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Uograpl)ical,  of  tlje  Bi0l)op0  of 

tl)e  :Hmcrican  Cljurcl),  toitl)  a 

larclimmarp  €0sap  on  tlje 

i^istoric  episcopate  and 

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oftl)e  introduction  of 

tl)e  :^nglican  line 

of    succession 

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"Bijiljop  of  9iOtoa, 

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l^istoriograpljrr  of  tl^r  American  Cljurcl^ 

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€l)c  Clirijstiau  literature  Co. 
S0Dcccrct) 


Copyright,  1895, 
By  The  Cmkishan  Litf.rahre  Company. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Advertisement vii 

PUKKACE ix 

Introduci  ION xi 

Biographies: 

.  Samuel  Seabury I 

.    William  Wliite 5 

Samuel  Provoost 9 

James   Madison      11 

Tliomas  John  Claggett    I^^ 

Rol^ert  Smith 15 

Edward  Bass    17 

Abraham  Jarvis ig 

Benjamin  Moore 21 

Samuel  Parker 23 

.    John  Henry  Hobart 25 

Alexander  Viets  Griswold 2q 

Theodore  Dehon 31 

Richard  Channing  Moore t^t, 

James   Kemp 35 

John  Croes 37 

Nathaniel  Bowen 39 

Philander  Chase 41 

Thomas  Church  Brownell 45 

John  Stark  Ravenscroft 47 

Henry  Ustick  Onderdonk 49 

William  Meade 5 1 

William  Murray  Stone 53 

,     Benjamin  Tredvvell  Onderdonk 55 

Levi  Silliman  Ives. 57 

,_     John  Henry  Hopkins 59 

Benjamin  Bosworth  Smith 63 

Charles  Pettit  Mcllvaine 65 

George  Washington  Doane ^"1 

James  Hervey  Otey '19 

Jackson  Kemper 7 ' 

Samuel  Allen  McCoskry 7,? 

Leonidas  Polk   ...    75 

William  Heathcote  De  Lancey 77 

Christopher  Edwards  Gadsden 79 


COXIJiNTS. 

PACE 

Willi^mi  Ri)lliiison  Wliittinyliam 8i 

Steplien  ICUiott 83 

Alfred  Lee 85 

John  Johns 87 

Manton  Kastburn 8g 

John  Prentiss  Kewley  Henshaw 91 

Carlton  Chase 93 

Nicholas  Hamner  Cobbs 95 

Cicero  Stephens  Hawks 97 

William  Jones  Hoone 99 

George  Washington  Freeman loi 

Horatio  Southgate 103 

Alonzo   I'otler 105 

George  Hurgess 107 

CJecirge  Upfold 109 

William  Mercer  Green in 

John  Payne 113 

Francis  Huger  Kutledge 1 1 5 

John  Williams 117 

Henry  John  Whitehouse 119 

Jonathan  Mayhcw  Wainwright   121 

Thomas  Frederick  Davis 123 

Thomas  Atkinson 12; 

William  Ingraham  Kip 127 

Thomas  Fielding  Scott 1 29 

Henry  Washington  Lee 131 

Horatio  Potter 133 

Thomas  ^L^rch  Clark 135 

Samuel  Bowman 137 

Alexander  Gregg 139 

William  Henry  Odenheimer 141 

Gregory  Thurston  Bedell 143 

Henry  Benjamin  Whipple 145 

Henry  Champlin  Lay 147 

Joseph  Cruikshank  Talbot 149 

William  Bacon  Stevens 151 

Richard  Hooker  Wilmer 155 

Thomas  Hubbard  Vail 157 

Arthur  Cleveland  Coxe 159 

Charles  Todd  Quintard 163 

Robert  Harper  Clarkson    165 

George  Maxwell  Randall 167 

John   Barrett  Kerfoot 169 

Channing  Moore  Williams 

Joseph  Pere  Bell  Wilmer 

George  David  Cummins 17 

William  Edmon<l  Armitage 

Henry  Adams  Neely 17 

Daniel  Sylvester  Tuttle 18 


CON  TEATS. 


John  Freeman  Young i  S  5 

John  Watrus  Beckwith iS^ 

Francis  McNeece  Whittle 1S7 

William  Henry  Augustus  Bissell iSg 

Charles   Franklin  Robertson igi 

Benjamin  Wistar   Morris igj 

Abram  Newkirk  Littlejohn 195 

/William  Croswell  Doane 197 

.Frederic  Dan    Huntington igc) 

Ozi  William  Whitaker 201 

Henry  Niles  Pierce 203 

William  WoodruiT  Niles 20^ 

William  Pinkney 207 

William  Bell  White  Howe 2oq 

Mark  Antony  De  Wolfe  Howe     211 

William    H..bart   Hare 213 

john(.;..ttlicb  Auer 215 

l^enjaniin  Henry  Paddock 217 

Theodore  Benedict  Lyman 219 

John  Franklin  Spalding 221 

Edward  Randolph  Welles 223 

Robert  W'oodward  Barnwell  Elliott 225 

John   Henry  Ducachet  Wingfield 227 

Alexander  Charles  Garrett 229 

William  Forbes  Adams 231 

Thomas  Underwood  Dudley 233 

John  Scarborough 235 

George  De  Normandie  Gillespie 237 

Thomas  Augustus   Jaggar 239 

William  Edward  McLaren 241 

John  Henry  Holjart  Brown    243 

,  William  Stevens  Perry 245 

Charles  Clifton  Penick 249 

Samuel  Isaac  Joseph  Schereschewsky 251 

Alexander  Burgess 253 

George  William  Peterkin 255 

George  Franklin  Seymour 257 

Samuel  Smith  Harris 259 

Thomas  Alfred   Starkey 261 

John  Nicholas  Galleher .  .  263 

George  Kelly  Dunlop 2i->; 

Leigh  Richmond  Brewer 267 

John  Adams  Paddock 269 

Cortlandt  Whitehead 271 

Hugh  Mdler  Thompson    273 

David  Buel  Knickerbacker    275 

,  Henry  Codman   Potter 277 

Alfred  Magill  Randolph 279 

William  David  Walker 281 


^^ii  ADl-ER  IISKME.XT. 

those  will)  would  never  sit  f<ir  a  portrait.  His  likeness  appears  in  a 
group;  but  as  the  reproductions  were  unsatisfactory,  a  pen-and-ink 
sketch  was  made  from  tiie  photooraph. 

Besides  our  portraits  of  Madison,  W'hittingham,  Green,  and 
Pinkney,  taken  from  oil-paintings  by  photography,  six  others  were 
produced  in  the  same  way,  viz.,  those  of  Robert  Smith,  Jarvis, 
Kemp,  II.  U.  Onderdonk,  Stone,  and  Gadsden. 

In  cases  where  photographs  are  not  known,  or  where  they  lack 
merit,  we  have,  wherever  it  has  been  possible,  made  use  of  engrav- 
ings. Tw'enty-nine  of  our  portraits  ha\e  been  so  taken.  Of  these 
the  following  were  engraved  by  J.  C.  Huttre:  White  (from  Sully's 
painting),  Provoost,  Claggett,  Bass,  Ilobart,  Griswokl,  R.  C.  Moore, 
Croes,  Bowen,  P.  Chase,  Brownell,  Ravenscroft,  Mcllvaine,  Ole\-, 
De  Lance\-.  Ileiishaw,  I'reeman,  W'ainwright  (from  Brady's  paint- 
ing), and  Cummins.  Tiie  portrait  of  the  senior  Boone  is  from  an 
engraving  by  Sartain,  from  Mooney's  painting,  and  the  likeness  of 
Bishop  Polk  is  also  from  an  engra\-ing  by  Sartain,  and  is  used  by 
permission  of  Ur.  William  H.  Polk,  of  New  York.  The  portraits  of 
Bishops  Meade  and  B.  T.  Onderdonk  are  from  engravings  by  Neil 
and  Ormsby  respccti\ely.  The  following  are  from  engravings  by- 
unknown  artists :  Seabury,  Benjamin  Moore,  Parker,  Ives,  Davis,  and 
Hopkins. 

All  other  illustrations  are  fi-nm  photographs  furnished  by  the 
bishops  themsehes,  by  members  of  their  families,  or  b\'  authorized 
photographers. 

We  are  under  obligations  to  the  Rev.  Y .  D.  Jaudon,  of  Manston, 
Wi.'<.,and  to  the  Rev.  E.  H.  Porter,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  for  the  loan 
of  photographs  and  engra\-ings  from  their  collections,  and  to  Mr. 
Rollinson  Colburn,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  for  material  assistance  in 
many  ways.  Acknowledgments  should  also  be  made  to  the  Rev. 
Samuel  F.  Jarvis,  of  Brooklyn,  Conn.,  for  the  use  of  the  large  por- 
trait of  Bishop  Jarvis,  taken  from  the  only  painting  of  that  prelate 
in  existence;  to  Mr.  D.  E.  Huger  Smith,  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  for  a 
photograph  of  Bishop  Smith,  taken  from  the  painting  in  possession 
of  his  brother,  Mr.  Robert  Tilghman  Smith;  to  the  Rev.  F.  Chase, 
of  Scarsdale,  N.  Y.,  for  our  likeness  of  Bishop  Carlton  Chase  ;  and  to 
the  Rev.  Montgomery  Schuyler,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  for  that  of  Bishop 
Hawk.s. 


PREFACE. 


TllK  story  of  the  introduction  of  the  Anolican  episcopate  into 
America  is  full  of  incident.  The  lives  of  the  men  who  have  filled 
the  office  of  bishop  in  the  American  Church  are  at  once  interest- 
ing and  instructi\e.  The  contributions  the}'  have  made  to  Ameri- 
can literature,  even  in  the  midst  of  absorbing  labors  antl  constant 
cares,  are  both  creditable  and  important.  To  tell  the  st<;>ry  of  the 
struggle  for  the  episcopate,  to  record  bricfl}-  the  Ii\es  of  the  bish- 
ops of  the  United  States,  and  to  furnish  comprehensive  lists  of 
their  literary  works,  is  the  object  of  this  work.  The  dry  skeleton  of 
dates  and  facts  has  been  clothed  with  such  incidents  and  remarks  as 
shall  afford  to  the  reader  an  understanding  of  their  characters  and 
the  circumstances  molding  and  influencing  their  lives.  This  has 
been  attempted  in  the  spirit  of  historical  impartiality.  The  effort 
has  been  made  to  supply  the  means  for  correctly  estimating  both 
the  men  and  the  measures  marking  their  official  careers. 

Besides  the  biographical  sketches  of  the  nearl)'  two  hundred 
priests  who  ha\e  been  called  to  the  office  and  administration  of  a 
bishi.ip  in  the  Church  of  God,  we  gi\'e,  somewhat  in  detail,  the  story 
of  the  efforts,  dating  back  to  the  early  days  of  American  discovery 
and  settlement,  made  in  this  land  and  across  the  sea  to  secure  for 
the  colonial  Church  the  completion  of  the  three  orders  of  the  min- 
istry, and  the  privilege  and  power  of  self- reproduction  and  self-rule. 
To  this  we  add  the  documents  which  gi\-e  the  succession  of  the 
American  bishops,  connecting  them  through  Aberileen  and  Lam- 
beth with  the  see  of  Canterbury,  and  back  to  the  a]iostles  and  to 
the  great  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  souls.  An  essa\-  on  "The  His- 
toric Episcopate  "  is  added,  embracing  in  simple  statement  and  in 
the  briefest  possible  compass  the  results  of  the  latest  scholarship 
respecting  this  question.  The  pur]jose  of  this  paper  is  to  give  to 
those  who  are  seeking  a  basis  for  Church  unit>-  an  authoritative 
presentation  of  the  Chicago-Lambeth  propositions,  and  a  defense  of 
the  position  taken  therein.  There  are  papers  on  the  episcopal  suc- 
cession in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States  and  on  the 
Methodist  "  superintendenc}'  "  of  America,  of  which  latter  Thomas 


X  'I'llE    EriSCOriTE    IX  AMERICA. 

Coke,  LL.D.,  and  I'raiicis  Ashiiry  were  tlie  first  appoiiitmeiUs  by 
the  foiiiuler  of  Methutlism,  John  Wesley. 

The  intelligent  reader  will  find  in  these  pages  much  to  con\ince 
him  that  the  episcopate  in  the  United  States,  like  that  of  other  da\s 
and  in  other  lands,  has  maintaineil  the  dignity  of  the  order,  and  b)- 
labors,  devotion,  and  consecrated  lixes  has  well  and  wiseh'  ruled 
that  portion  of  the  Holy  Catholic  Church  committed  to  its  charge. 
Of  these  men  of  God  it  can  truly  be  affirmed  that  their  learning, 
their  labors,  their  liscs,  will  be  found  to  have  been  freel}',  fiiUv 
gi\'en/;v  salute  hoiinnnin  ct  pro  ccclesia  Dei. 

Bishop's  House,  Davkni'oki,  I.\., 
Fea-st  of  the  Ascension,  a.d.  1895. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE    HISTORIC    EPISCOPATE. 

The  critical  examination  vi  the  New  Testament  writings  for 
notices  of  the  polity  of  the  kinmlum  of  hea\en  Christ  set  up  when 
tabernacled  in  the  flesh  |)laiiily  indicates  that  the  ultimate  earthly 
authority  there  recognized  was  that  exercised  by  the  apostles,  in 
the  name  of,  and  as  representing,  their  Master,  their  Lord,  their 
King,  and  that  the  means  for  the  transmission  of  this  authority  was 
by  the  imposition  of  apostolic  hands.  The  Church  already  existed. 
The  kingdom  of  heaven  had  long  had  its  rulers  and  its  rules.  In 
other  words,  the  principle  of  individual  overseership  or  episcopacy, 
exercised  by  the  apostles  first,  and  by  apostolic  delegates  afterward, 
and  gradually  taking  shape  in  most  easily  recognized  and  definite 
form,  is  found  in  the  New  Testament  Scriptures  as  an  existing  fact, 
while  we  ma\-  search  their  pages  in  \'ain  for  any  indication  of  the 
principle  of  presbyterian  parity  or  of  congregational  democracy. 
Few  and  scattered  as  are  the  New  Testament  allusions  to  the  polity 
of  the  Church  in  the  da\-s  in  which  the  ajiostles  were  still  present 
on  the  earth,  the  trend  of  each  and  all  of  these  passages  is  evident. 
The  source  of  power  in  the  Church  was  not  from  the  people  or  of 
the  people;  it  was  from  above;  and  in  these  scanty  notices  we  see 
apostolic  rule  gradually  merging  into  episcopal  authorit}-  and  power. 

The  exercise  of  the  commission  of  their  Master — "  As  the  Father 
hath  sent  Me,  e\'en  so  send  1  \'ou  " — by  the  Twehe,  chosen  not  by 
the  company  of  believers,  but  by  the  Lord  Himself;  the  solemn  in- 
vestiture of  Matthias — not  by  the  people,  but  by  the  Eleven  acting 
under  divine  guidance — with  the  office  from  which  Judas  tell  ;  the 
choice  of  the  great  apostle  to  the  Gentiles  by  the  Head  of  the 
Church  Himself — "  an  apostle,  not  of  men,  neither  by  man,  but  by 
Jesus  Christ,  and  God  the  Father";  '  the  headship  of  the  Church 
at  Jerusalem,  as  well  as  the  title  of  "  apostle,"  so  plainly  accorded 


xii  rilE    lU'ISCOPA'J E    l.\  AMERICA. 

by  St.  I'aiil  to  "James,  tlie  Lord's  brother,"  wlio  was  evideiUl\-  not 
one  of  the  Twche ;  the  absence  of  any  hint  that  the  apostolate  w as 
to  be  limited  to  the  Twelve,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  the  application 
of  the  title  to  Barnabas,'  to  Andronicns  and  Junia,-'  probably  to  Sil- 
vaniis,^  and  to  others  by  St.  Paul ;  the  condemnation  of  "  false  ajjos- 
tles  "  ;  the  committal  by  St.  Paul  of  the  charge  of  the  Churches  he 
had  founded  to  Timotliy  and  Titus  ;  the  latest  messages  of  tlie  Head 
of  the  Church,  not  to  the  people,  but  to  the  rulers,  the  "  angels,"  the 
individually  responsible  heads  of  the  apocalyptic  Churches — these 
are  each  and  all  parts  of  that  vast  network  of  scriptural  testimony 
uniting  with  its  countless  meshes  the  Church's  chief  Shepherd  and 
]iishop  of  souls  with  the  threefold  ministry  and  the  polity  of  the 
kingdom  of  hea\en  which,  ere  the  death  of  the  last  of  the  apostles, 
St.  John,  was  universally  established  throughout  the  Church  of 
Christ. 

1 1  is  the  judgment  of  Dr.  l.ightfoot,  late  bisho])  of  Durham,  that 
"  history  seems  to  show  decisi\el_\-  that  before  the  middle  of  the 
second  century  each  church  or  organized  Christian  community  had 
its  three  orders  of  ministers — its  bishop,  its  presb\-ters,  and  its  dea- 
cons. On  this  point  there  cannot  reasonably  be  two  opinions."  ■* 
The  same  distinguished  scholar,  in  commenting  on  the  position  oc- 
cupied by  St.  James,  the  brother  of  the  Lord,  in  the  Church  of 
Jerusalem,  after  expressing  his  conviction  that  "  he  was  not  one  of 
the  Twelve,"  asserts  that  "  the  episcopal  office  thus  existed  in  the 
mother-church  of  Jerusalem  from  very  earl}-  days,  at  least  in  a  rudi- 
mentary form  "  ;•'  while  the  government  of  the  Gentile  churches, 

I  "  The  apostlesliip  of  Barnalias  is  l)cyoiul  (jucstion.  St.  I. like  records  his  consecra- 
tion to  the  office  as  takins;  phice  at  the  same  time  wiili,  and  in  the  same  manner  as,  ."^t. 
Paul's  (Acts  xiii.  2,  3).  In  his  account  of  tlieir  missionary  labors  he  again  names  them 
together  as  '  apostles,'  even  mentioning  Barnabas  first  (.\cts  .\iv.  4,  14).  St.  Paul  himself 
also  in  two  different  epistles  uses  similar  lang;iage.  In  the  (lalatian  letter  he  speaks  of 
Barnabas  as  associated  with  himself  in  the  ajiostleship  of  the  Gentiles  (ii.  9);  in  the  first 
to  the  Corinthians  he  claims  for  his  fellow-laborer  all  the  ]>rivikges  of  an  apostle,  as  one 
who,  like  himself,  holds  the  office  of  an  apostle  and  is  doing  the  work  of  an  ajiostle  (ix. 
5,  6).  If,  therefore,  St.  Paul  has  held  a  larger  place  than  Barnabas  in  the  gratitude  and 
veneration  of  the  Church  of  all  ages,  this  is  due,  not  to  any  superiority  of  rank  or  office,  but 
to  the  ascendancy  of  his  personal  gifts,  a  mere  intense  energy  and  self-devotion,  wider  and 
deeper  sympathies,  a  firmer  intellectual  grasp,  a  larger  measure  of  the  spirit  of  Christ." — 
Bisliop  Lightfoot's  "  Hpistle  to  the  Calatians,"  pp.  96,  97. 

-  "  On  the  most  natural  interpretation  of  a  jiassage  in  the  F.pistle  to  the  Romans  (xvi. 
7),  .Andronicus  and  Junia,  two  Christians  otherwise  unknown  to  us,  are  called  distinguished 
members  of  the  a]iostolate — language  which  indirectly  implies  a  very  considerable  exten- 
sion of  the  term." — Ihid.,  p.  95. 

3  "  In  I  Thessalonians  ii.  6,  again,  where  ...  he  speaks  of  the  disinterested  labors 
of  himself  and  his  colleagues,  adding,  '  though  -ir  might  have  been  burdensome  to  you, 
being  apostles  of  Clirist,'  it  is  ])robai)lethat  under  this  term  he  includes  .Silvanus,  who  had 
labored  with  him  in  Thessalonica,  and  whose  name  appears  in  the  superscription  of  the  let- 
ter."— Ibid. 

*  Bishop  I.ightfoot's  "  Dissertation  on  the  Christian  Ministry,"  a|i|)ended  to  his  "  Com- 
mentary on  the  Phili|ipians,"  p.  184. 

5  /iid.,  p.  196. 


/X'JKODrCTJOX.  xiii 

though  presenting  no  distinct  traces  uf  a  similar  (jryanization,  ex- 
hibits "  stages  of  development  tending  in  this  direction."  '  Light- 
foot,  who  discusses  this  subject  with  singular  moderation  and  fair- 
ness, concedes  that  the  ijosition  occupied  by  Timotln-  and  Titus, 
whom  he  styles  "  apostolic  delegates,"  "  fairh'  represents  the  func- 
tions of  the  bishop  early  in  the  second  centur)*."'-'  I{\'en  admitting 
with  Lightfoot  that  "  James,  the  Lord's  brother,  alone,  within  the 
period  compassed  by  the  apostolic  writings,  can  claim  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  bishop  in  the  later  and  more  sj^ecial  sense  of  the  term," 
and  that  "  as  late,  therefore,  as  the  year  70  no  distinct  signs  of  epis- 
copal government  ha\"e  appeared  in  Gentile  Christendom,"  still  it 
must  be  acknowledged,  in  the  language  of  the  same  authorit}',  that 
"  unless  we  have  recourse  to  a  sweeping  condemnation  of  received 
documents,  it  seems  \'ain  to  den)-  that  early  in  the  second  centur)- 
the  episcopal  office  was  firmly  antl  wiilely  established.  Thus,  dur- 
ing the  last  three  decatles  of  the  first  century,  and  consequently 
during  the  lifetime  of  the  latest  sur\'i\ing  apostle,  this  change  must 
have  been  brought  about."-'  Again  and  again  dues  this  great 
scholar  refer  to  the  fact  <if  the  earh-  and  general  establishment  of 
episcopacy  "  from  the  apostles'  times."  For  example,  he  asserts 
that  "  the  evidence  for  the  early  and  wide  e.xtension  of  episcopacy 
throughout  proconsular  Asia,  the  scene  of  St.  John's  latest  labors, 
may  be  considered  irrefragable."  *  And  again,  "  These  notices,  be- 
sides establishing  the  general  prevalence  of  episcopac}-,  .  .  .  estal)- 
lish  this  result  clearly:  that  its  maturer  forms  are  seen  first  in  those 
regions  where  the  latest  survix'ing  apostles,  m<ire  especially  St.  John, 
fixed  their  abode,  and  at  a  time  when  its  prevalence  cannot  be  dis- 
sociated from  their  influence  or  their  sanction."  ' 

And  again,  "  It  has  been  seen  that  the  institution  of  an  episco- 
pate must  be  placed  as  far  back  as  the  closing  years  of  the  first  cen- 
tury, and  that  it  cannot,  without  violence  to  historical  testing  in_\-. 
be  dissevered  from  the  name  of  St.  John.""  "It  will  appear." 
continues  Lightfoot.  "  that  the  pressing  needs  of  the  Church  were 
mainly  instrumental  in  bringing  about  this  result,  and  that  this  de- 
velopment of  the  episcopal  office  was  a  providential  safeguard  amid 
the  confusion  of  speculative  oi)inion.  the  distracting  effects  of  per- 
secution, and  the  growing  anarchy  of  social  life,  which  threatened 
not  only  the  extensi.m  but  the  very  existence  of  tlie  Church  >•{ 
Christ."'  With  this  cumulative  presentation  of  the  proofs  of  the 
historic  episcopate  from  the  writings  of  the  leading  .scholar  of  the 
age,  we  may  be  prepared  for  the  bishop's  summing  up  of  the  whole 
matter  among  the  clo.sing  words  of  his  "  Di.s.sertation  on  the  Chris- 
tian Ministry  "  :  "  If  the  preceding  investigation  is  substantially  cor- 

1    Li-htf.iot's  "  Christian  Mini-trv."  p.   nVx  -   Ihi.l.,  p.  \c^~.  3  Iln.l.,  p.   199. 

1  Ihid.,  p.  212.  5  //,„/.,  pp.  225.  226.  e  //'/,/.,  p.  232.  "  Ihid. 


xiv  riiE  /■:/•!  SCO  PA  J/-:  /.v  amehica. 

rect,  the  threefold  ministry  can  be  traced  to  apostolic  direction  ;  and 
short  of  an  express  statement  we  can  possess  no  better  assurance 
of  a  divine  appointment,  or  at  least  a  divine  sanction."  '  In  e\'en 
stronger  language,  in  his  sermon  before  the  Wolverhampton  Church 
Congress,  he  asserts  that  the  Church  of  England  has  "  retained  a 
from  of  church  government  which  had  been  handed  down  in  un- 
broken continuity  from  the  apostles'  times." 

With  these  statements  and  these  proofs  the  language  of  the 
Ordinal  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  is  in  strict  accord:  "  It  is 
evident  unto  all  men  diligently  reading  Holy  Scripture  and  ancient 
authors  that  from  the  apostles'  time  there  have  been  these  three 
orders  of  ministers  in  Christ's  Church — bishops,  priests,  and  dea- 
cons." The  full  meaning  of  this  statement  appears  in  the  fact  that 
it  is  the  requirement  of  the  canon  law  of  the  Church,  as  well  as  of 
the  Ordinal,  that  "  no  man  shall  be  accounted  or  taken  to  be  a  law- 
ful bishop,  jiriest,  or  deacon,  in  this  Church,  or  suffered  to  execute 
any  of  the  said  functions,  except  he  be  called,  tried,  examined,  and 
admitted  thereunto  according  to  tlie  form  hereafter  following,  or 
hath  iiad  episcopal  consecration  or  ordination."  In  the  judgment 
of  Liglufoot,  as  e\'identl\"  in  the  intention  of  the  Ordinal,  the  "  his- 
torical episcopate  "  includes  the  apostolical  succession — the  threefold 
ministry  communicated  by  the  imposition  of  hands  and  continued 
"  in  unbroken  continuity  from  the  apostles'  times." 

To  quote  the  language  of  Mr.  Gladstone:  "  In  the  latter  part  of 
the  second  century  of  the  Christian  era  the  subject  "  of  the  apos- 
tolical succession  "  came  into  distinct  and  formal  view  ;  and  from  that 
time  forward  it  seems  to  have  been  considered  by  the  great  writers 
of  the  Catholic  body  a  fact  too  jjalpable  to  be  doubted,  rmd  too 
simple  to  be  misunderstood." - 

\Ve  have  thus  far  dealt  merel)-  with  the  proofs  of  the  historic 
episcopate  as  indicated  in  the  New  Testament  and  as  existing  dur- 
ing the  lifetime  of  St.  John.  We  turn  to  the  witness  of  history  to 
the  fact  that  our  Lord  instituted  in  His  Church,  by  succession  from 
the  apostles,  a  threefold  ministry,  the  highest  order  of  these  minis- 
ters alone  having  the  authority  and  ])ower  to  perjietuate  this  min- 
istr_\-  by  the  la}-ing  on  of  hands. 

The  Church  of  Jerusalem,  the  mother  of  us  all,  as  we  have  al- 
ready seen,  presents  the  earliest  instance  of  a  bishop  in  the  sense 
in  which  the  word  was  understood  in  post-apostolic  times.  The 
rule  and  ofificial  ])rominence  of  St.  James,  "  the  Lord's  brother,"  is 
recognized  both  in  the  Iv[)istles  of  St.  Paul  and  in  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles.  That  which  is  so  ]ilainly  indicated  in  the  canonical  Scrip- 
tures is  supported  by  the  uniform  tradition  of  the  succeeding  age. 

'   Lightfoot's  "  Christian  Ministry,"  p-  265. 

2  Gladstone's  "  Chuvcli  Principles  Considered  in  their  Results,"  p.   1S9. 


/.vyA'o/)C'cyvo.v.  xv 

On  tlie  death  of  St.  James,  wliich  took  place  immediately  before 
the  war  of  Vespasian,  Symeon  succeeded  to  his  place  and  rule. 
Hegesippus,  who  is  our  authority  for  this  statement,  and  who  rep- 
resents Symeon  as  holding  the  same  office  with  St.  James,  and  with 
equal  distinctness  styles  him  a  bishop,  was  doubtless  born  ere  Sym- 
eon died.  Eusebius  gives  us  a  list  of  Symeon's  successors.  In 
less  than  thirty  years — such  were  the  troubles  and  uncertainties  of 
the  times — there  appear  to  ha\'e  been  thirt\-  occupants  of  the  see. 
On  the  building  of  ^^Llia  Capitolina  on  the  ruins  of  Jerusalem,  Mar- 
cus presided  over  the  Church  in  the  holy  city  as  its  first  Gentile 
bishop.  Narcissus,  who  became  bishop  of  Jerusalem  in  the  year  I  go, 
is  referred  to  by  Alexander,  in  whose  fa\or  he  resigned  his  see  in 
the  \-ear  214,  as  still  lix'ing  at  the  age  of  one  hundred  and  sixteen 
— thus  in  this  single  instance  bridging  over  the  period  from  the 
time  when  the  Apostle  John  was  still  li\-ing  to  the  date  when,  by 
universal  consent,  it  is  conceded  that  episcopacy  was  establishetl  in 
all  quarters  of  the  world. 

Passing  from  the  mother-church  of  Jerusalem  to  ;\ntioch,  where 
the  disciples  were  first  called  Christians,  and  which  may  be  regarded 
as  the  natural  center  of  Gentile  Christianity,  we  find  from  tradition 
that  Antioch  received  its  first  bishop  from  St.  Peter.  We  need  not 
discuss  the  probabilities  of  this  story,  since  there  can  be  no  doubt  as 
to  the  name  standing  second  on  the  list.  Ignatius  is  mentioned 
as  a  bishop  by  the  earliest  authors.  His  own  language  is  conclusive 
as  to  his  own  conviction  on  this  point.  He  writes  to  one  bishop, 
Polycarp.  He  refers  by  name  to  another,  Onesimus.  He  contem- 
plates the  appointment  of  his  successor  at  Antioch  after  his  decease. 
The  successor  whose  appointment  Ignatius  anticipated  is  said  by 
liusebius  to  have  been  Hero,  and  from  his  episcopate  the  list  of 
^Antiochian  bishops  is  complete.  If  the  authenticity  of  the  entire 
catalogue  is  questionable,  two  bishops  of  .Antioch  at  least,  during 
the  second  centur}-,  Theophilus  and  Serapion,  are  confessedly  his- 
torical personages.  With  reference  to  the  epistles  of  Ignatius  con- 
troversy has  raged  for  centuries.  Their  outspoken  testimony  in 
favor  of  episcopac\-  has  been  regarded  by  the  ad\-ocates  of  parity 
or  of  independenc\-  as  a  [jroof  of  their  want  of  authenticit}'.  I'uit 
the  discussion  has  been  practically  settled  in  our  i>\vn  tlay,  and  the 
judgment  of  Lightfoot,  the  latest  and  greatest  commentator  on 
these  interesting  remains  of  Christian  antiquity,  will  be  received 
without  question  by  all  whose  opinion  is  worth}-  of  consideration. 
He  assigns  these  epistles  to  the  earliest  \-ears  of  the  second  century, 
and  he  regards  the  testimony  of  Ignatius  to  the  existence  and  uni- 
versality of  the  threefold  mini.stry  at  the  period  in  which  he  lived 
and  wrote  as  conclusive.  The  celebrated  German  critic  and  scholar. 
Dr.   Harnack,   who   characterizes   Lightfoot's   work    as   "  the   most 


xvi  riir.    EJ' I  SCO  PA  IE    E\  AMERICA. 

learned  and  careful  patristic  monoLjrapli  of  the  ceiitiir\-,"  accepts 
the  c  jnckisioiis  of  the  bishop,  and  concedes  that  the  genuineness  of 
the  Ignatian  letters  is  rendered  "certain."  With  such  a  witness, 
thus  supported  by  scliolars  confessedly  occupying  the  foremost  place 
for  learning  and  critical  power,  we  may  proceed  to  details. 

In  the  Ignatian  letters,  the  writer,  the  second  bishop  of  Antioch, 
appears  as  a  condemned  prisoner  traveling  through  Asia  to  his  mar- 
tyrdom at  Rt)me.  Though  each  step  of  his  progress  brought  him 
nearer  to  death  ;  though  the  severity  of  his  guard — "  a  manii)le  of 
ten  soldiers,"  whom  he  designates  as  "  leopards  " — makes  his  last 
days  wretchedly  uncomfortable,  still  his  journey  is  a  triumph.  On 
his  arrival  at  Smyrna  rcpresentati\es  of  the  churches  of  Kjjhesus, 
Magnesia,  ;uul  Tralles  unite  with  the  flock  of  Polycarp,  the  bishop 
of  Sm)'rna,  to  do  him  honor.  During  his  stay  at  Smyrna  the  aged 
bishoj)  aildresses  four  of  his  extant  epistles  to  the  Ephesians,  to  tl;e 
Magnesians,  to  the  Trallians,  and  to  the  Romans.  The  remaining 
three  epistles,  those  to  the  Churches  of  Philadelphia  and  Sm_\-rna,  and 
to  Pol}'carp,  the  bishop  of  the  latter,  were  written  from  Troas,  w  hither 
a  deacon  from  Ephesus  had  borne  him  company.  The  saint  proceeds 
from  Neapolis  to  Philippi,  where  he  is  welcomed  by  the  ChurcJi  and 
escorted  on  his  way,  and  thus  he  goes  toward  Rome.  Thougii,  in 
his  modesty,  choosing  to  speak  of  himself  as  "  only  now  beginning 
to  be  a  disciple,"  the  nearness  to  the  end  e\idciUl_\-  bringing  to  him 
new  revelations  of  spiritual  things  and  the  life  to  come,  lie  acts  and 
writes  as  a  man  ad\'anced  in  years.  Doubtless  he  was  near  to  man's 
estate  when  the  great  apostle  wrote  his  epistles.  He  must  have 
been  in  full  maturity  when  Jerusalem  was  trodden  underfoot  of  the 
Gentiles  and  the  Church  was  dri\-en  from  its  cradle- home.  He  in 
whose  life  all  this  had  transpired  was  now  on  his  way  to  death. 
He  fully  realized  tiiat  the  end  was  near  at  hand.  His  days  were 
numbered,  and  in  his  epistles  he  appears  to  have  sought  to  crowd 
counsels  of  the  highest  moment,  the  dying  legacy  of  one  whose 
voice  would  soon  be  forever  hnslu-d  in  death.  The  points  this  aged 
saint  chiefly  dwells  upon  are  two — the  doctrine  of  the  Incarnation 
as  an  historic  fact,  as  perpetuated  in  sacraments,  as  a  fundamental 
principle  of  the  faith  ;  and  the  threefold  ministry,  the  di\inely  given 
rule  for  the  Church,  by  whicli  the  Church  itself  would  be  recognized, 
and  tile  religion  of  tin.'  Christ  made  known  as  something  organic, 
real,  lasting,  disci])lined. 

In  his  statements  oi  the  prerogative  of  the  threefold  ministry 
Ignatius  is  emphatic:  "It  is  meet,  therefore,  .  .  .  that  being  ])er- 
fectly  joined  together  in  one  submission,  submitting  \-ourselves  to 
your  bishop  and  presbytery,  ye  may  be  sanctified  in  all  things."  ^ 

1   "  .All  F.pli.,"  2.      In  our  citations  we  avail  ourselves  of  IJisliop  I.iglufoot's  transia- 


/X7A'0/HC770.V.  xvii 

"  I  was  forward  to  exhort  you,  that  ye  run  in  harmony  with  the 
mintl  of  God;  for  Jesus  Christ  als.i,  our  inseparable  lite,  is  tlie  mind 
of  the  Father,  even  as  the  liishnps  tiiat  are  settled  in  the  f.irthest 
parts  of  the  earth  are  in  tlie  mind  nf  Je^us  Christ.  So  then  it  he- 
cometh  you  to  run  in  harninny  with  the  mind  ol  the  bishi>ii,  which 
thiiv^  also  ye  do.  For  \'our  lionorable  presbytery,  which  is  wm'thy 
of  God,  is  attuned  to  the  bisiiop,  even  as  its  strings  to  a  lyre."  ' 

"  Let  no  man  be  decei\'ed.  If  an)-  one  be  not  within  the  precinct 
of  the  aUar,  he  lacketh  the  bread  [of  God].  ]*"nr,  if  the  jn-axcr  of 
one  and  another  hath  so  great  force,  how  much  more  that  of  the 
bishop  and  of  the  whole  Ciiurch!  .  .  .  Let  us  therefore  be  careful 
not  to  resist  the  bishup,  tiiat  by  our  submission  we  may  give  our- 
selves to  (jod.  .And  in  proportion  as  a  man  seeth  that  his  bishop 
is  silent,  let  him  fe.ir  him  the  more,  h'or  e\ery  one  whom  the 
Master  of  the  household  sendeth  to  Ijc  steward  o\er  His  own  house 
we  ought  so  to  recei\-e  as  llim  that  sent  him.  Plainly,  therefore, 
we  ought  to  regard  the  bishoj)  as  the  Lord  Himself."  - 

"  Assemble  yoursel\-es  together,  .  .  .  to  the  end  that  ye  may 
obey  the  bishop  and  the  presbyter)'  without  distraction  ot  mind; 
breaking  one  bread,  which  is  the  medicine  of  immortalit)'  and  the 
antidote  that  we  should  not  die."  '' 

"  Forasmuch,  then,  as  I  was  permitted  to  see  )-ou  in  the  person 
of  your  godly  bishop,  FJamas,  and  )-our  worth)-  presb)-ters,  Bassus 
and  Apollonius,  and  m\-  fellow-servant  the  deacon,  Sotion,  ot  whom 
I  would  fain  have  joy,  for  that  he  is  subject  to  the  bishop  as  unto 
the  grace  of  God,  ami  to  the  presb)ler)-  as  unto  the  law  ot  Jesus 
Christ.  Yea,  and  it  becometh  \-ou  also  n(.)t  to  presume  upon  the 
youth  of  your  bishop,  but  according  to  the  power  of  God  the  leather 
to  render  unto  him  all  re\erence  ;  .  .  .  )et  not  to  him,  but  to  the 
Father  of  Jesus  Christ,  even  to  the  liislio].)  of  all.  .  .  .  For  a  man 
does  not  so  much  deceive  this  bishop,  who  is  seen,  as  cheat  that 
other  who  is  invisible."  * 

"  Be  ye  zealous  to  d(}  all  things  in  godly  accord,  the  bishop  presid- 
ing after  the  likene.s'^  of  God,  and  the  presbxters  after  the  likeness  of 
the  council  of  the  apostles,  with  the  deacons  also  who  are  most  dear 
to  me,  having  been  intrusted  with  the  tliaconate  of  Jesus  Christ."'' 

"When  ye  are  obedient  to  the  bishop  as  to  Jesus  Christ,  it  is 
evident  to  me  that  ye  are  living,  not  after  men,  but  alter  Jesus 
Christ.  ...  It  is  therefore  necessar)-,  e\en  as  )-our  wont  is,  that 
you  should  do  nothing  without  the  bish(q);  but  be  )e  obedient  also 
to  the  presbytery,  as  to  the  apo.stles.  .  .  .  x\nd  those  likewise  who 
are  deacons  of  the  mysteries  of  Jesus  Christ  must  please  all  men  in 
all  ways.    ...    In  like  manner  let  all  men  respect  the  deacons  as 

1  ••  .\a  T'.iih..-  ?.  4.  ■-'  //■/./.,  V  6.  ■■>  //"./.,  20. 

*  "  .\<1  Mai;ii.,"  2,   5.  5  //,„/.,  6. 


xviii  THE   EnsCOr.lTE   EV  AMEKICA. 

Jesus  Clirist,  even  as  they  should  respect  the  bishop  as  being  a  type 
of  the  Father,  and  the  presbyters  as  the  council  of  God  and  as  the 
colle;4e  of  apostles.  Apart  from  these  there  is  nt>t  even  the  name 
of  a  Cluirch."  ' 

"  l-"or  as  many  as  are  of  God  and  of  Jesus  Christ,  they  are  with 
the  liishop ;  and  as  many  as  shall  repent  and  enter  into  the  unity  of 
the  Church,  these  also  shall  be  of  God.  .  .  .  Ik'  ye  careful,  there- 
fore, to  observe  one  eucharist,  for  there  is  one  flesh  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  and  one  cup  unto  union  in  His  blood;  there  is  one 
altar,  as  there  is  one  bishop,  together  with  the  presbytery  and  the 
deacons,  my  fellow-ser\ants." - 

"  Shun  di\isions  as  the  beginning  of  e\iis.  Uo  \c  all  follow  your 
bishop  as  Jesus  Christ  followed  the  Father,  and  the  presbytery  as 
the  a|jostles  ;  and  to  the  deacons  pay  respect,  as  to  God's  command- 
ment. Let  no  man  do  aught  of  tilings  pertaining  to  the  Church 
apart  from  the  bishop.  Let  that  be  held  a  valid  eucharist  which 
is  under  the  bishop,  or  one  to  whom  he  shall  ha\e  committed  it. 
\\'heresoe\er  the  bishop  shall  appear,  there  let  the  people  be;  even 
as  where  Jesus  may  be,  there  is  the  universal  Church.  It  is  not 
lawful  apart  from  the  bishop  either  to  baptize  or  to  hold  a  love- 
feast,  but  whatever  he  shall  aj^provc ;  this  is  well  pleasing  also  to 
Gnd,  that  everything  which  ye  do  ma\-  be  sure  and  \alid."'' 

"  It  is  good  to  recognize  God  and  the  bishop.  He  that  honoreth 
the  bishop  is  honored  of  God.  He  that  doeth  aught  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  bishop  rendereth  service  to  the  devil."  ^ 

Tiiere  can  be  no  question  that  the  writer  of  these  extracts  held 
clear  and  well-defined  views  bntli  as  to  the  existence  of  a  \isible, 
organized  Church  of  Christ,  and  a  threefold,  dixinely  authorized 
ministry  ruling  that  Cluirch.  This  he  deems  to  he  the  "mind  of 
God  "  ;  this  is  the  "  commandment  "  ;  and  so  fully  does  he  hold  this 
view  that  in  his  dying  counsels  he  eni])Iiasized  the  idea  that  he  who 
would  keep  the  "  commandment  "  and  run  in  accord  with  the  divine 
mind  must  lose  sight  of  his  very  individuality  in  the  fellowshiji  of 
the  Church,  and  unhesitating!)-  and  without  reserve  submit  himself 
in  action,  word,  or  purpose  to  the  divinely  appointed  rule  and  order 
of  the  Church.  \or  is  this  all.  He  regards  the  threefold  ministry 
as  essential  to  the  very  being  of  the  Church  ;  for,  to  quote  his  own 
words,  as  rendered  by  Lightfoot,  "  without  these  three  orders  no 
church  has  a  title  to  the  name."^  This  hierarchy,  tliis  monarchical 
episcopate,  this  established  and  divinely  authorized  rule  in  the  king- 
dom of  God,  the  aged  bisho]>  of  Antioch  regards  as  "  firmly  rooted." 
as  "beyond  dispute,"  and  as  coextensi\e  with  the  Church.  He 
speaks  of  bishops  as  established  in  "  the  farthest  parts  of  the  earth,"  " 

1  "  .\.l  Trail.,"  2,  ?.  -'  "  .\.l  Philad.,"  ^  4.  3  "  Ad  .Smvrn.,"  8. 

1   //W.,9.  ■  "."  .All  Trail.,"  3.  «  "  Ad  Epl'i.,"  3. 


/xvKonrcTjox.  xix 

and  it  is  evident  from  his  languaice  tliat,  in  iiis  judLjnient,  the  epis- 
copate is  not  an  evolution  fr<jni  the  prcsb)terate,  but  is  from  abo\e, 
the  orderinyj  of  God  Himself. 

We  cannot,  in  the  space  at  our  command,  give  all  of  the  many 
and  convincing  citations  from  these  epistles,  which,  as  translated  by 
Lightfoot,  afford  the  fullest  proof  of  our  position.  In  the  language 
of  Canon  MacColl,  which  has  the  appro\al  of  Bishop  Lightfoot 
himself:'  "  The  Ignatian  epistles  place  at  least  two  facts  plainly  be- 
yond dispute,  namely,  first,  that  diocesan  episcopacy  was  then  the 
universal  and  undisputed  form  of  church  government ;  secondl)-,  that 
the  diocese,  under  the  administration  of  its  bishops,  presbvters,  and 
deacons,  was  the  unit  t)f  the  Church.  The  bishop  stood  at  the  sum- 
mit of  the  ecclesiastical  hierarchy.  In  him  the  Church  was  summed 
up.      From  him  it  could  be  reproduced." 

In  repl)'  to  the  notion  that  during  the  last  three  decades  of  the 
first  century,  and  consequent!}-  during  the  lifetime  of  St.  John,  a 
change  had  been  brought  about  fmm  a  presbyterate  goxerned  bv 
apostles  to  diocesan  episcopac}-.  Canon  MacColl  interprets  Bishop 
Lightfoot's  contention  as  follows:  "  If  episcopac}-  'was  hrml\-  aiul 
widely  established  '  during  the  lifetime  of  the  latest  sur\-i\-ing  apostle, 
it  can  hardly  be  disputed  that  it  is  the  form  of  church  government 
which  is  according  to  the  mind  of  Christ.  '  The  latest  surviving 
apostle  ' — '  the  disciple  whom  Jesus  loved  ' — must  have  learned,  dur- 
ing the  forty  days'  intercourse  with  the  risen  Saviour  before  the 
ascension,  the  mintl  of  his  Master  on  so  \-ital  a  (lucstion,  and  it  is 
simply  inconceivable  that  he  should  ha\'e  sanctioned  an\-  ecclesiasti- 
cal polity  which  was  not  in  full  harmou}-  with  his  Lord's  instruction 
while  '  speaking  of  the  things  ]jertaining  to  the  kingdi.)m  of  Got!.'  "  - 

From  the  words  of  Ignatius,  so  clear,  sti  strong,  so  abundant,  we 
turn  to  the  testimony  of  Irenaeus,  who  was  born  not  later  than 
\.\).  130.  He  asserts  that  in  his  youth  he  "  sat  at  the  feet  of  Poly- 
carp,  who  had  been  appointed  by  the  apostles  a  bishop  for  Asia  in 
the  Church  of  Sm\-rna,"  and  that  he  had  listened  to  the  discourses 
in  public  and  private  of  this  \'enerable  man,  whose  very  looks  and 
ways,  he  assures  us,  were  indelibly  impressed  upon  his  mind.  Ire- 
naeus further  claims  that  he  had  opportunities  of  instruction  from 
Asiatic  "elders,"  some  of  whom,  he  tt-lls  us,  hatl  been  disciples  of 
the  apostles.  With  these  means  of  learning  the  traditions  of  the 
Church  in  Asia  Minor,  as  sha]jed  by  no  less  an  authority  than 
St.  John  himself,  the  latest  living  of  the  apostolic  band,  Irenai'us, 
while  yet  a  young  man,  and  probably  prior  to  Polycarp's  mart_\-rdom 
(circa  A. I).  155),  removed  from  Asia  to  Rome.  At  the  latest,  in  the 
year  177,  when  persecution  \'isited  the  churches  of  southern  Gaul, 

1  "  Cliristianitv  ill  Kclatiiin  to  Science  and  Morals."  tliinl  edition,  i.Sgo.  p|i.  x.w.,  2;K. 

2  Acts  i.   !.       ' 


\x  THE  El'ISCOrATE  JX  AMERICA. 

Iren.-eus  was  a  prcsbjter  of  Lyons,  and  was  elevated  to  the  see  of 
the  martyred  bisliop  I'othinus.  There  is  record  of  his  visiting 
Rome  prior  to  iiis  entrance  upon  the  episcopal  office,  as  well  as 
afterwanl,  his  object  in  each  case  being  to  promote  the  peace  of  the 
Church.  Thus  fitted  by  circumstances  as  well  as  by  his  character 
to  know  and  maintain  the  "  traditions  of  the  elders,"  we  find  in  his 
writings,  to  quote  the  language  of  the  latest  authority  on  this  sub- 
ject, the  Rev.  Charles  Gore,  in  his  work  on  "The  Ministry  of  the 
Christian  Church,"  "  the  picture  of  the  universal  Church,  .s])read  all 
over  the  world,  handing  tiown  in  unbroken  succession  the  a]:)ostolic 
truth ;  and  the  bond  of  unity,  the  link  to  connect  the  generations  in 
the  Church,  is  the  episcopal  succession."  ' 

The  language  of  Irenajus  is  clear  and  determinate  with  reference 
to  the  succession  of  the  bishops  to  the  authority  and  rule  exercised 
by  the  apostles  in  the  Church  ;  and  "  because  it  would  be  tedious  .  .  . 
to  enumerate  the  succession  of  all  the  churches,"  he  gives  that  of  the 
Church  of  Rome,  and  records  the  committal  of  the  episcopate  by  the 
apostles  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  to  Linus  (.^.D.  68),  and  then  the 
succession  from  him  of  Anencletus  (.\.D.  8o),  Clement  (a. I).  92), 
Evarestus  (.\.l).  100),  Alexander  (.\.I).  109),  Xystus  (a.D.  119), 
Telesphorus  the  Martyr  (A.D.  128),  Hyginus  (a.d.  139),  Pius  (a.D. 
142),  Anicetus  (a.D.  157),  Soter  (a.D.  168),  and  at  length,  in  his 
own  da\-,  of  Kleutherus  (a.d.  177).-'  Certain  discrepancies  whicii 
confessedly  exist  in  the  various  lists  of  Roman  bishops  which  ha\e 
come  down  to  us  may  be  explained  by  assuming  the  existence  in 
the  very  first  ages  of  two  distinct  Churches,  one  Jewish  and  one 
Gentile,  at  Rome.  Lightfoot,  while  claiming  that  "  no  more  can 
safely  be  assumed  of  Linus  and  Anencletus  than  that  they  held 
some  prominent  position  in  the  Romish  Church,"  ^  adds  that  "  the 
reason  for  supposing  Clement  to  have  been  a  bishop  is  as  strong  as 
the  universal  tradition  of  the  next  ages  can  make  it."  It  in  no  way- 
detracts  from  this  admission  with  respect  to  Clement  that  Lightfoot 
regards  him  rather  as  "  the  chief  of  the  presbyters  than  the  chief 
over  presbyters,"  and  consequently  not  in  the  position  of  irrespon- 
sible authority  occupied  by  his  successors,  Eleutherus  (a.D.  177) 
and  Victor  (.\.D.  189),  or  even  by  his  contemporaries,  Ignatius  of 
Antioch  and  Polycarp  of  Smyrna. 

With  X'ictor,  apparently  the  first  Latin  prelate  who  held  the  bish- 
opric of  Rome,  a  new  era  begins.  The  line  of  ecclesiastical  descent 
is  now  clearly  defined,  and  by  the  participation  in  each  consecration 
of  three  or  more  of  the  episcopal  order,  required  b\-  the  early  can- 

1  Gore's  "  Ministry  of  the  Christian  Church,"  chap,  iii.,  p.  119. 

-  Iren.,  iii..  3.  The  dates  we  have  given  to  the  successive  incumbents  of  the  see  of 
Rome  are  from  Lightfoot. 

2  "  Comment.iry  on  the  Philippians, Fhe  Christian  Ministry,"  p.  219. 


/xyA'c>/)CV77u.\:  xxi 

<iii^  and  continued  witli  scrupulous  exactness  till  the  modern  \ie\v 
of  episcopacy  as  held  h\'  the  papac)-  permitted  at  times  the  substi- 
tution of  the  papal  authoi-it_\-  lor  the  presence  of  more  than  a  sint;le 
consecrator,  there  ha\  e  been  knitted  together  the  meshes  of  that  \'ast 
network  which  in  its  comprehensixeness  includes  the  Church's  chief 
rulers  from  the  \  er\-  first,  and  by  the  muliitude  of  interlacing  lines 
of  succession  makes  any  serious  defect  in  the  direct  connection  w  ith 
the  apostles  of  any  individual  bishop  \\ell-ni;^h  imjjossible.  The 
succession  of  bishops  from  the  apostles'  times  is  not  to  be  regartled 
as  a  chain  of  single  links,  the  whole  being  of  no  greater  strength 
than  its  weakest  part,  but  as  a  netwtjrk  or  web  of  interwoven  strands, 
now  innumerable,  which  would  hokl  together  even  if,  to  venture  an 
impossible  supposition,  nine  tenths  of  these  lines  could  be  proved  de- 
fective and  therefore  in\-alid.  In  other  words,  a  possible  defect  in 
one  or  in  a  hundred  of  the  i.lifferent  lines  ot  succession  would  in  no 
way  affect  the  consecration  of  any  bishop  of  our  da\-,  so  inhnite  in 
nuinber  are  the  interlacing  strands  of  the  great  network  uniting  one 
who  has  been  set  apart  for  this  oltice  and  administration  in  the 
Churcli  of  God  with  the  apostles,  and  through  the  apostles  with 
Christ,  the  great  Shepherd  and  l^ishop  of  souls. 

Authorities. — In  addition  to  the  late  bishop  of  Durham's  "  Dis- 
sertation on  the  Christian  Ministry,"  appended  to  his  "  Commen- 
tary on  the  Philippians,"  and  the  many  special  treatises  on  the 
apostolical  succession  by  Perceval,  Haddon,  Elrington,  Morse,  and 
others,  the  latest  and  most  conclusixe  work  on  the  general  subject 
is  that  of  Gore,  "The  Ministry  of  the  Christian  Chui'ch  "  (Riving- 
tons,  London,  i88y).  A  compact  treatise  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  J.  H. 
Barbour,  of  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  Middletown,  Conn., 
is  admirably  arranged  and  deserves  general  reading.  Its  title  is 
"  The  Beginnings  of  the  Historic  Episcopate  Exhibite<l  in  the 
Words  of  Holy  Scripture  and  Ancient  Authors"  (New  York,  E. 
&  J.  B.  Young  &  Co.,  1 88/).  Canon  Liddon,  in  his  sermon  en- 
titled "  A  Father  in  Christ  "  (Ri\-ingtons,  1875),  eft'ectually  disposes 
of  the  arguments  of  the  late  Dr.  Hatch,  in  his  Bampton  Lectures  on 
"  The  Organization  of  Early  Christian  Churches,"  as  well  as  those  of 
a  later  paper  in  the  "  Contem])orary  Rexiew  "  from  the  same  source. 
A  scholarly  and  conclusi\'e  volume,  written  in  Latin,  ijI  upward  of 
si.K  hundred  pages  octa\-o,  gives  in  detail,  and  with  sutticient  ciitical 
apparatus,  both  the  arguments  for  the  apostolical  succession  and  the 
lists  of  bishops  from  the  apostles'  time  to  our  own  day.  The  title 
of  this  work  is  as  follows:  "  De  Successione  Apostolica  necnon  Mis- 
sione  et  Jurisdictione  Hierarchiae  Anglicanse  et  Catholicae,  unacum 
appendicibus  et  indicibus:  auctore  Venerabili  Doctore  Jacobo  Clark, 
Archidiacono  Antiguensi,  Sacellano  Exam.  Dno.  Antiguensi  P'po 
Rectore  Par.  S.  Philippi  in  Antigua.     Georgiopoli  in  Guiana  Bi'itan- 


xxii  Jill:  /■:j'/.scu/'.r//-:  /.v  .imkk/c.l 

nica:  MDCCCXC."  The  third  edition  of  a  clever  compendium  of 
the  argument,  by  the  Kev.  Andrew  Gray,  a  priest  of  the  diocese  of 
Massachusetts,  has  been  publisiied  in  IJoston.  It  is  entitled  "  Apos- 
tolical Succession  in  the  linglish,  Scottish,  and  American  Church, 
from  St.  John  the  Apostle  to  the  Present  Time,  in  the  Line  of  Con- 
secrators.  Taken  from  Authentic  Records."  A  learned  work  by  the 
present  bishop  of  Oxford,  the  eminent  historian  Dr.  William  Stubbs, 
gives  the  succession  in  the  Church  of  ICngland.  The  title  of  this 
work  is  "  Registrum  Sacrum  Anglicanum:  An  Attempt  to  E.xhibit 
the  Course  of  ICpiscopal  Succession  in  ICngland  from  the  Reccn'ds 
and  Chronicles  of  the  Church"  (Oxford,  University  Press,  1858). 


II. 

riiK  iNTkonrcTiox  of  thk  EPiscor.vTi-;  into  niii  uniti:i) 

S'lWTKS. 

Tin-:  American  branch  of  the  Holy  Catholic  Church  recognizes 
the  order  of  bishops  as  existing  from  the  apostles'  time.  She  has 
not  defined  the  functions  pertaining  to  this  order  of  the  sacred  min- 
istry, or  expressly  marked  out  the  limitations  of  its  powers.  She 
refers  to  Scripture  and  ancient  authors  for  the  fact  of  the  existence 
"  from  the  apostles'  time  "  of  this  order  and  office.  In  other  words, 
the  episcopate,  sought  for  and  at  length  secured  b\-  our  fathers,  was 
the  historic  episcopate;  and  in  the  absence  of  any  definition,  in  con- 
stitution, canons,  liturgy,  or  symbols,  of  the  nature  of  this  office  and 
administration,  it  may  be  inferred  that  whate\'er  the  bishop  was,  in 
the  judgment  and  acknowletlgcd  practice  of  the  Church,  the  Ameri- 
can bishop  was  to  be;  so  that  all  rights,  powers,  and  privileges  in- 
hering in  this  office  or  appertaining  to  the  same  were  sought  for 
and  secured  in  obtaining  the  episcopate. 

In  the  efforts  made  for  the  episcopate  we  see  at  the  outset,  and 
throughout  the  struggle,  even  to  the  moment  of  success,  the  hand 
and  head  of  him  who,  as  his  distinguished  successor '  rightly 
claimed,  "  will  be  recognized  as  the  founder  and  wise  master  builder 
of  a  system  of  ecclesiastical  polity  which,  thougli  not  faultless,  is  as 
perfect  as  the  condition  e)f  things  then  admitted,  and  of  which  the 
essential  excellence  is  likely  to  be  demonstrated  b}-  the  progress  of 
e\'ents." 

In  "  The  Case  of  the  I^piscopal  Cluirches  Considered"  Wil- 
liam White  had  argued  that  "  it  may  fairly  be  inferred  that  Episco- 
palians on  this  continent  will  wish  to  institute  among  themselves  an 

1   Bislioj)  .Monzo  Totter. 


I\yA'ODCCT/O.Y.  xxiii 

episcopal  goxernment  as  soon  as  it  shall  appear  practicable,  and  that 
this  government  will  not  be  attended  with  the  danger  of  tyranny, 
either  temporal  or  spiritnal."  The  proposition  "to  include  in  the 
proposed  frame  of  government  a  general  approbation  of  episcopacy, 
and  a  declaration  of  an  intention  to  procure  the  succession  as  soon 
as  conveniently  may  be,  but  in  the  meantime  to  carr}-  the  plan  into 
effect  without  waiting  for  the  succession,"  was  happily  rendered 
unnecessary,  and  the  writer  of  this  pamphlet  became  most  acti\-ely 
concerned  in  securing  this  "  succession  "  for  the  Church  of  which  he 
was  already  a  leading  spirit.  At  the  meeting  of  clergy  and  laity 
convened  in  Philadelphia  on  the  24th  of  May,  17S4,  at  which 
Dr.  White  was  chosen  chairman,  the  lourth  of  the  "  instructiims  or 
fundamental  principles"  adopted  provided  "that  the  succession  of 
the  ministry  be  agreeable  to  the  usage  which  requireth  the  three 
orders  of  bishops,  priests,  and  deacons  ;  that  the  rights  and  powers 
of  the  same,  respecti\'ely,  be  ascertained  ;  and  that  they  be  exercised 
according  to  reasonable  laws,  to  be  duly  made."  In  this  provision 
it  is  ea.sy  to  recognize  the  hand  of  White.  (3ut  ol  the  meeting  of 
May,  1784,  there  grew,  under  the  fostering  care  of  White,  the 
organization  or  "  assuciati<in  "  of  the  "  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  State  of  Pennsyhania."  which  was  effected  on  the  24th  of 
May,  1785.  The  important  document  relating  to  this  named  as  the 
objects  had  in  \-iew  by  the  clergy  and  congregations  in  this  "  act  of 
association"  the  following:  "For  maintaining  uniformit\-  in  dixine 
worship,  for  procuring  the  powers  of  ordination,  and  for  establishing 
and  maintaining  a  system  of  ecclesiastical  go\'ernment."  ' 

In  the  active  correspondence  kept  up  by  White  with  the  leading 
Churchmen  North  and  South  we  find  evidence  of  his  purposes  con- 
cerning the  "succession."  In  a  letter  addressed,  in  1784,  to  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Parker,  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  the  exact  date  of 
which  is  unfortunately  lost.  Dr.  White  thus  expresses  his  views  on 
this  important  matter: 

"  On  the  .subject  of  procuring  the  succession,  I  shall  only  observe  that  if  any  private 
measures  said  to  have  been  undertaken  for  this  end  should  prove  successful,  I  think  the 
whole  Church  should  gladly  avail  itself  of  the  acquisition. 2  If  not,  an  application  to  our 
Mother-Church  from  representatives  of  the  Episcopal  Cluirch  generally  will  be,  surely, 
too  respectable  to  be  slighted  ;  and  such  an  application  might  be  easily  framed  by  corre- 
spondence among  ourselves."  3 

Writing  again  on  the  loth  of  August,  1784,  to  the  same  corre- 
spondent, White  observes : 

"  The  Fundamental  Principles  wiiich  you  have  seen  were  merely  meant  as  instructions 
to  a  committee  in  their  consultations  with  our  l>rethren  in  the  other  States  for  the  fiirm- 


1  Perry's  "  Historical  Notes  and  Documents,"  p.  40. 

2  This  evidently  refers  to  the  election  of  Seabury  by  the  Connecticut  clergy  and  the 
efforts  already  made  abroad  to  secure  his  consecration. 

3  Perry's  "  Historical  Notes  and  Documents,"  p.  60. 


xxiv  THE    El'ISVOrATE    L\  AMERICA. 

ing  a  general  constitution  for  the  continent,  which  we  think  should  be  attempted  before 
we  venture  to  form  a  constitution  for  this  State  in  ])articular.  .  .  .  The  independence 
asserted  is  intended  in  the  most  unlimited  sense;  but  we  do  not  think  this  precludes  us 
from  procuring  a  bishop  from  England,  he  becoming  on  his  arrival  a  citizen  of  the  L'nited 
States.  I'ro))er  measures  for  ]>rocuring  an  episcopate  we  wish  to  see  taken  at  the  ensuing 
meeting  in  New  York  ;  but  as  to  his  support,  I  know  no  source  for  it  but  a  jiarochial 
living."  1 

Tlie  clergy  of  Massacluisetts  and  Rhode  I.sland,  under  the  gui- 
dance of  Parker,  adopted  the  Pennsylvania  Fundamental  Principles 
with  slight  additions,  the  first  of  these  expressing  "  the  opinion  of 
the  Convention  that  this  independence  be  not  construed  or  taken  in 
so  rigorous  a  sense  as  to  e.xchule  the  churches  in  America,  separately 
or  coUectivel)-,  from  applying  for  and  obtaining  from  some  regular 
episcopal  foreign  power  an  American  episcopate." - 

In  tile  letter  accompanying  the  minutes  of  this  Convention,  which, 
though  signed  by  the  moderator,  the  Rev.  J.  Graves,  is  in  the  hand- 
writing and  is  evidently  the  composition  of  Parker,  the  position 
respecting  the  episcopate  expressed  in  the  resolution  is  further 
emphasized : 

■'  .\s  to  the  mode  of  obtaining  \vh:it  wc  stand  in  such  need  of,  we  wish  above  all 
things  to  procure  it  in  the  most  regular  m.inncr,  and  jiarticularly  from  our  mother-church 
in  England.  Whether  any  of  the  bishops  in  England  or  Ireland  would  consecrate  a  per- 
son chosen  among  ourselves  and  sent  there  for  that  ]>urpose,  without  a  mandate  from  the 
king  of  England  or  the  authority  of  her  Parliament,  we  are  at  a  loss  to  determine ;  but  we 
have  no  doubt  that  a  regular  application  made  by  a  representative  body  of  the  Episcopal 
churches  in  .-\merica  would  easily  obtain  a  consecrated  head,  and  in  order  to  do  this  we 
earnestly  wish  a  mode  of  applying  in  some  such  way  as  may  be  immediately  adopted  by 
the  .'Vmerican  churches. 

"  We  are  of  the  opinion  th.at  we  ought  to  leave  no  means  untried  to  procure  a  regular 
succession  of  the  episcopacy  before  we  tliink  of  obtaining  it  in  an  irregular  manner.  To 
accomijlish  this  we  have  chosen  a  committee  of  our  body  to  correspond  with  you  upon 
this,  and  adopt  such  measures  for  the  same  as  may  be  expedient  or  necessary."  3 

The  letter  from  the  Ma.ssachu.setts  and  Rhode  Island  clergy  ex- 
pressed the  sentiments  prevailing  in  Connecticut,  and  which  seem 
to  have  been  current  throughout  New  luigland.  The  conservative 
elements  in  the  North  were  alarmed,  not  only  at  the  proposition,  in 
"The  Case  of  the  Episcopal  Churches  Con.sidered,"  for  "  a  tempo- 
rary departure  from  episcopacy, "but  by  the  radical  measures  adopted 
at  the  southward,  where,  in  Virginia,  anticipatory  canons  were  en- 
acted defining  and  circum.scribing  the  exercise  of  the  episcopal  otTice, 
and  making  the  bishop  not  only  amenable  to  trial  by  the  Con\-en- 
tion,  but  even  liable  to  "  suspension  or  dismission  "  from  office  at  its 
will :  while  in  South  Carolina  it  was  stipulated  that  bishops  should 
not  be  introduced  at  all. 

Prior  to  the  meeting  of  the  Convention  of  the  churches  in  the 
Middle  and  Southern  States  in  1785,  the  efforts  of  the  Connecticut 
clergy  to  secure  an  episcopal  head  had  resulted  in  success.     On  the 

1  Perry's  "  IIist«rical  Notes  and  Documents,"  p.  61. 

2  Ibid.,  p.  63.  3  /^/,/.,  pp.  65,  66. 


H^^  i4  .III  ^ 
^"^^  ill  l^^  t 


^ 


/XTA-OnCf'/VOX.  XXV 

14th  of  Xo\'enibcr,  1784,  at  Abeitlccn,  the  Re\'.  Samuel  Seabury, 
D.U.  Oxon.,  was  consecrateti  the  first  American  bisliop  by  the  bish- 
ops of  the  Cathohc  remainder  of  the  Church  in  Scotland.  Entering 
into  a  concordat  with  the  Church  from  which  he  received  his  epis- 
copal character,  Seabury  lost  no  time  in  beginning  his  work,  and 
was  joyfully  received  by  his  clergy,  the  formal  welcome  being  ex- 
tended in  Convocation  in  Middletown,  /Xugust,  1785.  At  this 
Convocation  in  Middletown  the  churches  in  Massachusetts  and 
Rhode  Island  were  represented  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Parker-,  while 
the  conservative  element  in  New  York  was  represented  by  the 
Rev.  Benjamin  Moore.  Both  of  these  gentlemen  were  frientls  and 
correspondents  of  White,  and  each  had  taken  part  in  the  prelimi- 
nary measures  and  meetings  of  1784,  which  had  prepared  the  way 
for  the  Convention  in  Philadelphia  in  September,  1785.  To  this 
meeting  Bishop  Seabury  and  his  clergy  were  invited ;  but  as  there 
was  no  provision  in  the  F'undamental  Principles  adopted  in 
New  York  at  the  preliminary  meeting  of  i  784  for  the  proper  recog- 
nition of  his  oiifice,  Seabury  courteously  declined  the  invitation,  as 
the  clergy  at  the  southward  did  his  suggestion  that  they  should 
attend  the  meeting  at  Middletown. 

It  is  in  evidence  that  had  there  been  the  provision  that  one  of  the 
episcopal  order,  if  present,  should  preside,  as  was  originally  intended 
by  White,  Bishop  Seabury  would  have  gone  to  Philadelphia  in  i  785, 
as  he  did  later,  in  i  789 ;  but  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  such  a 
step  would  have  been  premature,  and  might  have  absolutely  pre- 
vented, in  place  of  furthering,  the  unity  so  greatly  desired  by  both 
White  and  himself.  There  was  no  little  to  be  done  by  the  states- 
manship and  wise,  conciliatory  measures  of  White  ere  the  conflict- 
ing elements  in  the  Church  could  be  calmed,  aiul  order  arise  out  of 
chaos. 

Prior  to  the  meeting  in  Philadelphia,  letters  from  Bishop  Seabury 
to  Drs.  William  White  and  William  Smith,  the  leading  spirits  in  the 
Convention,  frankly  communicated  information  respecting  the  re- 
jection of  the  Connecticut  application  in  England,  and  offered  the 
bishop's  services  for  the  ordination  of  candidates  until  a  bishop  was 
secured  at  the  southward.  At  the  same  time  the  bishop  objected  to 
the  policy  which  had  obtained  in  the  Conventions  at  the  South  of 
encumbering  their  plans  for  organization  b)^  establishing  so  many 
and  such  precise  fundamental  rules.  He  claimed  that  the  powers 
of  the  bishop  were  too  much  circumscribed,  since  "  government  as 
essentially  pertains  to  bishops  as  ordination."  He  denied  that  "  the 
laity  can  with  any  propriet}'  be  admitted  to  sit  in  judgment  on  bish- 
ops and  presbyters,  especially  when  deposition  may  be  the  event ; 
because  they  cannot  take  away  a  character  which  they  cannot  con- 
fer."    The  bishop  was  careful  to  state  that  he  did  not  think  it  req- 


xxvi  THE    JJ'/SCU/'.fJ/-:   /X  AMEiaCA. 

uisite  liial  the  cluirches  at  the  soiilhuanl  .shoulil  be  modeled  «ii  the 
Churcli  ill  Ci)miecliciil ;  but  lie  earnest!)'  iir^ed  that,  "  in  so  essential 
a  matter  as  churL-h  government  is,  nu  alterations  should  be  made 
that  afTcct  its  foundations."  The  bishop  professed  liimself  ready  "  to 
assist  in  procurin;^  bislio]js  in  y\merica"  so  far  as  he  could  do  this 
consistently.  His  desire  is  stated  as  follows:  "  I  do  most  earnestly 
wish  to  ha\e  our  Church  in  all  the  States  so  settled  that  it  may  be 
one  Church,  united  in  government,  doctrine,  and  discipline;  that 
there  may  be  no  di\isions  among  us,  no  opposition  of  interests,  no 
clashing  of  opinions."  ' 

The  objections  raised  b_\-  the  bishop  of  Connecticut,  and  repeated 
by  the  \enerable  Thomas  Bradbury  Chandler,  of  New  Jersey,  were 
answered  by  the  indefatigable  William  White.  On  the  \er}-  e\e  of 
the  meeting  in  l'liiladel])hia,  Parker  wrote  to  his  correspondent,  in 
reply  to  a  letter  which  iiulicates  that  the  fatal  defect  of  withhold- 
ing the  presidency  of  the  Convention  from  the  episcopal  order  was 
adopted  in  opposition  to  the  wish  of  the  far-seeing  \\  hite.  "  I  am 
sorry,"  White  writes  to  Parker,  "  to  find  that  those  measures  have 
been  so  construed  by  some  of  our  friends  in  lingland  as  if  we  had 
refused  to  the  episcopal  order  the  right  of  precedency  in  our  Con- 
ventions. Probably  you  will  recollect  that  in  the  original  draft  it 
was  provided  the  senior  bishop  present  should  preside  ;  and  that  this 
was  erased,  not  from  the  idea  that  any  other  than  a  bishop  ouglit  to 
be  president,  but  from  an  observation  of  Dr.  S[niith]  tiiat  to  restrain 
it  to  the  senior  bishop  might  be  snnu-tinies  incoinenicnt.  1  wish 
that  the  clause  had  stood." 

Parker's  letter  throws  further  light  on  this  unfortunate  action  :  "  I 
am,  with  you,  equally  sensible  that  the  fifth  of  the  I'"undainental 
Principles  in  the  paper  printed  at  New  ^'llrk  has  operated  much  to 
the  disadvantage  of  that  Conxcnliun.  Had  it  stood  as  I  proposed, 
that  a  bishop  (if  one  in  aii)-  State)  should  be  president,  I  make  no 
doubt  there  would  ha\e  been  one  present,  ^'ou  will  be  at  no  loss 
to  conclude  that  I  mean  Dr.  Seabur}-,  who,  you  must  ere  this 
have  heard,  is  arrived  and  entered  upon  the  exercise  of  his  tfifice  in 
Connecticut.  Being  ])resent  in  Coinocation  at  Middletown  the  4th 
of  August  last,  I  much  urged  his  attending  the  Convention  at  Phil- 
adelphia this  month  ;  but  that  very  article  discouraged  him  so  much 
that  no  arguments  I  could  use  were  sufficient  to  prevail  with  him. 
Had  that  article  stood  as  proposed,  the  gentleman  who  moved  tlie 
amendment  would  not  have  suffered  b\-  it,  nor  the  Convention  been 
stigmatized  as  anti-Episcopalian." - 

The  opening  pages  of  the  "  Journal  "  of  the  Convention  at  Phil- 
adelphia in  I  785  bring  to  our  notice  a  proposed  "  Plan  for  Obtaining 
the  Consecration  of  Bishops,  together  with  an  Address  to  the  Most 

1   Perry's  "  Historical  Notes  and  Documents,"  pp.  76-S2.  -  Ibnt.,  pp.  89,  go. 


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/.Vy'A'OlH'C770X.  xxvii 

Re\'ereiui  the  Archbishops  and  the  Rii^ht  Re\-erend  the  Bishops  of 
the  Church  of  liiiglaiui,  for  that  purpose."  ' 

The  Plan  and  the  Address  attest  the  wide-spread  desire  of  the 
Churchmen  represented  in  this  Con\-ention  for  the  episcopate  as  a 
necessary  bond  of  union.  They  further  prove  the  preference  of  the 
churches  of  the  Middle  and  Southern  States  for  the  succession  in 
the  Enghsh  line.  Recognizing  as  the  acknowledged  hindrance  to 
the  success  of  Dr.  Seabury's  application  to  the  luiglish  prelates  the 
lack  of  evidence  of  the  concurrence  of  tiie  ci\il  authorities  and  the 
cooperation  of  the  laity  in  the  effort  for  the  succession,  they  di- 
rected the  attention  of  the  State  Conventions  to  measures  for  tiie 
removal  of  this  obstacle.  Proofs  of  the  desire  of  the  laity  for  the 
introduction  of  the  episcopate  were  to  be  provided,  and  documents 
certifying  the  concurrence  of  the  State  authorities  in  the  proposed 
measures,  or  at  least  attesting  the  absence  of  any  constitutional  or 
legislative  bar  to  the  introduction  of  episcopacy,  were  to  be  obtained 
from  the  various  ci\il  rulers.  In  true  republican  simplicit)',  and  for 
the  remo\-al  of  popular  prejudices,  the  framers  of  the  Plan  sought 
to  prevent,  in  the  concluding  paragraph,  the  assumption  on  the  part 
of  future  bishops  of  the  lordly  titles  of  the  PInglish  prelates — a  prop- 
osition not  infrequently,  though  erroneously,  quoted  as  of  authority 
at  the  present  day. 

The  Address  to  the  luiglish  prelates  was  nianl_\-  and  dignified. 
Bishop  White  informs  us-  that  this  paper  and  the  l^lan  itself,  "as 
they  stand  on  the  '  Journals,'  "  were  his  own  composition,  "  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  \erbal  alterations."  It  e.xpressed  the  "  earnest 
desire  and  resolution  "  of  "  the  members  of  our  communion  "  "  t(j 
retain  the  venerable  form  of  episcopal  go\ernment,  handed  down 
to  them,  as  they  concei\'ed,  from  the  time  of  the  apostles;  and  en- 
deared to  them  by  the  remembrance  of  the  holy  bishops  of  tlie 
primiti\'e  Church,  of  the  blessed  martyrs  who  reformed  the  Church 
of  luigland,  and  of  the  many  great  and  pious  jjrelates  who  ha\e 
adorned  that  Church  in  e\-er)'  succeeding  age."  Its  plea  was 
summed  up  in  these  words:  "  The  petition  which  we  offer  to  your 
venerable  body  is  that,  from  a  tender  regard  to  the  religious  inter- 
ests of  thousands  in  this  rising  empire,  professing  the  same  religious 
principles  with  the  Church  of  England,  you  will  be  pleased  to  con- 
fer the  episcopal  character  on  such  persons  as  shall  be  recommended 
by  this  Church  in  the  se\-eral  States  here  represented  ;  full  satisfac- 
tion being  given  of  the  sufficiency  of  the  persons  recommended,  and 
of  its  being  the  intention  of  the  general  body  of  the  Episcopalians 
in  the  said  States,  respectively,  to  receive  them  in  the  qualit)'  of 
bishops." 

'   Perry's  "  Reprinted  Journals.,"  i.,  19. 

-  "  Memoirs  of  tlie  Churcli,"  second  edition,  p.   loi. 


xxviii  lllli    El'ISCOrATE   1\  AMERICA. 

Reference  is  felicitously  made  to  the  possibility  of  obstacles  aris- 
ing from  political  complications ;  and  stress  is  laid  on  the  fact  that 
in  view  of  the  separation  of  Church  and  State  the  civil  rulers  of  the 
United  States  cannot  unite  otliicially  in  the  application  for  the  epis- 
copal succession.  The  Address  closes  with  a  graceful  as  well  as 
grateful  acknowledgment  of  the  kind  offices  rendered  by  the  Eng- 
lish hierarchy  and  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  to 
the  American  Church,  to  which,  under  God,  its  "  prosperity  is  in 
an  eminent  degree  to  be  ascribed." 

It  was  in  this  Address  that,  as  Hislio])  White  asserts,  "  a  foinulation 
was  thus  laid  for  the  procuring  of  the  present  episcopacy."  "  To 
ha\e  abandoned  the  episcoj)al  succession,"  writes  Bishop  White  in 
his  "  Memoirs  of  the  Ciuirch,"  "  would  have  been  in  opposition  to 
jirimilive  order  and  ancient  habits,  and,  besides,  would  at  least  ha\e 
dixiiled  the  Church.  To  have  had  recourse  to  Scotland,  inde])en- 
dently  of  the  objections  entertained  against  the  political  principles  of 
the  nonjurors  of  that  country,  would  not  have  been  proper,  without 
previous  disappointment  on  a  request  made  to  the  mother-church. 
Another  resource  remained,  in  foreign  ordination;  which  had  been 
made  the  easier  by  the  act  of  the  l^ritish  Parliament,  passed  in  the 
preceding  year,  to  enable  the  bishop  of  London  to  ordain  citizens 
or  subjects  of  foreign  countries  without  exacting  the  usual  oaths. 
But  besides  that  this  would  ha\-e  kept  the  Church  under  the  same 
hardships  whicii  had  heretofore  existed,  and  had  been  so  long 
complained  of,  dependence  on  a  foreign  country  in  spirituals,  when 
there  had  taken  place  independence  in  temporals,  is  what  no  pru- 
dent person  would  ha\'e  pleaded  for." 

The  reply  of  the  English  prelates  was  courteous  but  cautious,  and, 
in  fact,  non-committal.  It  was  prepared  by  the  archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  and  was  signed  by  the  two  archbishops  and  the  bish- 
ops of  London,  Chichester,  Bath  and  Wells,  St.  Asaph,  Salisbury, 
Peterborough,  Ely,  Rochester,  Worcester,  O.xford,  ICxeter,  Lincoln, 
Bangor,  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  Gloucester,  St.  Uaxid's,  and  Bris- 
tol. The  letter  expresses  the  wish  of  the  English  prelates  to  pro- 
mote the  spiritual  welfare  of  their  "  ICpiscopal  brethren  in  America," 
and  their  desire  to  be  instrumental  in  procuring  for  them  "  the 
complete  exercise  of  our  holy  religion,  and  the  enjoyment  of  that 
ecclesiastical  constitution  "  which  they  believed  "  to  be  truly  apos- 
tolical," and  for  which  the  letter  of  request  expressed  "  so  unreserved 
a  \eneration."  The  archbishop  did  not  conceal  his  satisfaction  that 
"  this  pious  design  "  was  "  not  likely  to  receive  any  discountenance 
from  the  civil  powers"  in  America,  and  promised  "  the  best  endea- 
vors" of  the  English  prelates  "  to  acquire  a  legal  capacity  of  com- 
plying with  the  prayer"  of  the  American  Address.  At  the  same 
time,  and  with  every  allowance  for  the  difficulties  of  the  situation. 


/.yrA'ODl  C 77 Ci.y.  xxix 

the  fear  is  expressed  that  in  the  proceetHnL;s  of  the  Coinxiition 
"some  alterations  may  ha\e  been  adoptetl  vr  intended  which  those 
difficulties  do  not  seem  t<>  justity."  In  \ie\v  of  the  fact  that  these 
alterations  are  not  mentioned  in  tlie  Address,  and  that  the  know- 
ledL;e  of  their  nature  possessed  by  the  bisliops  in  hLn^jhind  had 
reached  them  "  throuL;h  priwite  and  less  certain  channels,"  the  f)ish- 
ops  thous^ht  it  but  just  to  "  wait  fur  an  explanation."  "  v\nxious 
to  give  every  proof,"  not  onl_\-  of  "  brotherl)-  affection,"  but  also  of 
facility  in  forwardiny'  the  wishes  of  their  American  brethren,  they 
felt  that  they  could  not  "hut  be  extremely  cautious  lest"  they 
"  should  be  the  instruments  ot  establishing  an  ecclesiastical  system  " 
which  "  cmdd  be  called  a  branch  of  the  Church  of  England,  but 
afterward"  might  "possibly  appear  to  ha\'e  departed  from  it  essen- 
tialh',  either  in  doctrine  or  discipline." 

The  correspondence  between  the  Philadelphia  Convention  and 
the  primate  had  been  carried  on  through  the  kindly  interxention  ot 
the  celebrated  John  Ailams,  the  American  minister  at  the  court  of 
St.  James.  Mr.  Adams,  although  connected  with  the  Congrega- 
tional body  of  Massachusetts,  and  coming  from  a  State  where  the 
opposition  to  the  introduction  of  episcopacy  into  America  had  been 
more  decided  than  elsewhere — the  a\-ersion  to  the  measure  being 
occasioned  by  religious  as  well  as  political  prejudices — undertook 
this  office  of  furthering  the  t)b!ect — which  the  celebrated  Samuel 
Atiams  had  tleclareil  to  be  a  moving  cause  of  the  war  tor  indepen- 
dence— with  an  alacrity  and  enthusiasm  most  honorable  to  the  man 
and  to  his  freedom  from  religious  or  pi_)litical  prejudices.  He  de- 
li\ered  the  Address  to  the  archbishop  in  person,  and  by  his  personal 
efforts  in  public  and  [jriwite  greath-  facilitated  the  progress  of  the 
measure.  It  was  through  Mr.  Adams  that  the  reply  of  the  arch- 
bishops and  bishops  was  transmitted  to  Dr.  White.  That  the  office 
thus  kindly  undertaken  was  one  liable  to  misconception,  and  that 
the  prejudices  against  the  introductii.>n  ol  the  episcopate  were  not 
wholly  allayed,  making  the  service  renderetl  by  the  American  min- 
ister the  more  valuable  and  effecti\e,  ma_\' be  inferred  fidin  the  lan- 
guage used  by  Mr.  Adams  nearly  thirty  years  afterward,  when  I'e- 
ferring  to  his  share  in  the  successful  effort  tor  securing  the  episcopate 
for  America.  "  Tliere  is  no  part  of  my  life,"  writes  ex-I'resident 
Adams  to  Bishop  White,  under  date  of  October  29,  1.S14,  "on 
which  I  hxik  back  and  reflect  with  more  satisfaction  than  tlie  part 
I  took,  bold,  daring,  and  hazardous  as  it  was  to  myself  and  mine,  in 
the  introduction  of  the  episcopacy  into  America." 

There  had  been  an  active  correspondence  kept  up  by  William 
White  and  prominent  English  friends  from  the  very  moment  of  the 
cessation  of  hostilities  between  Great  Britain  and  the  independent 
States  of  America.      The  letters  which  passed  between  Dr.  Inglis, 


XXX  THE   EI'lSCOrAlE   JX  AMEKICA. 

fornurl\-  nf  Trinity,  New  York,  and  later  the  first  Hritisli  culcuiial 
bisliop,  the  celebrated  Philadeli)hia  refti<(ee  clertfyman,  the  l\.e\-. 
Jacob  Diiche,  together  witli  the  Re\-.  Dr.  Alexander  Murra)-,  wlio 
had,  for  a  time,  been  the  missionary  of  the  Venerable  Society  at 
Reading,  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  \\'hite,  the  leading  spirit  in  the 
measures  now  rife  for  the  organization  and  per])etiiation  ot  the 
American  Church,  are  full  of  interest  and  throw  no  little  light  on 
tiie  inner  workings  of  the  plan  to  secure  the  episcopate.  Beginning 
with  the  appearance  of  "  The  Case  of  the  l'2piscopal  Churches  Con- 
sidered," the  letters  from  these  English  correspondents  became  most 
important  in  acquainting  White,  informally  and  often  confidentially, 
with  tlifficulties  arising  from  misapi^rehensions  of  the  steps  taken  in 
America,  or  from  fears  entertained  of  the  doctrinal  unsoundness  or 
moral  unfitness  of  .some  who  were  known,  or  supjjosed,  to  be  can- 
didates for  the  office  of  bishop  in  the  American  Churcii. 

The  loxalist  clergy  in  London,  who  were  naturally  in  the  confi- 
dence of  the  archbishop  and  the  leading  dignitaries  of  the  Establish- 
ment, w  ere  soon  able  to  assure  their  correspondent  in  Philadelphia 
that  a  ])roper  application  for  the  episcopate  would  be  fa\orably  re- 
garded. The  passage  of  the  act  of  Parliament  authorizing  the  dis- 
pensing with  the  usual  oaths  in  the  case  of  American  candidates 
for  orders  gave  further  assurance  of  a  kindly  interest  in  the  rising 
American  Church.  The  needs  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States 
became  a  matter  of  interest  ami  discussion  in  the  public  press. 
Pamphlets  were  published  on  the  subject  by  leading  men,  such  as 
the  celebrated  philanthropist,  Granville  Sharp,  Esq.,  a  grandson  of 
a  former  archbishop  of  York.  The  offices  not  alone  of  Mr.  Adams, 
the  American  minister,  but  also  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  F"rank- 
lin,  then  in  Paris,  were  in\-oked.  The  proper  foundation  of  the  in- 
dependent American  Church,  and  its  coinpletion,  by  the  gift  of  the 
succession,  seem  to  have  occu])icd  the  tlmughts,  the  labors,  and 
the  prayers  of  the  leading  men  in  Church  and  State  at  this  critical 
period. 

At  length  the  correspondents  of  William  White  were  able  to 
write  definitely  as  well  as  encouragingly.  Miirra}'  begins  his  com- 
munication of  the  llth  of  March,  1786,  with  the  prophetic  words: 
"  I  would  fain  hope  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  I  shall  ha\-e 
the  honiir  of  addressing  you  as  Kis^ht  Rcvrrcud."  He  ])roceeds: 
"  Mr.  .\ilams  has  finally  obviated  all  political  objections  to  your 
application,  and  reconciled  the  king,  the  members,  and  the  whole 
bench  of  bishops  to  it."  It  was  a  relief  to  find  that  the  alterations 
in  the  Prayer-book,  comprising  what  is  now  known  as  the  Proposed 
]?ook,  were  "  not  yet  approved,  but  only  proposed  and  recom- 
mended." As  Bishop  \Vhitc  informs  us,  it  was  "the  omission  of 
Christ's  descent  into  hell,  in  the  Apostles"  Creed,"  as  gi\en  in  the 


IXTA'ODrCT/OX.  xxxi 

Proposed  Book,  tliat  was  speciall_\-  distasteful  to  the  Iui;4lish  prel- 
ates, tliough  this  objection  was  iirgei.1  only  by  the  bishop  of  ]5ath 
and  Wells,  Dr.  Moss.  The  failure  of  the  archbishops  and  bishops 
to  receive  the  advance  sheets  of  the  Proposed  Book  (which,  thouL;h 
sent  to  them  from  time  to  time  as  the  work  was  hurried  thrciUL;h 
the  press,  failed,  throuL^h  some  mischance,  to  reach  their  destination) 
occasioned  the  "  caution  "  which  Bishup  White  notices  as  character- 
izing the  English  prelates'  reply.  ]-",\en  in  the  United  States  there 
was  a  lack  of  unanimity  in  this  efl'ort  to  remove  the  reference  to 
the  descent  into  hell  from  the  Apostles'  Creed.  Both  at  the  North 
and  the  South  it  was  felt  that  such  radical  changes  were  likely  to 
prejudice  the  success  of  the  application  in  England  for  the  episco- 
pate, and  also  imperil  the  unit\-  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States. 
A  very  large  number  of  Churchmen  sympathized  with  the  bishop 
of  Connecticut  and  the  conservative  element  in  New  England,  New 
York,  and  New  Jersey.  All  these  deprecated  any  liturgical  changes 
from  the  PLnglish  book,  or  doctrinal  departure  from  the  standards 
of  the  mother-church.  This  was  deemed,  to  quote  the  language  of 
Parker,  of  Boston,  addressed  to  Dr.  White,  "  in  direct  \iolation  of 
the  fourth  Fundamental  Principle  agreed  on  by  the  Convention  in 
New  York"  in  1784.  This  principle  provided  that  the  American 
Church  should  maintain  the  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  England, 
and  adhere  to  the  liturgy  of  that  Church  so  far  as  consistent  with 
the  American  Re\'olution  and  the  constitutions  of  the  respective 
States. 

A  confidential  letter  fri>m  the  Re\-.  Dr.  Inglis,  to  whom  alone  the 
archbishop's  letter  had  been  communicated,  to  Dr^  White,  under 
date  of  June  6,  I  786,  expressed  the  satisfaction  of  the  ICngiish  liish- 
ops  at  finding,  on  the  recei]jt  of  the  Proposed  Book,  "  that  the  great 
essential  doctrines  of  Christianity"  were  "preserved;  particularly 
the  doctrine  of  the  hol_\'  Trinit_\-  and  our  Savi(.)ur's  atonement." 
The  archbishop  of  Canterbury  had  now  "taken  up  the  business 
with  greater  zeal,"  and  was  ab(.)ut  to  ajjply  for  an  act  of  Parliament 
authorizing  the  consecration  of  bishops  for  America.  The  condi- 
tions required  by  the  archbishops  and  bishops,  as  stated  by  Dr. 
Inglis,  were  these  :  "  (i)  A  restoration  of  the  article  which  has  been 
expunged  out  of  the  Apostles'  Creed.  (2)  A  restoration  of  the 
Nicene  and  Athanasian  creeds,  so  far,  at  least,  as  to  lea\e  tlie  use 
of  them  discretional.  (3)  Securing  to  the-  future  bishops  that  just 
and  permanent  authority  which  is  not  only  necessar_\'  for  the  right 
discharge  of  their  duty  and  the  benefit  of  the  Church,  but  which 
is  wai'ranted  by  Holy  Scripture  and  the  practice  of  the  Christian 
Church  in  e\-ery  period  of  its  existence.  And  (4)  proper  testi- 
monials, such  as  the  peculiarity  of  the  case  demands,  of  the  compe- 
tency in  point  of  learning,  the  unblemishetl  moral  character,  and  the 


xxxii  I  III-:  J-.nSCOI'.ll  E  IX  amekica. 

souikIiicss  in  tlic  failli,  of  those  who  may  be  sent  over  for  consecra- 
tion." '  l'rr)cee(Ung  to  cHsciiss  these  conditions,  Dr.  Inglis  gi\es  us 
some  liglit  on  the  action  taken  in  New  \'ori<,  to  which,  as  we  have 
seen,  Dr.  I'arker,  of  Boston,  so  strenuously  excepted: 

"  Willi  ri-garil  to  your  future  bishop's  pernKinent  authority,  I  consider  it  as  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  peace,  order,  and  gootl  government  of  your  churches.  \\  hen  I  first  saw 
the  regulation  niaile  on  this  head  I  was  astonished  how  any  jieople  professing  themselves 
members  of  an  Kpiscopal  church  could  thinU  of  degrading  their  bishop  in  such  a  manner. 
No  episcopal  jiower  whatever  is  reserved  for  him  but  that  of  ori/iiialioii,  and  perhaps  con- 
firmation. He  is  only  a  iiu-mber,  ex  ojjicio,  of  the  Convention  where  he  resides,  but  is  not 
to  take  the  chair,  or  preside,  unless  he  is  asUed  ;  whereas  such  pn-siiieiicy  is  as  essential 
to  his  character  as  onliiirttion.  St.  I'aul's  bishop  was  to  receive  and  judge  of  accusations 
brought  .igainst  presbyters,  as  hath  been  the  case  of  bishops  ever  since;  but  your  bishop 
ha.s  nothing  to  do  with  such  matters — the  Convention,  consisting  mostly  of  laymen,  are 
to  receive  and  judge  of  accusations  against  him.  In  short,  his  barber  may  shave  him  in 
the  morning,  and  in  the  afternoon  vote  him  out  of  his  office. 

"  I  w.is  astonished,  I  say,  at  this  regulation,  and  could  not  account  for  the  clergy's 
agreeing  to  it ;  but  my  astonishment  ceased  when  I  was  assured  liy  a  letter  from  America 
that  all  the  clergy  excejn  one  ojijiosed  it,  but  were  outvoted,  or  overawed  into  a  compli- 
ance, by  the  laity.  This  accounted  for  the  matter  ;  it  is  only  one  of  the  evils  which  I  fore- 
saw would  .attend  the  introduction  of  so  manv  lavmen  into  Conventions;  anil  be  assured 
it  will  l>e  followed  by  many  others." 

The  Coincntion  of  the  ICpiscopal  churclies  of  the  Midille  and 
Southern  States  met  in  Phihideiphia  in  June,  1786.  It  assembled. 
Bishop  White  informs  us,  "  under  circumstances  which  bore  strong- 
appearances  of  a  dissohition  of  the  union  in  this  stage  of  it."  There 
contributed  to  this  state  of  afTairs  several  circumstances.  The  "  in- 
terfering instructions  from  tiie  churches  in  the  different  States  " — 
each  of  these  churclies  being  independent  of  the  others  and  each 
cherishing  its  own  notions  as  to  the  organization  and  perpetuation 
of  the  Chinxh — afforded  one  source  of  danger.  The  "  embarrass- 
ment which  had  arisen  from  the  rejection  of  the  Proposed  Book  in 
some  of  the  States  and  the  use  of  it  in  others,"  together  with  the 
almo.st  universal  disposition  to  revise  still  further  this  revision  and 
amend  its  proposed  amendments,  afforded  another  source  of  appre- 
hension. There  had  grosvn  up  in  the  minds  of  some,  notably 
through  the  influence  of  the  patriot  Brovoo.st,  the  Whig  rector  of 
Trinity,  New  York,  a  spirit  of  opposition  to  the  bishop  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  a  disposition  to  discredit  the  source  whence  he  had  received 
the  episcopate;  and  the  warmth  of  feeling  thus  engendered  threat- 
ened the  lasting  .separation  of  the  Churchmen  in  America.  The  un- 
willingness of  the  Church  in  South  Carolina  to  receive  a  bi.shop  at 
all,  and  the  growing  indifference  in  Virginia  to  the  adoption  of  mea- 
sures for  securing  the  succession,  indicated  a  lack  of  Churchl>-  senti- 
ment and  an  indifference  to  religion  it.self  most  discouraging.  '1  he 
attempts  of  the  able  but  erratic  Dr.  William  Smith,  of  Maryland,  to 
obtain  the  episco])ate  of  the  Church  in  that  State,  and  the  attitude 

'    l'cn\'s  •■  Historical  Notes  and  DocmiieiUs"  p.  302. 


/xvA'ODrcy/o.v.  xxxiii 

of  Provoost,  of  New  York,  toward  th<isc  of  his  brethi'L-n  who  were 
in  sympathy  witli  Seabur_\-  and  the  New  England  Churchmen, 
were  elements  of  weakness  in  the  union  of  the  churches  of  tlie 
Middle  and  Southern  States.  Remonstrances  from  the  conser\a- 
tive  Churchmen  of  New  Jerse\"  had  been  addressed  to  the  Conxen- 
tion,  deprecating  the  radical  measures  already  taken.  It  was  evi- 
dent that  there  was  no  jjrospect  of  securing  any  cooperation  from 
New  England  in  their  further  efTorts  for  organization.  I'arker,  lA 
Boston,  had  expressed  his  conxiction  that  the  Scotch  successi(.)n  was 
less  likely  to  excite  prejudice  than  that  of  England,  at  this  time. 
"  In  these  Northern  States,"  he  wrote  to  Dr.  White,"  I  much  doul)t 
whether  a  bishop  from  England  would  be  recei\-ed,  so  great  is  tlir 
jealousy  still  existing  of  the  British  nation.  Of  a  Scotch  jjishop 
there  can  be  no  suspicions,  because,  wholly  unconnected  with  the 
civil  powers  themseh'es,  they  could  intrtnluce  none  into  these  States. 
Were  it  not  for  these  reasons  I  frankly  confess  I  shouh.l  rather  have 
the  succession  from  the  English  Church,  to  which  we  ha\e  alwax's 
been  accustomed  to  look  as  children  to  a  parent."  ' 

Besides  these  unpromising  circumstances,  the  cauti(.>n  so  evident 
in  the  letter  of  the  English  ]irelates,  and  the  question  whether  the 
conditions  they  laid  down  wmld  be  granted  by  the  Con\ention, 
added  to  the  difficulties  of  the  situation.  One  man  alone  in  the 
midst  of  these  complications  pursued  the  even  tenor  of  his  wa_\-. 
William  White  never  lost  heart  ;  ne\er  remitted  his  exertions  in  the 
interest  of  the  Church  of  which  he  was  now  confessedly  the  leading- 
spirit.  Correcting  misapprehensions,  o\-ercoming  opposition,  remo\-- 
ing  prejudices,  he  labored  with  one  single  end  and  aim  in  \iew  It 
was  for  the  Church  of  God  that  he  workeil  untiringl_\-,  and  we  may 
well  bless  God  for  his  patient  toil  and  well-deser\X'd  success. 

The  conflicting  instructions  to  the  dei.uities  accredited  to  the 
Convention  of  June,  i  jSf),  from  their  respective  constituencies, 
were  skilfulh"  gotten  o\er  b_\-  their  reference  "to  the  first  Conven- 
tion which  should  meet,  fullv  authorized  to  determine  on  a  Book  of 
Common  Prayer."  This  adroit  use  of  a  rule  of  parliamentar\-  i)ro- 
cedure  was  the  suggestion  of  William  ^A'hite.  It  was  through  this 
expedient  that,  as  White  expressed  it,  "  the  instructions,  far  from 
proving  injurious,  had  the  contrar>-  efl'ect,  by  showing  as  well  tlie 
necessity  of  a  duly  constituted  ecclesiastical  body  as  the  futilit\-  ot 
taking  measures  to  be  re\  iewed  and  authoritati\-ely  judged  ol  in  the 
bodies  of  which  we  were  the  deputie'^.  Such  a  system  appeared 
so  evidently  fruitful  of  discord  and  tlistniion  that  it  was  abandoned 
from  this  time."-  The  same  judicious  delay  of  definite  action  with 
respect  to  the  Proposed  Book  removed  the  embarrassment  threat- 

1  Pcrrv'--  ■■  Historiial  Nnit".  ami  1  iccuiiinits,"  i>.  ,;0Q. 

2  \Vliitc\  ■■  Memoirs  of  the  (.'liunli."  He  c.'usta's  e.lition.  p.   i.qi. 


xxxiv  'I'lll-l    EriSCOI'AJE   /.V  AMEKJCA. 

encd  by  tlie  acceptance  in  simie  tiuarters,  and  the  rejection  in 
others,  of  this  crude  and  hasty  compilation.  In  the  settlement  of 
the  question  of  the  Scotch  succession,  which  was  only  indirectly  at- 
tacked, the  conservatism  and  Christian  courtesy  of  William  White 
were  specially  apparent.  The  opposition  to  the  Scottish  episcopate 
was,  so  far  as  the  clerical  deputies  were  concerned,  confined  to  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Provoost,  afterward  first  bishop  of  New  York,  and 
the  Rev.  Robert  Smith,  afterward  first  bishop  of  South  Carolina. 
Personal  aiul  political  prejudices  seem  to  lia\-e  had  their  influence  in 
this  attem])t  to  throw  discredit  on  the  source  whence  Scabur)-  had 
obtained  the  cjjiscopate.  The  Convention  was  barely  organized 
when  the  Rc\-.  Robert  Smith  introduced  a  resolution  "  That  the 
clergy  present  produce  their  letters  of  orders,  or  declare  by  whom 
they  were  ordained."  This  motion  was  aimed  at  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Pilmore,  a  convert  from  the  Methodists,  who  had  received  orders 
from  Seabury,  and  the  Re\-.  \\'illiani  Smith,'  of  Stepney  parish, 
Md.,  and  afterward  of  Newjiort,  R.  I.,  and  Xorwalk,  Conn.,  who 
had  been  ordained  in  Scotland  by  a  bisho])  of  the  Church  from 
which  Seabury  had  received  consecration.  The  judicious  applica- 
tion of  the  "previous  question"  ])rc\cnted  the  discussion  which  it 
was  anticipated  would  grow  out  of  this  motion,  and  the  resolution 
itself  was  lost. 

Provoost,  not  satisfied  with  this  expression  of  the  temper  of  the 
Con\-ention,  offered  the  following  resolution  :  "  That  this  Convention 
will  resolve  to  do  no  act  that  shall  imply  the  validity  of  ordinations 
made  by  Dr.  Seabury."  Again  the  "  previous  question  "  cut  off  dis- 
cussion, and  the  motion  itself  was  determined  in  the  negative.  So 
determined  was  the  feeling  of  opposition  to  Dr.  Seabury  indicated 
by  these  motions  that  action  of  some  kind  could  not  be  avoided, 
and  consequently  a  compromise  resolution  offered  by  Dr.  White 
was  unanimously  adopted.  This  motion  provided  "That  it  be 
recommended  to  this  Church,  in  the  States  here  represented,  not  to 
receive  to  the  pastoral  charge,  within  their  respective  limits,  clergy- 
men professing  canonical  subjection  to  any  bishop  in  any  State  or 
country  other  than  those  bishops  who  may  be  duly  settled  in  the 
States  represented  in  this  Convention."  This  resolution,  as  explained 
by  Dr.  White  himself,  was  pressed  with  a  view  of  meeting  the 
charge,  made  on  the  floor  of  Convention,  that  clergymen  ordained 
under  the  Scotch  succession  were  under  canonical  subjection  to  the 
bishop  who  ordained  them,  even  though  they  might  reside  outside 
of  the  limits  of  his  see.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Pilmore,  the  only  one  of  the 
deputies  who  had  received  orders  from  the  bishop  of  Connecticut, 
"  denied  that  any  such  thing  had  been  exacted  of  him,"  and  the 
resolution  (for  which,  as  Bishop  White  is  careful  to  state,  there  was 

1  The  compiler  of  the  Institution  Office,  originally  known  a.s  the  Induction  Office. 


/X7V:ODrC//(I.V.  xxxv 

ne\'er  "any  ground"  other   than  "in   the  apprehension  which   has 
been  expressed  ")  was  adoptetl  without  opposition. 

On  the  following  day  the  Rev.  Robert  Smith  returned  tc)  the  sub- 
ject and  offered  the  following  resolution,  whicli,  e\"iilentl\'  regariled 
by  the  Convention,  as  Bishop  White  informs  us,  as  a  "temperate 
guarding"  against  a  possible  difficult}',  was  unanimously  adopted: 

"  J'!(Sohcd,  That  it  lie  reconimenik'il  to  tlic  rnnvuntioiis  uf  tlie  Clmrtli  represfntrcl  in 
its  General  Convention,  not  to  admit  any  jierson  as  a  minister,  within  tlieir  respective 
limits,  who  shall  receive  ordination  from  any  bishop  residing  in  America  dining  tlie  ap- 
plication now  pending  to  the  English  bishops  for  episcopal  consecration." 

This  matter  disposed  of,  the  Convention  proceeded  to  the  consid- 
eration of  the  letter  from  the  I'.nglish  bishops.  Resolutions  express- 
ing the  "  gratefid  sense  of  the  Christian  affection  and  condescension 
manifested  in  this  letter"  were  adopted,  and  with  this  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  kindness  of  the  Mnglish  prelates  the  application  for  the 
succession  was  renewed,  coupled  with  fresh  assurances  of  attach- 
ment to  the  system  of  the  Church  of  England.  The  reijl_\-  to  the 
archbishops  and  bishops  was  originalh'  drafted  by  Dr.  \\  illiam 
Smith,  but  this  paper  being  deemed  "too  full  of  compliment,  '  it 
was,  on  the  motion  of  the  lion.  John  Ja_\-,  considerabl)-  modified  in 
tone  and  language.  As  tinall\-  ailopteil,  it  expressed  a  grateful  ap- 
preciation of  the  father!}-  sentiments  contained  in  this  letter  of  the 
English  prelates;  it  reiterated  the  assurance  that  there  was  no  ])ur- 
pose  in  America  "  of  departing  from  the  constituent  principles  of  the 
Church  of  England  "  ;  it  claimed  that  no  alterations  or  omissions  had 
been  made  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  but  such  as  were  neces- 
sary to  make  it  consistent  with  the  ci\'il  constitutions,  or  "  such  as 
were  calculated  to  remove  objections"  on  the  part  of  the  people  of 
the  United  States.  The  "  proposed  ecclesiastical  constitution  and 
Book  of  Common  Prayer"  accompanied  this  renewed  request  tor 
the  succession,  and  the  alterations  and  modifications  of  the  former 
made  this  second  application  more  acceptable.  As  Bishop  White 
observes,  referring  particidarl}-  to  the  development  of  a  more  conser- 
vative and  Churchly  spirit,  as  seen  in  the  fidler  recognition  of  epis- 
copal character  and  dignity  by  this  Convention  :  "  In  the  preced- 
ing year  the  points  alluded  to  were  determined  on  with  too  much 
warmth,  and  without  investigation  proportioned  to  the  importance 
of  the  subjects.  The  decisions  of  that  day  were  now  reversed, 
not  to  say  without  a  division,  but  without  even  an  opposition." 
It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  these  constitutional  changes  in  the 
direction  of  conservative  Churchmanship  were  introduced  by  Dr. 
White  and  carried  through  his  infitience.  These  alterations  gave 
to  the  bishop,  if  present,  the  presidency  of  the  Convention,  and  re- 
quired the  bishop's  presence  at  all  ecclesiastical  trials,  giving  to  him 


xxxvi  THE   El'ISCOrATE   l.\  AMERICA. 

tlie  sole  riylu  of  pronoiincintf  the  "  sentence  of  deposition  or  degra- 
datii)n  on  any  clergyman,  whether  bishop  or  presbyter  or  deacon." 

Bishop  White,  who  gi\es  us  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  the  Church  "  the 
unwritten  history  of  this  period,  specifies  as  among  the  chief  means 
of  securing  the  moderation  in  tone  and  temper  for  which  this  Con- 
vention was  noticeable  the  presentation  of  a  memorial  from  the 
Convention  of  New  Jersey,  drawn  up,  as  was  "  afterward  learned 
with  certaintj-,"  by  the  learned  and  devout  Dr.  Thomas  Bradbury 
Ciiandler,  of  Klizabethtown,  and  couched  in  language  both  conser- 
vative and  conclusive.  This  memorial  urged  the  General  Conven- 
tion to  revise  the  proceedings  of  the  meeting  of  1785,  and  to  "  re- 
move every  cause  that  may  have  excited  any  jealousy  or  fear  that 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  have  any 
intention  or  desire  essentially  to  depart,  either  in  doctrine  or  disci- 
pline, from  the  Church  of  ICngland."  l^ishop  White  regards  this 
letter  as  "  among  the  causes  which  prevented  the  disorganizing  of" 
"  the  American  Church,"  since  its  arguments  must  have  con\inced 
the  deputies  "  that  the  result  of  considerable  changes  would  have 
been  the  disunion  of  the  Church." 

Shortly  after  the  rising  of  the  Con\eiui(in  there  came  into  the 
hands  of  Dr.  White  a  communication  from  the  archbishops  of  Can- 
terbury and  York,  which  was  followed  by  a  letter  from  the  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  alone,  inclosing  a  recent  act  of  Parliament 
authorizing  the  consecration  of  bishops  for  America.  On  the  receipt 
of  these  letters  the  committee  appointed  for  this  purpose  convened 
the  Convention  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  on  the  lOth  of  October. 

The  archbishops  prefaced  their  words  with  an  earnest  depreca- 
tion. It  is  "  impossible,"  write  the  prelates,  "  not  to  observe  with 
concern  that  if  the  essential  doctrines  of  our  common  faith  were  re- 
tained, less  respect,  however,  was  paid  to  our  liturgy  than  its  own 
excellence,  and  your  declared  attachment  to  it,  had  led  us  to  expect. 
Not  to  mention  a  variety  of  verbal  alterations,  of  the  necessity  or 
propriety  of  which  we  are  by  no  means  satisfied,  we  saw  with  grief 
that  two  of  the  confessions  of  our  Christian  faith,  respectable  for 
their  .intiquity,  have  been  entirely  laid  aside;  and  that  even  in  that 
called  the  Apostles'  Creed  an  article  is  omitted  which  was  thought 
necessar}'  to  be  inserted,  with  a  view  to  a  particular  heresy,  in  a  very 
early  age  of  the  Church,  and  has  ever  since  had  the  venerable  sanc- 
tion of  universal  reception."  The  letter  announced  the  application 
of  the  bishops  for  the  passage  of  an  act  of  Parliament  authorizing 
the  consecrations  desired.  This  step  was  taken  in  the  expectation 
that  their  representations  would  secure  the  modification  of  the  rad- 
ical action  of  the  American  Convention.  Great  stress  was  laid  upon 
the  necessity  of  affording  "  the  most  decisive  proofs  of  the  qualifica- 
tions "  of  those  recommended  for  consecration.    The  bishops  called 


ft  0..jiy  L./>„„J„/fi^^  n^  .%,^,hr/Cm  <.„,/•../    r//V  «,-^  (%,^c  /i/L. 
4  >K^.,    ^^^„„„„V.,;Vw  ^.7fi.,.nn:J  ^  ■„.,„  J/,,,/,/,  .hl.ri,  .--V  Ai,^^/>-./ -^ 

J.;f„f^:^cfM,  tc^„,'„.n„  /On,'/  /./,  ,.r.^  o/'min   /7,/X^ /<f /S  /^../V^/,  ^ 
^/^;  ,«/^  a,„U,rn/,:,n  ^fn   i.4uAha  of/fif.  a.JfL,^o/^  o,,</^//„.n  ^/.'-S./^ 

;*i  oum   LrJ/cct..  a^.rl  ..cu,  ^,J.,U  QHaJr,,,r,f  Ar  ,'/,  R„H  U  „.■  ^  ,s-J.,.h/leA- 

A.,„m/;<,n  n  Va^fA^  ,</ v^AiA' mttA/fn^.  :^/A/A!,  c^/^iAj  ^,  jb..^/„;,/,/  ^>„^^t 

■fy^a^iCii  „o  „uMu,  ..nA;^^^,.}til..^  ,^;m  A/,^/.  A^.f .%^  <>//&  (inlf.;^^  r/ 

cn:  CLW^n  %:fA.  u^f.,.A,^&  /,  //Sr«  i7,./.-^,..A/-  ^"'■'  ^"  '"^'"^^  /^.y-^/-t/ 
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meinrfOetJ /ifivn  t/fit  fo  u^t  tjott.i  tifrnfjf  Crf^/irn^t  ttZo  (a:  f£e  nf^iat;a{o/*v7it  «_.*.^ 

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Ififfltawm  m  f&  ntitfA  ti>/im  it  mi'Mj  /n  Almiilta,  /at  f&  ^"itm  At^arU,  And 
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ANNO       REGNl 

G  E  O  R  G  1 1    III. 

REGIS 

Minnie  Britanntie,  Francne,  S?  Hibernia, 

VICESIMO      SEXTO. 

At  the  Parliament  begun  and  holden  at  Weflminfter,  the 
Eighteenth  Day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  1784,  in  the  Twenty- 
fourth  Year  of  the  Reign  of  dur  Sovereign  Lord  GEORGE 
the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  (Sc. 

And  firpm  djcnce  continued,  bjr  fcveral  Prorogations,  to  the  Twcnty- 
foorth  Day  of  Jamury,  17861  being  tV  Third  Seffion  of  the  Six- 
t£ecth  Parliament  o."  Great  Britain. 


N": 


L    O    N    D    O 
Printed  by  C.  Eyre  and  the  Executors  of  W.  St  rah  an, 
Printers  to  the  King's  moft  Excellent  Majefty.     1786. 


[     IS67     ] 
ANNO     VICESIMO     SEXTO 

Georgii  IIL  Regis. 

CAP.     LXXXIV. 

An  Aft  to  empower  the  Archbifhop  of  Canter- 
bury, or  the  Archbifhop  of  Torh,  for  the  Time 
beihg,  to  confecrate  to  the  Office  of  a  Bifhop, 
Perfons  bsing  Subjefts  or  Citizens  of  Coun- 
tries out  of  His  Majefty's  Dominions. 

];)<CBi2£3&,  \s^  ttie  lated  of  XWtaum 
Eialm,  no  iperfon  tftn  6t  ronft* 
tcatcti  to  ttie  SDffice  of  a  'BKtiop  tDltb> 
cut  tl)e  fiitng'f  licence  fo;  ipfe  iSIec> 
tton  to  tijot  €)ffice,  and  tbe  ISogat 
j^anUate  unBcr  tfte  (Bjeat  *Eal  foj 
blfl  Confirmation  anU  Conrtttatfon: 
3n!HBl)E«a3  tticrp  pcrfon  ixiDo  djall  iic  confttrateti  to  tljs 
fafO  2)fllte  \s  requite?  to  take  tlje  Oat]]0  oraiicslana  ano 
dup;ematp,  anO  alfo  tDe  £!at^  of  Due  £)beDience  to  tbe 
arcbbiSop:  flnt  ttifjcreas  there  are  Ci'ocrjs  pcrfon?.  eub= 
jeOfo;  Citijens  of  Coantriea  out  of  pis  ^ajefig'c  Domi' 
nionff,  anD  tnbabftfnoi  anb  rcCblnij  toittstn  the  taiD  Cciun> 
trietf,  \iit)o  pjofcEs  tfje  public^  <[ac;(liip  of  aimtgbf)?  C5oD, 
actO}bing  to  tlje  ^!inci|ilc0  of  tfje  Cburcf)  of  England.  anO 
tDbo,  in  o;&er  to  p^ibes  regular  SucccSCicnof  ^iniQcrs 
ftf  t{)e  ©crtJice  of  tfieir  COurcft,  are  bfffroujj  of  inning 
certain  of  tbe  ©ubjeaa  oj  Cittjens  of  tijofe  Countries  con» 
'ectateb  BiQjops,  ecco^Oing  to  tbe  jro;m  of  Confecration 
m  tte  Cburtl)  of  England:  "Qt  It  enaSeO  bg  tftc  King's 
moS  CErceHcnt  ^sicS?,  b?  anbf  toitb  tbe  acbicc  anO 
Confcnt  of  tbe  lo;b3  Spiritual  anb  tzneinpojnf,  ano 
Commons,  in  \\>ii  picfent  i^arliament  afem'jicb,  anb  ts 
D8  A  a}  tljj 


[i»6S1  ANNO  REGNI  VICESIMO  SEXTO,  &?<:.  Cap.  8+. 

i>.  Ar<[.      tl)e  autljojitp  of  t1)e  fame,  tbat,  from  anO  afltr  tbc  pair.. 
^^'"ir'^'  ing  of  tbij»  aft.  It  Qiall  anO  mag  tie  latoful  to  ano  foj  tbr 

r;h''r"ao.ovl'  artbbiUlop  of  Canterbury,  Of  tI)C  arcbblQjOP  of  Vork,  fO{ 

Jh.ii"t**V  tftt  Clmcteing,  togetfecrtoltb  tUcbotbcr  TSifbopa  aj*  tbt? 

I";  ~^°."-  (ball  tall  to  tbdr  atUflante,  to  tonttcraw  Jperfano,  being 

wi^'ttfb'JT  *"''Jf*fl  0}  <Eltijerj(  of  (tounttiEB  out  sf  ?)ifl  qsajeQp"^ 

"Vt'L  lA'"'  I?omlnton£f,  TBiQjopfl,  fof  tbe  ff>urpofc0  afojefaiO,  toitbout 

fct"f6.''K'cV-°  tbe  Bfng'a  licence  fo?  tbeic  Clettion,  o;  tbt  Bogal  £^an. 

t°"'=^'<t"m  bate,  unoer  tbe  (Bitot  fetal,  fo|  tbcir  donficmatlon  anb 

JSiJaoiul,',    ConCcccation,  and  toitbout  requiring  tbem  to  tahe  tbe 

S)ittte  of  allegiance  anD  %up;emacp,  anb  tbe  Datb  of  Out 

ObeDience  to  tbe  arcbbilbop  fo;  tbe  Cime  being. 

tMiutvni-      II.  ]piotiibeb  altoa^d,  Cbat  no  iperrono  (ball  be  confe; 

«"J,f„f'Hu    tratcb  TSilbopo  in  tbe  tpanner  \}tmn  pjobibeb,  until 

B/JIiL'cnK.  tbe  arrbbilbop  of  Canterbury,  0?  tbe  arcbblfljop  of  York, 

inBihVlS..  fo?  tfi*  ^^'i"^  being,  5)all  babe  fictt  appHeb  foj  anb  obtaineb 

nu«o,  (ft,    jpig  ^aielJg'fl  licence,  bp  JIHarrant  unOcr  f?i9  Kopal  ®ig. 

net  anD  ©ign  gganual,  autfiojiOng  anb  cmpotocrinfi  bim 

topcrfojm  fucb  (lonrccrotlon,  anb  crpjeding  tbe  JQameoi 

laanreB  of  tbe  perfona  fo  to  be  confccratffi,  nof  until  tbe 

faib  arcbbKbop  boo  been  fulig  arcectainrb  of  tbeic  fuffid> 

encg  tn  gooo  teaminj,  of  tbe  ©ounOneftf  of  tbeir  JFaltb. 

anD  of  tbe  l^uritj  of  tbcir  qsannera. 

s,PeiA>o<ci      in.  Jpjobibcb  alfo,  anb  be  itbtrebj  beclareb,  dbat  no 

^f.'^S'^bi    jperton  oj  jperfon?  confetrateb  to  tbe  ©eSce  of  a  "Bflbop  in 

SorMh.'^of:  tbe  £!9Bnncc  atojefaib.  no?  anj  pecfbn  oj  perfons  betlbtng 

Ji'i.«Ji"Do.  tbeir  Confecration  from  oj  unbec  anp  Uiibop  Co  tonTe. 

■•'"<»"•       cratcD,  noj  eng  perfon  oi  Pertono  abmitteb  to  tbe  £>jbec 

of  Deacon  o?  Jp?ieQ  bg  anj  £>i8)op  o?  ToiOjopa  ft  tonre< 

cratco,  0?  by  tbe  SucceOToj  o;  ©ucceflfojo  of  on?  Xifbop  oj 

'BiHiopa  fo  conCecrateb,  Iball  be  tbcrebp  cnablcb  to  erertife 

bi0  o{  tlicir  cefpeatbe  £)Sce  o;  £>f!ues  toicbin  Ibts  ^^t' 

jeBg's  aDominionfl. 

c«i(k«.of      IV.  ip^ouibcb  ^Itoajfi,  anb  be  it  furtber  enaSeb,  Cbat 

nb.^l>c'n by  a  CcctiScate  of  fucb  <2Lonrcccatlon  (ball  be  giben  unOer 

(toptSe."'"    tbe  IpanD  anb  Seal  of  tbe  flrcbbiibop  tobo  confetrarea,  con« 

taining  tbe  JSanie  of  tbe  ^erfon  fo  tonretratcb,  tntb 

tbe  aobition,  as  bieil  of  tbe  (£ounttp  taibereof  be  te  a  eiub< 

}(&  01  Citijcn,  OB  of  tbe  Cburcb  in  tobicb  be  isappointeo 

XtOjop,  anb  tbe  furtbcr  Defcriptlon  of  bio  not  babtng 

tafecn  tbe  faib  SDatba,  being  creqipteb  from  tbe  ©bliga* 

tlon  cf  fo  boing  bg  birtue  of  tbiu  aa. 

o  FINIS. 


/.V/'A'O/JCCVVOX.  xxxvii 

upon  the  Coiuention,  hufurc  the  bibhdjj.s  elect  should  make  the  sub- 
scription required  b_\'  the  teiitli  article  of  the  proposed  ecclesiastical 
constitution,  to  "  rest<.ire  to  its  integrity  the  Apostles'  Creed";  to 
"  give  to  the  other  two  creeds  a  place  "  in  the  Prayer-book,  "  even 
though  the  use  of  them  should  be  left  discretional;"  and  to  make 
some  alteration  in  the  eighth  article  of  the  ecclesiastical  constitution, 
removing  what  appeared  to  the  bishops  "  to  be  a  degi-adalinn  of  the 
clerical,  and  still  more  of  the  episcopal  character." 

The  solicitude  of  the  bishops  respecting  the  "  purity  ul  manners  " 
of  those  recommended  for  consecration  led  them  tn  require  "the 
most  effectual  securities"  ;  and  forms  of  testimonial,  to  be  signed  by 
the  General  and  State  Con\entions,  accompanied  the  letter,  which 
have  been  ever  since,  and  are  still,  in  use  in  the  American  Church. 
These  testimonials,  Bishop  W'hite  assures  us,  ga\'e  "general  satisfac- 
ti(j)i."  "The  General  Convention,"  continues  Bishop  White,  "had 
not  been  without  apprehensions  that  some  unsuitable  character,  as 
to  morals,  might  be  electe<l  ;  and  yet  for  them  to  have  assmncd  a 
control  might  ha\'e  been  an  improper  interference  with  the  churches 
in  the  individual  States." 

It  is  at  this  point,  and  e\identl\'  calling  to  mind  the  grax'e  is- 
sues depending  on  the  projjer  action  at  this  critical  moment,  that 
Bishop  W'hite,  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  the  Church,"  interrupts  the  nar- 
rative with  the  paragraph  we  quote  : 

"  The  que.stion  to  be  determined  on  at  the  present  .session  was,  ^Vilethe^  the  Ameri- 
can Church  would  avail  her.self  of  the  opportunity  of  olitaining  the  episcopacy,  wdiich  had 
been  so  earnestly  desired  ever  since  the  settlement  of  the  colonies,  the  want  of  which  had 
been  so  long  complained  of,  and  which  was  now  held  out  in  offer.  When  the  author  con- 
siders how  much,  besides  the  preference  due  to  episcopal  government,  the  continuance 
or  the  restoration  of  divine  worship  in  the  almost  deserted  churches,  their  very  existence 
as  a  society,  and,  of  course,  the  interests  of  religion  antl  virtue,  were  concerned  in  the  is- 
sue, he  looks  back  with  a  remnant  of  uneasy  sensation  at  the  hazard  which  this  question 
run,  and  at  the  proliability  which  then  threatened  that  the  determination  might  be  con- 
trary to  wliat  took  place."'' 

On  the  assembling  of  the  adjourned  Conxentii^n  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  the  pajjers  from  Englantl  were  referretl  to  a  committee  of 
wliich  Dr.  White  was  evitlently  the  leading  member.  This  com- 
mittee, we  are  told  by  Bishop  White,  "  sat  up  the  whole  of  the 
succeetling  night  digesting  the  determinations  in  the  form  in  w^hich 
they  appear  on  the  '  Journal'  "  These  conclusions  were  comprised 
in  a  paper  entitled  "  An  Act  of  the  General  Convention  of  Clerical 
and  Lay  Deputies  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  in  the  States 
of  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  South  Caro- 
lina, held  at  Wilmington,  in  the  State  of  Delaware,  on  Wednesday, 
the  I  ith  of  October,  1786."  This  act,  after  reciting  the  precedent 
circumstances  of  the  organization  and  conventional  action  of  the 
American  Church,  proceetls  to  "determine  and  declare": 

1   White's  "  Memoirs  of  the  t'hurch,"  De  Costa's  edition,  p.   i  :S. 


xxxviii  IIIE    El'JSCOl'AJli   l.\  AMERICA. 

"  Kirst,  I'liat  in  tlic-  creed  coinnujiily  called  tlic  Apostles'  Crecil  ihese  words,  '  lie  de- 
scended iiilii  hell,'  shall  lie  and  conllnue  a  part  of  that  creed. 

"  Secondly,  That  the  Nicene  Creed  shall  also  be  inserted  in  the  said  Book  of  Coiiinion 
I'rayer,  immediately  alter  the  Apostles'  Creed,  prefaced  with  the  rubric  [or  f/iisj. 

"  And  whereas,  in  conseiiuence  of  the  objections  expresseil  l)y  their  lordships  to  the 
alterations  in  the  liook  of  Common  I'rayer  last  mentioned,  the  Conventions  in  some  of 
the  States  represented  in  this  General  Convention  have  suspended  the  ratification  and  use 
of  the  said  IJook  of  Connnon  I'rayer,  by  reason  whereof  it  will  be  improper  that  persons 
to  be  consecrated  or  ordained  as  bishops,  priests,  or  deacons,  respectively,  should  sub- 
scribe the  declaration  contained  in  the  tenth  article  of  the  general  ecclesiastical  constitu- 
tion, without  some  modification ; 

■'  Therefore  it  is  hereby  determined  and  declared.  Thirdly,  That  the  second  clause  so 
to  be  subscribed  by  a  bishop,  ]>riest,  or  deacon  of  this  Church  in  any  of  the  States  which 
have  not  already  ratified  or  used  the  last-mentioned  book  of  Common  I'rayer,  shall  be  in 
the  words  following : 

"  'And  I  do  solemnly  engage  to  conform  to  the  doctrine  and  worship  of  the  Protestant 
Kpiscopal  Church,  according  to  the  use  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  the  same  is  altered 
by  the  General  Convention,  in  a  certain  instrument  of  writing  passed  by  their  authority, 
entitled  "  Alterations  in  the  Liturgy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  order  to  render  the  same  conformable  to  the  American  Revolution 
and  the  constitutions  of  the  respective  States,"  until  the  new  Book  of  Common  I'rayer, 
recommended  by  the  General  Convention,  shall  be  ratified  or  used  in  the  State  in  which 
I  am  (bishop,  jiriest,  or  deacon,  as  the  case  may  be),  by  the  authority  of  the  Convention 
thereof.  .\nd  I  do  further  solemnly  engage  that  when  the  said  new  Book  of  Common 
Prayer  shall  be  ratified  or  used  by  the  authority  of  the  Convention  in  the  State  for  which 
I  am  consecrated  a  bishop  (or  ordained  a  priest  or  deacon)  I  will  conform  to  the  doctrines 
and  worship  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  .-is  settled  and  determined  in  the  last- 
mentione<l  Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  Administration  of  the  Sacraments,  set  forth  by 
the  General  Convention  of  the  Protestant  f^piscopal  Church  in  the  United  States.' 

"  And  it  is  herebv  further  determined  and  declared: 

"  That  these  words  in  the  Preface  to  the  new  proposed  Book  of  Common  Prayer — viz., 
'  in  the  creed  commonly  called  the  .Apostles'  Creed  one  clause  is  omitted  as  being  of  un- 
certain meaning,  and  ' — together  with  the  note  referred  to  in  that  place,  be  from  hence- 
forth no  ])art  of  the  Preface  to  the  said  proposed  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

"  .*\nd  it  is  hereby  further  determined  and  declared: 

"  That  the  Kourth  .Xrticle  of  Keligion  in  the  new  proposed  Book  of  Common  Prayer 
be  altered  to  render  it  conformable  to  the  adoption  of  the  Nicene  Creed,  as  follows :  '  Of 
the  Creeds.  The  two  creeds,  namely,  that  commonly  called  the  Apostle's  Creed  and  the 
Nicene  Creed,  ought  to  be  received  and  believed  because  they,'  etc.,  etc." 

On  the  first  vote — the  question  being  the  restoring  of  the  words 
"He  descended  into  hell"  to  the  Apostles'  Creed — New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware  were  divided.  New  Jersey  and  South 
Carolina  voted  aye.  As  the  divided  States  did  not  count,  there 
were  two  ayes  and  no  negatives,  and  tlie  words  were  restored. 

The  Nicene  Creed  was  restored  unanimously.  On  the  question, 
"  Shall  the  creed  commonly  called  the  Athanasian  Creed  be  admitted 
in  the  liturgy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States  of  America?"  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  were  divided,  and 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  South  Carolina  voted  in  the  negative. 
Maryland,  represented  by  a  clerical  deputy  only,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Smith,  was  at  the  outset  declared  not  admitted  to  the  Conven- 
tion, and  was  allowed  no  vote  on  these  important  matters. 

A  brief  address  to  the  archbi.shops  was  prepared  and  adopted. 
The  testimonials  of  Dr.  White,  bishop  elect  of  Penn.sylvania,  Dr. 
Provoost,  bishop  elect  of  New  York,  and  Dr.  Griffith,  bishop  elect 


/XVA'O/HCy/O.V.  xxxix 

of  Virginia,  were  signeil,  and  a  Committee  of  Correspondence,  with 
power  to  convene  another  General  Convention,  was  appoiiitetl. 

Although  it  does  not  appear  on  the  "Journals,"  and  no  tiirect  ref- 
erence to  the  circumstance  can  be  found  in  Bishop  White's  account 
of  this  Convention  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  the  Church,"  the  \'oluminous 
correspondence  of  this  period,  preserved  in  the  archi\-es  of  the  Gen- 
eral Convention,  acquaints  us  with  the  fact  that  the  Wilmington 
Convention,  while  availing  itself  of  the  presence  and  the  abilities  of 
Dr.  William  Smith,  bishop  elect  of  Maryland,  refused  to  sign  the 
testimonial  recjuired,  recommending  him  for  consecration.  It  ap- 
pears, from  letters  still  on  file,  that  two  members  only  of  the  Con- 
\'ention  voted  in  favor  of  Dr.  Smith's  application  for  recommenda- 
tion, and  that  the  opposition  was  based  on  moral  grounds. 

The  end  desired  was  near  at  hand.  The  bishops  elect  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  York  set  sail  for  England  early  in  Xoxember, 
1786,  and  arrived  at  Falmouth  on  tlie  21st  of  that  mcMith.  We 
need  not  trace  the  story  of  the  successful  accomplishment  of  the 
long  struggle  for  the  episcopate  in  the  English  line,  as  it  is  detailed 
at  lengtli  in  the  pages  of  Bishop  White's  "  Memoirs  of  the  Church." 
It  is  enough  to  say  that  on  the  fourth  day  of  I~ebruar_\-,  17S7,  at 
Lambeth  Chapel,  at  the  hands  of  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
Dr.  Moore,  the  archbishop  of  York,  Dr.  Markham,  the  bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  Dr.  Moss,  and  the  bishop  of  Peterborough,  Dr. 
Hinchcliffe,  William  White  and  Samuel  Provoost  were  duh'  and 
canonically,  by  the  laying  on  of  hands,  made  bishops  of  the  Church 
of  God. 

It  was  a  happy  omen  for  the  newly  organized  American  Church 
that  the  bishops  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  reached  their  native 
land  amid  the  Easter  festi\ities  of  the  year  1787.  The  Church  in 
America  was  now  complete.  There  only  remained  the  consolidation 
of  the  churches  of  the  North  with  those  of  the  Middle  and  South- 
ern States  in  erne  organization,  and  the  adjustment  in  the  general 
ecclesiastical  constitution  of  the  united  churches  of  those  principles 
and  practices  which  were  still  unsettled. 

Directly  on  the  return  of  the  newly  consecrated  bishops  to  their 
homes,  the  bishop  of  Connecticut  addressed  to  each  letters  of  con- 
gratulation, adding  expressions  jf  his  earnest  desire  to  promote 
"  uniformity  in  worship  and  discipline  among  the  churches  of  the 
different  States."  Referring  to  the  "  present  unsettled  state  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  this  country,  and  the  necessity  of  union  and 
concord  among  all  its  members  in  the  United  States  of  America, 
not  only  to  give  stability  to  it,  but  to  fi.\  it  on  its  true  and  proper 
foundation,"  Bishop  Seabury  proposed  that  a  meeting  of  the  three 
bishops  should  be  held  "  before  any  decided  steps  be  taken,"  and 
suggested  as  a  basis  of  union  and  comprehension  a  return  to  the 


xl  /■///•-  r.riscoiwii:  i.\  amekica. 

Mn_i;lish  l'fa\-cr-book-,  "  accommodaliiii^  il  tu  the  ci\il  Constitution 
of  tiie  United  States."  "  The  government  of  the  Church,"  he  adds, 
"  is  already  settled  ;  a  body  of  canons  will,  however,  be  wanted  to 
give  energy  to  the  government  and  ascertain  its  operation."  The 
terms  of  union  thus  suggested  were  simpi\-  an  affirmation  of  the 
"  h'undamcntal  I'rinci])le  "  adopted  in  New  York  in  October,  i  7iS4, 
respecting  the  l'ra\'er-l)ook.  In  the  view  of  Seabury  other  differ- 
ences could  be  settled  b}-  conference,  and  this  meeting  of  the  bish- 
ops, he  was  confident,  "  would  promote  the  great  object — the  union 
of  all  the  churches."  "  May  Gotl  direct  us  in  all  things,"  was  his 
closing  prayer.  In  making  these  fraternal  overtures  Seabur_\-  was 
e\idently  influenced  sold)-  b_\-  his  earnest  desire  for  union  and  uni- 
formity. He  already  occu])icd  a  position  of  absolute  independence. 
WVlci lined  by  the  clerg\-  and  warmly  supported  by  the  laity,  his 
e|)isi:i>pal  character  had  been  recognized  throughout  New  England, 
which  had  become,  practically,  his  pro\'ince,  and  through  which,  from 
Stamford  and  Norwalk  in  Connecticut  to  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  he 
journeyed,  confirming,  ordaining,  and  setting  in  order  the  churches 
owing  allegiance  to  his  office  and  to  himself.  He  had  exercised  his 
episcopate  in  New  York  in  spite  of  the  secret  opposition  of  the  irate 
I'rin'oost.  Candidates  for  ordination  from  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
\ania,  and  the  Southern  States  had  sought  from  him  the  laying  on 
of  hands.  There  was  no  dissension  among  his  clergy,  no  factious 
o])position  among  his  laity.  The  W'allingford  Convocation  of  tlie 
Connecticut  clergy,  held  in  February  of  this  year,  resenting  the 
affronts  they  deemed  directed  at  the  bishop  at  the  Philadelphia 
Convention,  had  determined  to  send  a  representative  to  Scotland 
to  recei\e  consecration  as  coadjutor  to  Seabury ;  and  Leaming 
ami  Mansfield  were  successi\'ely  chosen  to  undertake  this  office, 
while  on  their  unwillingness,  in  consequence  of  age  and  infirmities, 
to  assume  this  responsibilit)-,  the  choice  fell  on  Jarvis,  afterward  to 
be  the  one  to  fill  the  place  of  Seabury.  At  the  same  time  measures 
were  i)ut  in  train  to  secure  in  Massachusetts  the  election  of  Parker 
as  bishop  of  the  Church  in  that  State  and  in  New  Hampshire,  that 
thus  the  college  of  bishops  in  the  Scottish  line  of  succession  might 
be  complete,  ancf  any  necessity  of  union  with  the  churches  at  the 
southward,  for  the  consecration  of  bishops  in  the  time  to  come,  re- 
moved. The  correspondence  of  this  period  affords  abundant  proof 
that  the  great  body  of  the  churches  and  Churchmen  of  New  luig- 
land  shared  in  this  feeling  of  resentment,  and  were  ready  for  the 
initiation  of  measures  for  perpetuating  the  separation  and  antago- 
nism which  seemed  ine\itable.  There  was  every  prospect  that  there 
would  speedily  be  in  this  country  two  rival  P^piscopal  Churches, 
each  possessing  the  apostolical  succession,  but  at  variance  with  each 
other  in  doctrine,  in  ritual,  and  in  practices.     Had  Seabury  listened 


i^f  -^^ittiJi^'C  »7%-f^^^  ^4  ^Ct-^a-nc^n.  tn^tL/trtJyt  ^^iayn-^t-»   ^rt^^ 


M/uJ'/fy^  x-azi::- 


/\TKO/HC770X.  xli 

to  the  uryinys  of  his  clert,')- at  home,  and  his  correspomlents  both  in 
this  country  and  abroad,  this  deplorable  result  would  ha\-e  occurred. 
Union  would  soon  have  become  impossible,  and  the  Church  in  the 
United  States — a  house  dix'ided  against  itself — would  ha\e  been  at 
the  mercy  of  old  foes  and  new,  each  and  all  bent  alike  cm  its  utter 
overthrow. 

It  is  in  this  connection  that  we  cannot  fail  to  recognize  and  admire 
the  wise  conservatism,  the  marked  self-abnegation,  the  patient  for- 
bearance of  the  first  bishop  of  Connecticut.  He  was  alreach"  prac- 
ticall)- — he  might  soon  have  been  in  fact  and  name — the  "  primus" 
of  the  Church  in  New  England.  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire, 
Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut  were  through  their  episcopal  head 
closely  affiliated  with  the  Scottish  communion,  from  which  their 
episcopate  was  derived,  and  were  already  reproducing  at  the  out- 
set of  the  history  of  the  New  I'^ngland  Episcopal  Church  the 
distinctive  principles  of  the  body  whence  they  sprang.  It  was 
Seabury's  choice,  howe\'er,  for  the  "  great  object  "  he  had  at  heart, 
"  the  union  of  all  the  churches,"  to  enter  into  a  union  in  which  he 
was  to  be  from  the  start  in  a  hopeless  minority.  We  find  him,  there- 
fore, restraining  the  impetuosit}'  of  his  friends  and  sympathizers 
outside  of  Connecticut.  We  fintl  him  making  nuist  friendly  and 
courteous  o\-ertures  to  the  bishop  of  New  York,  who  had  attacked 
him  in  public  and  in  private,  and  who  cherished  an  imreasonable 
personal  animosity  toward  him.  He  renewed  again  and  again  these 
efforts  for  union  and  comprehension,  and  at  length  God,  who 
maketh  men  to  be  of  one  mind  in  a  house,  rewarded  his  self- 
denying,  self-forgetting  endeavors  and  made  him  for  the  last  few 
years  of  his  earthly  life  the  presiding  bishop  of  a  united  American 
Church. 

In  these  efforts  of  Seabury  for  union  William  White  was  an  ear- 
nest and  able  seconder.  Recognizing  from  the  start  the  official  char- 
acter and  the  Chri>tian  courtesy  of  Seabury,  the  bishop  of  Penn- 
sylvania, while  careful  to  secure  the  features  of  our  ecclesiastical 
system  he  had  fornuilatetl  in  "  The  Case  of  the  Episcopal  Churches 
Considered,"  was  ever  reatly  to  further  the  schemes  of  Seabury  for 
the  comprehension  of  "  all  the  churches  "  in  one  organization  com- 
prising the  churches  in  e\-ery  State.  Without  this  seconding  Sea- 
bury's efforts  would  have  been  of  no  a\  ail.  The  personal  animosit)- 
of  Pro\'oost,  the  machinations  of  the  able  and  unscrupulous  William 
Smith,  the  lax  Churchmanship  and  doctrinal  unsoundness  pre^•ailing 
in  various  sections  of  the  Church  and  uniting  in  efforts  to  render 
the  episcopal  office  as  powerless  as  possible — all  these  obstacles  to 
union  were  to  be  overcome,  and  in  the  successful  struggle  it  was 
William  White  wIki  contributed  the  most  of  labor  and  influence  to 
Secure  the  desired  result.      It  is  of  interest  to  note  the  hand  of  God 


xiii  riiE  /■:/•/ SCO  J'.  1 77-:  /.v  America. 

hedt^iiiii  u])  tlic  \v;i\-  to  llic  coinplclion  nf  llic  cpisCDj^al  college  in 
tlic  Ivnulish  line  until,  in  His  good  time,  both  a  disposition  for  union 
had  become  general  and  measures  to  effect  this  end  were  in  train. 

Tile  amiable  and  devoted  Griffith,  the  friend  of  Washington,  and 
doubtless  the  most  worthy  of  the  Virginia  clergy,  was  the  choice  of 
the  Convention  of  that  State  for  bishop,  and  his  papers  were  favorably 
passed  upon  by  the  adjourneil  (General  Con\ention  at  Wilmington  in 
I  786.  liut  this  excellent  man  found  his  intended  journey  to  Kngland 
hindered  and  finally  prevented  by  the  indifference  of  the  parishes, 
leading  them  to  withhold  their  contributions  for  its  accomplishment. 
E\en  when  the  generous  aid  of  William  White  was  offered  to  re- 
move this  obstacle,  the  coldness  of  the  clergy  toward  their  bishop 
elect  made  it  evident  that  they  feared  both  his  piety  and  his  zeal  for 
the  Church,  should  he  ever  enter  upon  the  episcopate  to  which  their 
suffrages  had  called  him.  There  followed,  as  appears  from  the  un- 
published correspondence  of  Dr.  Griffith  with  Bishop  White,  a  series 
of  petty  but  annojing  persecutions  which,  as  detailed  in  these  let- 
ters, reveal  a  lamentable  laxity  in  doctrine,  and  even  in  morals,  ex- 
isting in  the  Virginia  Church.  It  is  a  pitiful  story,  and  of  interest 
alone  in  showing  a  conspiracy  of  ministers  and  members  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church  designed  to  destroy  the  efficiency,  if  not  the  very  ex- 
istence, of  the  episcopate,  the  powers  of  which  the_\-  e\-idently  felt 
would  be  at  once  exercised  for  their  punishment. 

These  annoying  hindrances  at  length  wore  out  the  patience  of 
Griffith,  and  wrung  from  him  the  resignation  of  the  office  he  had 
never  sought,  but  which  he  would  have  adorned  and  honored.  It 
was  not  till  after  the  death  of  Griffith  and  the  return  of  the  bishops 
of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  from  their  successful  journey  to 
England  that  the  scholarly  Madison,  the  president  of  William  and 
Mary  College,  was  chosen  to  the  episcopate  of  Virginia  and  sent  to 
England  to  complete  the  college  in  the  English  line. 

No  obstacle  remained  to  pre\ent  the  consecration  of  a  bishop  on 
American  soil  who  should  unite  the  Scottish  and  English  lines  of 
succession.  This  long-delayed  act  was  finally  accomplished  when 
Thomas  John  Claggett  was  made  a  bishop  of  the  Church  of  God 
by  the  laying  on  of  the  hands  of  Frovoost,  Seabury,  White,  and 
Madison. 


V    ^'     s  (nl  (mi  ^- 


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ixta'Odlctjoa: 


III. 


THE    EriSCOPATE    OF    THE    CHrRCH    IX    liKlTTSH    XDRTH 
AMERICA. 

The  year  of  grace  1787  was  memorable  in  ecclesiastical  annals 
as  the  epoch  in  which  the  Chnrch  of  England  gave  to  the  pro\-- 
inces  which  had  maintained  their  allegiance  to  the  crown  the  epis- 
copate so  long  withheld  from  the  American  colonists,  who  for  years 
had  persistently  craved  this  boon  in  vain.  The  choice  had  primarily 
fallen  on  the  excellent  Thomas  Bradbury  Chandler,  D.D.  Oxon.,  of 
Elizabethtown,  X.  J.,  whose  acknowledged  abilities  antl  deep,  ear- 
nest piet}'  had  long  pointed  him  out  as  the  one  on  whom  this  honor 
should  be  bestowed.  But  the  ra\'ages  of  incurable  disease  were  even 
then  threatening  his  life;  antl  although  he  was  spared  for  several 
years,  and  able  to  rentier  ser\ice  of  inestimable  \alue  to  the  Church 
in  the  United  States,  he  was  a\'erse  to  accepting  an  appointment 
many  of  the  duties  of  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  fulfil.  It  is 
said  that,  at  the  request  of  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  suggest 
one  of  his  brethren  to  fill  the  place,  he  named  his  friend  and  former 
associate  in  the  ministry  in  America,  the  late  rector  of  Trinity,  New 
York.  On  the  12th  of  August,  1787,  Charles  Inglis,  D.D.,  some- 
time missionary  at  Dover,  Del,  and  later  catechist,  assistant  minis- 
ter, and  rector  ot  Trinity  Churcli,  New  York,  was  consecrated,  in 
the  chapel  of  Lambeth  Palace,  the  first  colonial  bishop  of  the  Eng- 
lish Church.  His  see  was  the  prox'ince  of  Ni.iva  Scotia,  with  New 
Brunswick,  Canada,  and  Newfoundland  included.  The  newly  con- 
secrated bishop  proceeded  almost  directly  to  his  \ast  jurisdictiiin. 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  Bishop  White,  of  Philadelphia,  soon  after 
the  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  had  reached  America,  we  have  his  im- 
pressions of  his  new  field  : 

"  Hauf.a.x,  DeccmLer  10,  17S7. 
"  Mv  GOOD  Broiiikr  WnrrE:  .  .  .  You  have  probably  heard  of  my  appointment 
as  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  and  my  arrival  at  this  place.  After  many  delays  of  office  to 
which  my  patent  was  suljject,  and  much  fatigue  in  forming  the  arrangements  for  a  new 
diocese,  I  was  consecrated  at  Lambeth  on  Sunday,  the  1 2th  of  August,  embarked  for 
America  the  28th  of  the  same  month,  and  arrived  at  Halifax  October  15th.  I  found  the 
state  of  this  province  nearly  such  as  I  suppose  you  found  that  of  your  diocese — in  great 
want  of  the  superintending  care  and  inspection  of  a  bishop  ;  and  much  need  I  have  of  the 
divine  aid  to  enal)le  me  to  discharge  the  duties  of  this  station — much  prudence,  judgment, 
temper,  and  zeal  guided  by  discretion  are  required.  X'ova  .Scotia  is  properly  my  diocese. 
I  have  the  same  authority  given  me  over  the  clergy  that  bishojis  have  in  England  over 
their  clergy;  but  the  temporal  powers  vested  in  English  bishops  l)y  the  constitution  are 
withheld;  and  this  by  my  own  choice,  for  I  drew  up  the  plan  that  was  adopted.  Ry 
another  patent  of  later  ilate,  directed  to  me  as  bisliop  of  Nova  Sci>ti.a,  the  same  aiuhmity 
over  the  clergy  of  New  Rrunswick,  Canada,  and   Xcwfiaindland   is   given  me  that  w.as 


xlvi  IIIE    EJ'ISCOIWTE    /\  AMEKICA. 

grantfd  before  over  the  clergy  of  this  province.  I'or  tliere  are  t«o  jialents,  which  I 
should  h-jve  nie:i(ionC(l  before — one  is  during  my  bfe,  by  which  this  province  is  consti- 
tuted a  bisliop's  see,  and  I  am  ai>]iointcd  the  first  bishop;  llie  other  is  during  the  king's 
pleasure,  and  granting  nie  the  same  autliority  with  the  former.  This  was  a  prudent  mea- 
sure, and  inteniled  lo  facilitate  the  appointment  of  bishops  in  those  other  provinces  when 
it  would  be  found  expedient.  .  .  .  ^Iy  extreme  hurry  at  present  prevents  me  from  men- 
tioning several  particulars  wliich  I  wished  to  communicate.  I  shall  be  always  ready  by 
every  method  in  my  power  to  convince  you  that  I  am,  w  iih  great  esteem  and  « ilh  sincere 
wishes  for  your  success, 

"  Right  Reverend  Sir, 

"  Vour  affectionate  brother  .ind  humlile  servant, 

"  CiiARi.MS,   Nova  Sidua. 
"  Ric;iri   Ki  viKiMi  liisiKir  WiiriF." 

'I'lic  currespcMulence  of  the  finst  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  with 
l^ishnp  White  is  full  of  interest,  and  gives  in  detail  most  interesting 
accounts  of  the  bishop's  visitations,  his  interminable  journeys,  his 
founding  of  King's  College,  Windsor,  N.  S.,  his  building  of  churches 
and  schools,  his  efforts  for  the  spiritual  development  of  his  people, 
and  his  earnest  desire  to  resent  the  encroachments  of  indifference 
and  infidelity.  He  died  full  of  years  and  honors,  anil  the  hundred 
years  and  more  that  ha\e  passed  since  the  first  bishop  of  the 
Church  of  England  for  the  colonies  was  consecrated  have  witnessed 
the  sending  of  these  missionary  apostles  throughout  the  world. 
We  append  from  data  furnished  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Hale,  bishop 
of  Cairo,  111.,  the  succession  of  bishops  in  the  English  line  in  British 
North  America  from  Inglis  to  the  present  day. 


IV. 

THE    METHODIST    SL'I'ERIXTENDEN'CY    OR    EPISCOPACY. 

JVIETHODIST  services  were  first  held  in  America  in  1766,  by 
Philip  Cushing  in  New  York,  and  by  Robert  Strawbridge  in 
Frederick  County,  Md.  Both  Cushing  and  Strawbridge  had  been 
Methodist  preachers  in  their  native  country,  Ireland.  In  i  769  Mr. 
Wesley  sent  over  Richard  Boardman  and  Joseph  Pilmore.  In  1771 
he  appointed  Francis  Asbury,  and  two  years  later  Thomas  Rankin, 
to  represent  him  in  America.  None  of  these  men  were  ordained, 
and  all  of  them  appear  to  have  confined  themselves  to  such  work  as 
Mr.  Wesley  deemed  laymen  might  undertake,  except  Robert  Straw- 
bridge,  who  as  early  as  i  769  began  to  administer  the  sacraments 
without  any  ordination  whatever.  The  minutes  of  the  first  Ameri- 
can Conference,  held  in  Philadelphia  in  1773,  show  that  the  follow- 
ing rules  were  unanimously  agreed  upon:  ' 

I   "  Minutes  of  the  .\nnual  Conferences,"  vol.  i.,  p.  5  (New  York,  1850). 


IXTKUDiXTlOX.  xlvii 

"(I)  Every  preacher  who  acts  in  connection  witli  Mr.  Wesley  ami  the  Inetlireii  in 
America  is  strictly  to  avoid  administering  the  ordinance-^  of  lia]itlMn  and  the  Lord's  Su|i]ier. 
(2)  All  the  people  among  whom  we  labor,  to  lie  earnestly  exhorted  ti)  attend  tlieir  cluirLli, 
and  to  receive  the  ordinance  there,  but  in  a  jiarticular  manner  to  press  the  pei->ple  in  Mary- 
land and  \"irginia  to  the  observance  of  this  minute." 

Jesse  Lee  says : 

"  The  necessity  of  this  rule  apjjcared  in  the  conduct  of  Mr.  .Strawbriilge,  a  hical 
|ireacher.  who  had  taken  on  him  to  administer  the  onlinancc  among  the  MetlioiHsts.  .  .  . 
We  were  only  a  religious  society,  and  not  a  church."  ' 

But  Strawbridge  would  not  change  his  conv^ictions  or  his  coufse. 
In  1779  some  of  the  preachers  ministering  in  Virginia  and  Nortli 
Carolina  "  concluded  that  if  God  had  called  them  to  preach  He  had 
called  them  also  to  administer  the  ordinances  of  baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper.  They  met  together  at  the  Conference  held  at  the 
Broken  Back  Church  this  year,  and  after  consulting  together,  the 
Conference  chose  a  committee  for  the  purpose  of  ordaining  ministers. 
The  committee  thus  chosen  first  ordained  themseh'es,  and  then  pro- 
ceeded to  set  apart  other  preachers  for  the  same  purpose,  that  they 
might  administer  the  holy  ordinances."-'  Asbury  denounced  these 
irregular  proceedings,  "  denying  the  authority  by  which  the  preach- 
ers acted,  and  declaring  the  ordination  tf)  which  they  had  given 
existence  invalid."^  The  Conference  in  Baltimure,  in  1780,  "con- 
cluded that  the)-  did  not  look  upon  the  Virginia  preachers  as  Metho- 
dists in  connection  with  Mr.  Wesley ;  and  that  Conference  neither 
could  nor  would  consider  them  as  such,  unless  they  came  back  to 
their  former  standing."*  A  compromise  was  finally  adopted  by 
which  the  recalcitrant  preachers  agreed  temporarily  to  conform  their 
practice  to  that  of  those  in  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  Asbury 
promising  to  write  to  Mr.  Wesley  and  ask  his  advice  as  to  the  qties- 
tion  involved. 

At  the  close  of  the  Re\-olutionary  War  Asbury  wrote  to  Mr. 
Wesley,  giving  an  account  of  the  work  under  his  charge.  He 
spoke  especially  of  the  great  difficulty  of  the  Methodists'  receiving 
the  sacraments,  those  authorized  to  administer  them  being  few  in 
number  and  widely  scattered.  Still  there  was  reason  to  believe  that 
as  the  country  returned  to  its  normal  state  these  difficulties  would 
be  lessened  or  wholly  obviated.  As  it  was,  more  than  half  of  the 
Methodists  in  America  li\-ed  in  Maryland  and  Virginia,  in  both 
which  States  there  still  remained  a  considerable  number  of  clergy. 
In  Virginia  we  are  told  that  to  meet  the  existing  emergency,  and  to 
"  prevent  so  far  as  possible  a  renewal  of  the  complaint  of  the  want 
of  sacraments,  some  at  least  of  the  Episcopal  clergy  traveled  over 
large  circuits  for  the  purpose  of  baptizing  the  children  of  Alethodists 

1   Lee's  "  History  of  the  Methodists,"  p.  47.  -  Il'i,/.,  p.  69. 

3  Drew's  "  Life  of  Dr.  Coke,"  p.  70  (Xew  York,  1S57). 
■1  Lee's  "  Mistory  of  the  Methodists,"  ]).  72. 


xlviii  I  HE   EI'ISCOI'AIE   L\  AMERICA. 

and  ailiniiiistcrintf  tiie  eucharisl,  and  coiuiiuicd  to  do  so  imlil  the 
filial  separation  of  the  Methodists  from  the  Church,  vvitiioiit  desir- 
ing or  receiving  for  their  ser\ices  the  smallest  compensation."  ' 

It  is  evitlcnt  that  Mr.  Wesley  formed  an  exaggerated  idea  of  the 
ilestitution  of  religious  pri\ileges  in  America.  In  referring  to  the 
American  Methodists  he  says  :  "  Since  the  late  Revolution  in  Amer- 
ica these  have  been  in  great  distress.  The  clergy,  having  no  sus- 
tenance, ha\e  been  allowed,  almost  universally,  to  leaxe  the  coun- 
tr\-  and  seek  their  food  elsewhere.  I  fence  those  who  had  been 
members  of  the  Church  had  none  eiliier  to  administer  the  Lord's 
Supper  or  to  baptize  their  children."-  He  adds  the  statement  that 
"  for  some  hundred  miles  together  there  is  none  either  to  baptize 
or  to  administer  the  Lord's  Supper."'' 

Wesley  had  in  early  life  embraced  the  opinion  that  "  bishops  and 
presbyters  were  the  same  order,  and  conscquentl)-  have  the  same 
right  to  ordain."^  For  years  he  hatl  been  importuned  to  i)ut  this 
opinion  into  practice  by  ordaining  some  of  the  traveling  preachers 
who  aspired  to  a  higher  station  ;  but  he  had  alwa_\-s  refused.  A 
strong  pressure  was  now  brought  to  bear  upon  him  to  settle  this 
long-mooted  question.  At  the  Conference  held  at  Leeds  in  July, 
1784,  a  plan  was  proposed,  at  first  prix'ately,  to  a  few  clergxnien 
attending  the  Conference,  that  "  Mr.  Wesley  should  ordain  one  or 
two  preachers  for  the  societies  in  America.  But  the  clergymen  ap- 
])roached  opposed  it.  The  celebrated  Mr.  Fletcher  was  consulted 
by  letter  as  to  this  matter.  In  his  reply  he  counseled  that  a  bishoj) 
should  be  prevailed  on,  if  possible,  to  f)rdain  these  men,  and  then 
Mr.  Wesley  might  appoint  them  to  such  offices  in  the  societies  as 
he  thought  proper,  and  give  them  letters  testimonial  of  the  ajJiioint- 
ment  he  had  given  them."'' 

After  much"  persuasion  Wesley  finally  resolved  to  "  ordain  "  two 
of  his  preachers  who  had  offered  to  go  to  America,  and  determined 
to  send  Dr.  Coke  across  the  Atlantic  as  his  representative,  with  such 
powers  as  he  would  give  him,  to  follow  his  exam]_)le  in  "  ordaining  " 
a  few  men  chosen  out  of  his  preachers  tliere.  Wesh'\'s  "Journal," 
under  date  of  Bristol,  Sept.  I,  1784,  contains  the  following  entry: 
'■  Being  now  clear  in  my  own  mind,  I  took  a  step  I  had  long 
weighed  in  my  mind,  and  appointed  Mr.  Whatcoat  and  Mr.  Vasey 
to  go  and  serve  the  desolate  sheep  in  America."  '  On  the  same  or 
the  following  day  he  "  set  apart  as  a  superintendent,  by  the  impo- 
sition of  hands  and  prayer,  .  .  .  Thomas  Coke,  Doctor  of  Ci\il  Law  , 

1  Hawks's  ■■  t'ontrilnitions  to  Ecclesiastical  History  in  tlie  United  .States  of  America," 
p.  149  ("  Viri^inia"). 

2  John  Wesley's  "  Works,"  vol.  vii.,  p.  314  (Xew  York,  1840). 

3  Letter  to  Dr.  Coke,  Mr.  .\sbury,  and  others,  in  "  Facsimiles  of  Church  nocunicnts. " 
^  Ihid.  =  Whitehead's'"  Life  of  Weslev,"  vol.  ii.,  p.  255. 

6  Ibid.  ''  John  Wesley's  "  Works,"  vol.  iv.,  p.  139. 


/-Tid^    i^^^-o-*'  ,^iCl~-^  -^  odU<C^^  /f>-*v*^   ^e.—*.   .^^^ 

^i:iiL<>/i^   ^  *-*-  ^L-^-x.,.^.  ,x^^»*^  ^^.-^.-^'^fe^  ^^  ^«^ 

7"^^^  -^^^  ^y^  ^  ^^^.^^^  ^^  .^^...^ 


/^ 


S^.^^->-x^  1»>^<i«.«i^. 


''/.T^ 


-f 


/ 


JXTA'OJH'Cy/O.V.  xlix 

a  presbx'ttT  of  the  Church  of  England"  ;'  but  of  t/iis  no  nieiiticiu  ap- 
pears in  the  "  Journal."  Is  it  not  possible,  to  quote  the  words  of  a 
careful  writer,-  that  "  the  reason  why  the  one  act  was  mentioned, 
and  not  the  other,  was  because  he  considered  the  latter  one  of  much 
less  moment  than  the  former — the  one  an  act  of  ordination,  the 
other,  one  of  simple  bcucdiction  /  Without  entering"  into  the  ques- 
tion whether  he  had  the /caYV  t<;)  raise  Coke  to  a  higher  otifice  than 
he  himself  held  as  a  presb_\-ter  in  the  Church,  there  is  nothing;  in  the 
whi)le  history  of  the  case  to  impl\-  that  he  hatl  the  slightest  tlionglit 
or  \oisIi  to  so  elevate  one  w  hi:>  had  been,  and  was  to  continue  to  be, 
subi.irdinate  to  himself.  Coke  was  sent  out  to  act  as  joint  superin- 
tendent, with  Asbur_\\  over  persons  who  '  desire  io  continue  under 
my  [that  is,  \\'esle\'s]  care,  and  still  adhere  to  the  doctrines  and 
discipline  of  the  Church  of  England.'''  And  in  Wesley's  celebrated 
letter  to  Asbur_\ ,  rebuking  the  latter  for  assuming  the  title  of  bishop, 
W^esley  says :  'There  is  indeed  a  wide  difiference  between  the  rela- 
tion wherein  you  stand  to  the  Americans  and  the  relation  wherein 
I  stand  to  all  the  Methodists.  You  are  the  elder  brother  of  the 
American  Methodists;  I  am,  under  Cod,  the  father  of  the  whole 
family.  Theretore  I  naturally  care  foi' you  all,  in  a  manner  no  other 
person  can  do.  Therefore  I  natin"ally  provide  for  you  all;  for  the 
supplies  which  Dr.  Coke  provitles  for  you,  he  could  not  ]irovide 
were  it  not  for  me — were  it  not  that  I  not  only  [)ermit  him  to  col- 
lect, but  support  him  in  so  doing.'  "  ^ 

Wesley  had  long  before  pointed  out  lh.it  la\ing  on  of  hands 
did  not  necessarily  mean  orilination  :  "That  the  se\'en  deacons 
were  ordained,  e\en  to  that  office,  cannot  be  denied.  Hut  when 
I'aul  and  Barnabas  were  separated  for  the  work  to  which  the\-  were 
called  this  was  not  ortlaining  them.  St.  Paul  was  ordaineti  long- 
before,  and  that  '  not  of  men,  nor  by  men.'  It  was  only  inducting 
them  to  the  pidxince  for  which  our  Lord  had  appointed  them  from 
the  be;ginning.  I-'oi'  this  end  the  prophets  and  teachers  fasted  and 
pra_\'ed,  and  laid  their  hands  upon  them — a  rite  which  was  used,  not 
in  ordination,  but  in  blessing,  and  on  man_v  other  occasions."  ' 

It  is  with  this  view  that  Dr.  Coke,  in  a  letter  written  shorth'  betoi'e 
the  occurrence  in  question,  and  while  Mr.  Wesley  was  still  undecided, 
urges  W^esley  to  lay  his  hands  upon  him,  not  so  much — if,  indeed, 
at  all — for  the  conve_\'ance  of  any  spiritual  power,  as  because,  to  use 

1  Extract  from  a  I, Liter  of  .\p|i(iintnKiU  yiven  I>r.  ('cilvc  liv  I.  Wcslev,  in  DrcH's 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Coke." 

2  The  bishop  of  Cairo,  III.,  Dr.  C.  K.  Hale,  in  '■  The  .\meriean  Church  an.l  Metho- 
dism," pp.   lO,   II. 

3  Extract  from  a  Letter  of  .\|ip.iintnient  ^iven  Dr.  Coke  liy  J.  Wesley,  in  Drew's 
"  Life  of  Dr.  Coke." 

*  In  Moore's  "  Life  of  Wesley,"  vol.  ii.,  p.  265.     . 
5  John  Wesley's  "  Works,"  vol.  x..  p.  237. 


1  THE   KriSCOr.lTE   1.x  AMERICA. 

Coke's  words,  "  .An  ;uitliorit_\-  formally  receixcd  from  j'oii  will  (I  am 
conscious  of  il)  bt-  fully  admitted  by  the  people,  and  my  exercising 
the  office  of  ordination  without  that  formal  authority  may  be  dis- 
puted, if  there  be  any  opposition  on  any  other  account."  ' 

"  Wesley's  ordination  of  W'hatcoat  and  V'asey,"  to  quote  again 
from  Bishop  Hale,-  "  and  his  laying  on  of  hands  upon  Coke,  with 
whatexer  intent,  were  acts  done  in  his  own  chamber  in  l^ristol,  and 
with  the  utmost  secrecy.  '  I  was  then  in  Bristol,'  writes  Cliarles 
Wesley,  "  at  his  elbow,  yet  he  never  ga\'e  me  the  least  hint  of  his 
intention,  llow  was  he  surprised  into  so  rash  an  action?''  It 
seems  to  lia\e  been  some  time  before  w-hat  was  done  was  generally 
k-nown  ill  l-',ngland,  and  when  it  was,  Wesley's  best  friends  were  of 
one  mind  in  their  surprise  and  disapproval,  and  in  their  conviction 
that  he  had  acted  under  ill  advice.  Charles  Wesley  wrote:  'After 
we  ha\ing  continued  friends  for  above  seventy  years,  and  fellow- 
laborers  for  abo\e  fift\-,  can  anything  but  death  ])art  us?  1  can 
.scarcely  yet  believe  that  in  his  eighty-second  year  m\-  brother,  \w\ 
old  intimate  friend  and  companion,  should  have  assumed  the  epis- 
copal character,  ordained  elders,  consecrated  a  bishop,  and  sent  him 
to  ordain  the  lay  preachers  in  America.  .  .  .  Lord  Mansfield  told  me 
last  year  that  ordination  wz."^  separation  !  This  my  brother  does  not 
and  will  n"t  see,  or  that  he  has  renounced  the  principles  and  prac- 
tice of  his  whole  life,  that  he  has  acted  contrary  to  all  his  declara- 
tions, protestations,  and  writings,  robbed  his  friends  of  their  boast- 
ing, realized  the  Nag's  Head  ordination,  and  left  an  indelible  blot 
on  his  name.'  ■•  " 

As  has  already  been  said,  there  seems  no  reason,  from  any- 
thing Mr.  Wesley  said  or  wrote,  to  conclude  that  he  attempted  to 
make  Dr.  Coke  a  bishop,  or  that  he  thought  of  him,  after  Sept.  2, 
I  784,  as  other  than  a  presbyter,  subordinate  to  himself.  But  when 
Charles  Wesle_\-  and  others  spoke  of  his  act  as  one  of  would-be 
bishop-making,  John  Wesley  preferred  to  let  the  charge  pass  with- 
out either  admission,  denial,  or  adequate  explanation.  He  was 
ne\er  averse  to  taking  responsibility,  and,  conscious,  as  it  would 
seem,  that  his  act  was  at  least  liable  to  be  criticized,  he  would  not 
disarm  criticism  as  to  himself  by  throwing  the  blame,  even  where  he 
might  justly  do  so,  upon  others. 

Dr.  Whitehead,  the  physician  and  one  of  the  literary  executors 
of  Wesley,  and  the  one  chosen  to  preach  the  sermon  at  his  funeral, 
writes  thus:  "An  old  preacher,  writing  to  his  friend,  delivers  his 
opinion   to  the  following  purpose:   'I  w^ish   they  had   been  asleep 

1  Set-  tlie  whole  of  tliis  very  curious  letter,  in  Whitclicail's  "  Life  of  Wesley,"  vol.  ii-, 
p.  25v 

-  "  The  .\iiierie.in  Chureh  ami  Methodism.'    pp.   12,  13. 

3   Letter  of  Charles  Weslev  to  Dr.  Chandler,  in  "  Facsimiles  of  Church  Documents." 

<   lln.t. 


/\TKODCCT/OX.  li 

wlien  tlie}'  beyan  tliis  business  of  ordination.  It  is  neither  Epis- 
copal nor  Presbyterian,  but  a  mere  hodge-potlye  of  inconsistencies. 
Though  it  must  be  allowed  that  Mr.  Wesley  acted  uniler  the  influ- 
ence of  others,  yet  he  had  some  reasons  for  the  step  he  took,  which 
at  the  moment  appeared  to  him  to  justify  it.  Perhaps  the\-  may 
not  appear  in  the  same  light  to  others,  and  [irobably  would  not  to 
himself  had  he  not  been  biased  by  persuasion.'  "  ' 

Alexander  Knox,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  Wesley  and  held 
him  in  high  esteem,  writes:  "Nothing,  surely,  could  ha\e  e\inced 
pure  weakness  of  mini.!  more  clearly  than  the  strange  business  of 
making  Coke  a  bishop.  That  Dr.  C.  urged  Mr.  Wesle\-  to  this  pru- 
ceeding,  I  know  with  certainty  from  the  doctor  himself;  and  full 
acquaintance  with  the  well-meaning  but  very  inconsiderate  man 
makes  me  feel  that  Mr.  Wesley  could  scarcely  have  had  a  more  un- 
fortunate ad\iser.  ...  In  one  of  my  first  interviews  with  Mr.  Wes- 
ley after  the  occurrences  in  question  I  thought  it  right  to  disclose 
to  him  my  whole  mind  upon  the  subject,  and  from  the  manner  in 
which  he  heard  me,  and  from  what  he  said  in  reply,  I  saw  clearl\- 
that  he  felt  himself  in  a  \-ortex  of  difificulties,  and  that  in  the  steps  he 
had  taken,  the  yielding  to  what  he  thought  pressing  exigencies,  he 
nevertheless  had  done  violence  to  undissembled  and  rooted  feeling."  - 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  the  Knglish  Conference,  in  1793,  by  the 
trustees  of  the  principal  Methodist  chapels  in  London  and  Bristol,  a 
number  of  these  trustees  being  persons  long  intimate  with  ^Ir.  Wes- 
ley, we  find  this  testimony:  "Although  Mr.  Wesle}-,  by  dint  i>f 
importunity,  toward  the  close  of  his  life,  was  persuaded  to  ordain 
a  few  of  his  preachers  for  America  and  Scdtlaiul,  he  b\-  no  means 
intended  to  make  it  general."^ 

To  quote  again  the  bishop  of  Caini:^  "  In  regard  to  nrdinations 
for  America,  Mr.  Wesley  and  some  of  the  others  concernetl  ap- 
proached the  matter  fmm  different  standpoints.  He  dcprccatcii 
separation  from  the  Church;  they  desired  it.  He  gave  such  com- 
mission as  he  could  to  Whatcoat  and  \'ase\',  and  encouraged  or 
directed  Dr.  Coke  to  follow  his  example,  because  of  the  exaggerated 
idea  he  had  of  the  fewness  of  clergy  in  America,  and  fearing  lest 
such  scarcity  should  long  continue.  There  were  others,  how'e\'er, 
whose  anxiety  was  to  bring  about  the  organization  of  the  Metho- 
dists in  America  into  a  separate  bod3^  before  the  American  Church, 
which  they  justl\"  recognized  as  '  the  same  Church,  though  altered 
in  its  name,'  '  which  had  been  known  before  the  Rex'olution  as  the 

I  Whilehea.rs  "  Life  of  Wesley,"  vol.  ii..  ]..  25S. 

-   In  .in  .Appendi.x  to  Soutfiey'.s  "  Life  of  Wesley,"  vol.  ii.,  y\i.  ^vS-^iio  1  N\\v  York). 
3  See  "John  Wesley's  I'lace  in  Church  History,"  ]).   162,  liy  K.  I).   I  rlin. 
■*  "  The  .-Vnieriean  Church  and  Methoilisni."  pp.   14,  15. 

5  Minutes  of  ly.S;,  reprinted  in  "  The  History  of  the  f  )iscipline,"  etc..  p.  93,  l.y  Roli.-rt 
Emory. 


lii  I  III:    EI'ISCOI'AI  I:    l.\   AMERICA. 

'  Clnircli  (if  I'.iij^laiKi,'  could  cninplctc  its  ori^aiiizatiim  and  occupy 
tills  land.  It  was  not  iinknown,  to  some  at  least  of  those,  what 
])rompt  steps  were  taken  to  tliis  end  so  soon  as  peace  was  restored. 

"  Dr.  Coke,  in  his  letter  to  Hisho]5  Seabury,  May  14,  1791,  con- 
fessed :  '  Beini;  educated  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England  from 
my  earliest  infancy,  ...  I  was  almost  a  bigot  in  its  favor  when  I  first 
joined  that  great  and  good  man,  Mr.  John  Wesley,  which  is  fourteen 
_\ears  ago  [that  is,  in  1777].  I'or  four  or  five  years  after  my  union 
with  Mr.  Wesley  I  remained  fi.xed  in  my  attachment  to  the  Church 
of  I^ngland,  but  afterward,  for  many  reasons  which  it  would  be 
te(li<nis  and  useless  to  niciition,  1  changed  my  sentiments  and  jiro- 
niuicd  a  separation  from  il,  so  far  as  mj-  influence  reached.'  '  And 
in  his  sermon  before  the  Conference  at  Baltimore,  December,  i  784, 
Dr.  Coke,  after  speaking  of  the  reasons  for  separating  from  the 
Church  in  America,  still  known  as  the  Church  of  luigland,  asks, 
'  Wii\-,  then,  did  you  not  se])arate  before?'-  and  gives  this  answer 
to  the  question  :  '  It  has  long  lu-en  the  desire  of  the  majorit}' of  the 
])reachers  and  people;  hut  thc_\-  suliniiltcd  to  the  superior  judg- 
ment of  Mr.  Wesle_\".' 

"  Such  being  the  views  of  Dr.  Coke  and  '  the  majority  of  the 
preachers  and  people,'  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that,  at  the  Con- 
ference o\er  which  he  presitletl  on  his  arrival  in  Baltimore,  it  was 
'  unanimously  agreed  that  circumstances  made  it  expedient  for  the 
Methodist  societies  in  America  to  become  a  separate  body  from  the 
Church  of  England,  of  which  until  then  they  had  been  considered 
as  members.'  "  '■' 

When  Dr.  Coke  came  to  America,  in  1784,  his  purpose  of  se])- 
arating  from  the  Church  was  not  generally  known.  This  appears 
from  a  paragraph  in  his  letter  to  Bishop  ^^'hite,  in  which  he  says: 
"  I  am  not  sure  whether  I  ha\e  not  also  offended  you,  sir,  by  ac- 
cepting of  one  of  the  ofTers  made  nie  b)-  \-ou  and  Dr.  Magaw,  of 
the  use  of  your  churches,  about  six  \cars  ago,  on  my  first  visit  to 
Philadelphia,  without  informing  you  of  our  ])lan  of  separation  from 
the  Church  of  England.  If  I  did  otTeiul,  as  I  ihuibt  I  did,  ...  I  sin- 
cerely beg  \'our  and  Dr.  Magaw 's  pardon.  I'll  endeavor  to  amend. 
But,  alas!  I  am  a  frail,  weak  cieatuic."  This  being  the  case,  there 
was  no  opportunity  of  pre\enling  the  schism  he  was  creating  before 
il  was  an  accomplished  fact.  Still,  at  the  \ery  first  opportunity  the 
rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Baltimore,  tiie  Rev.  Dr.  West,  invited  Dr.  Coke 
and  Mr.  Asbury  to  spend  an  evening  with  Iiim  at  his  residence,  and 
to  debate  the  whole  matter  at  issue.  An  account  of  this  conference 
is  gixen  in  a  letter  addressed  by  the  Re\-.  Dr.  Andrews  to  the  Rev. 

•    "  l':K>iinili;s  of  Cliurcli  Documents." 
-   Ilampson's  "  Memoir  of  Wesley,"  vol.  ii..  p.   iSy. 

3  Rev.  !'>.ekiel  Cooper,  quoted  by  John  lOniorv,  in  "  Defense  of  our  Fathers,"  p.  52 
(New  York,  1828). 


J.\-/7^0DC-Cy70X.  liii 

William  Sniilh,  D.D.,'  fn_)ni  which  \vc  make  a  few  extracts:  "  W'e 
could  iKit  think,"  saitl  <jne  ut  the  Church  clergymen,  "m)  imfavur- 
ably  I'f  the  gentlemen  who  were  at  the  head  of  that  society  as  to 
suppose  they  would  insist  on  srf'anitiiig  trom  us  merely  for  the  sake 
of  separating,  or  cherish  in  their  hearts  so  unkind  a  spirit  as  wcndd 
not  suffer  them,  even  in  doing  the  very  same  things  that  we  do,  to 
have  any  satisfaction  without  doing  them  in  a  ilifferent  maimer; 
that  the  plan  of  church  government  which  we  had  instituted  in  this 
State  was  a  \'er_\-  simple  and,  as  we  trusteil,  a  \"er}-  rational  plan; 
that  it  was  to  be  exercised  h_\-  a  Convention,  consisting  of  an  ecjual 
number  of  lait_\'  and  clergy,  and  haxing  for  their  president  a  bishop, 
elected  b_\-  the  whole  body  of  the  clergy;  that  such  an  episcopacy, 
at  the  same  time  that  it  possessed  all  the  powers  requisite  f(jr 
spiritual  purposes,  would  not,  on  any  occasion,  or  to  any  person,  be 
either  dangerous  or  burdensome.  .  .  .  What  occasii-in,  then,  could 
there  be  for  a  separation  from  us  on  the  sci^re  of  government? 
And  as  to  articles  of  faith  and  worship,  they  alreaih'  agreed  with 
us."  Dr.  West  added  that  "  in  his  opinion  the  only  material  point 
as  to  which  it  concerned  us  at  present  to  inquire  was  simply  this: 
was  the  plan  upon  which  the  Methodists  were  now  proceeding  to  act 
irrex'ocably  fixed  ?  "  Xo  decisix'e  or  satisfactory  answers  were  gi\en 
by  Dr.  Coke  or  Mr.  yXsbury  to  these  queries.  In  this  same  letter 
Dr.  Andrews  states:  "A  day  or  two  after  I  took  the  liberty  to 
wait  on  Dr.  Coke  at  his  lodgings.  I  expressed  the  wish  that  they 
could  be  induced  to  gi\e  rise  to  their  orders  in  a  regular  manner, 
and  this.  I  obserxed,  they  might  do,  and  yet  still  continue  to  man- 
age their  own  affairs,  and  remain  as  distinct  a  body  from  us  as  they 
might  think  proper.  If  the}-  did  not  esteem  it  unlawful  to  coiiiicct 
the  succession,  I  contended  that  it  was  their  duty  to  connect  it.  Dr. 
Coke  did  not  hesitate  to  acknowledge  that  it  would  be  more  con- 
sistent indeed,  and  more  regular,  to  connect  the  succession.  But 
it  was  now  too  late  to  think  of  these  things,  when  their  ]3lans  were 
alread)'  adopted,  and  in  part  e\'en  executed  ;  that  he  himself  had 
receivetl  ordination  agreeabl}-  to  the  new  system,  and  conferretl  it 
on  others.  .  .  .  Thus."  proceeds  the  Re\-.  Dr.  Andrews,  "ended  our 
negotiation,  which  sei'xed  no  other  purpose  than  to  discover  to  us 
that  the  minds  of  these  gentlemen  are  H'lt  wholly  free  from  reseiit- 
nunt;  and  it  is  a  point  which  among  them  is  indispensably  neces- 
sary, that  Mr.  Wesley  be  the  first  link  of  the  chain  upon  which  their 
Church  is  suspended." 

With  this  sketch  of  tlie  introduction  of  the  Methodist  superinten- 
dc'iicy  or  episcopacy  in  America  we  gi\e  the  names  of  the  occupants 
of  this  ])ost.  as  foun^l  in  the  latest  records  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church. 

1   Among  tlic  ISishiip  White  jiajK-rs  in  tliL-  archives  of  the  General  Convention. 


liv 


I  III:    l.l'ISCOI'AII:    IX   AMEKICA. 


The  present  board  of  hisliops  numbers  eiglileen,  inclutlinsj;  two 
missionary  bisliojjs.  I'"oiir  were  elected  in  1872,  three  in  1880,  five 
in  1884,  and  six  in  1888.  The  church  lias  had  forty-six  bishops 
since  its  organization  in  1784,  as  recorded  in  the  followiiiL;"  talile  ; 


Conference.      Yr. 


1784  Thomas  Coke Sept. 

1784  Fnincis  Asbury Aug.  a 

1800  RichardWhatco.it...-  Feb.  2 
1808  William  .McKcndn:c..  July 

1816  Kiioch  George Mar.  i 

1816  Robert  R.  Roberts....  Ang. 

i8v4   (oshlia  Soule Aug. 

l8i4  Elijah  Hedding Jime 

1832  James  O.  Andrew...  Jan. 

183.1  John  Emory April  1 

1836  Beverly  Waugh I  Oct.    : 

1836  Thimias  A.  \forris  .  April  5 
1844  l-eonidas  L.  Hamline  May  1 
1844  Edmund  S.  Janes  . . .     April  3 

185s  Levi  Scott Oct.    1 

185.;  Matthew  Simpson....  June  3 

1852  Osmon  C.  Baker July  -■ 

1852  Edward  R.  Ames May  2 

18  4  Davis  W.  Clark Feb.   2 

1864  Edward  Thomson  ....  Oct.    1 

1864  Calvin  Kingsley .Sept. 

1872  Thomas  Bowman Julv    1 

1872  William  L.  Harris....   Nov. 
1872  Randolph  S.  Foster...  Feb.    : 

1872  Isaac  W.  Wiley Mar.  s 

1872  Stephen  M.  Merrill.  ..Sept.  : 
1872:  Edward  G.  Andrews. .  [Aug. 

1872  Gilbert  Haven iSept.  1 

1872  Jesse  T.  Peck !  April 

1880  Henry  W.  Warren  . . .  Jan. 

1880  Cvrus  D.  Foss 'Jan.    1 

18801  John  F.  Hurst Aug.  1 

1880  Erastus  O.  Haven   ...  Nov. 
1884  William  X.  Ninde...-ijune  : 

1884!  John  M.  Walden Feb.    . 

i884:Willard  F.  Mallalieu. .  Dec.  1 
1884  Charles  H.  Fowler.  ..    I  Aug.  1 

1888  John  H.  Vincent Feb.   : 

1888  James  N.  Fitzgerald..  July   ; 

■  888  Isaac  W.  Joyce Oct.    1 

1888  John  P.  Newman  ....  Sept. 
1888  Daniel  A.  Goodsell.  . .  |Nov. 

1S58  Fi^ncis  Burns  1 Dec. 

1866  John  VV.  Roberts. Sept. 

1S84  William  Taylor     ....  May 
1888  James  M.  Thobum . . . ,  Mar. 


1747  Brit.  Wes 1778 

1745  Hrit.  Wcs 1767 

1 736  Hrit.  Wes 1 769 

1757  M.  E.  Ch 1788 

1768  M.  E.  Ch 1790 

1778  Baltimore....  1802 
1781  New  York  ...  1798 
l;8o  New  York,  ...  180: 
1794  S.  Carolina  ..  1812 
1789  Philadelohia.,  1810 

1789  H.iltimore 1809 

1794  Ohio 1816 

1/97  Ohio 1833 

1807  Philadelphia..  1830 
1802  Philadelphia..  1826 

.811  Pittsburg 1S33 

1812  N.  Hampshire  1S39 

1806  Illinois 1830 

1S12  New  York....  1843 

i8ioOhio 1832 

1812  Erie 1841 

1817  Baltimore  ....  1839 
1817  Michigan  ....  1837 

1820  Ohio 1837 

1825  PhiLidelphia..  1849 

182;  Ohio 1846 

1825  Oneida.  1848 

1821^  New  England.  1851 
1811  Oneida 1832 

1831  New  F.ngl.and.  1855 
1834  New  York....  1857 

1834  Newark    1858 

1820  New  York   ...  1848 

1832  Black  River. ,  18^6 

1831  Cincinn.ati..,.  1858 
1828  New  England.  1858 
1837  Rock  River...  1861 

1832  New  Jersey  . .  1853 

1837  Newark 1862 

1S36  N'lhwest  Ind.  1859 

J  Oneid; 


sea,  May  3.  1814,  aged  66. 
Virginia,  March  31,  1816,  aged  70. 
Delaware,  July  4,  i8c6,  aged  70. 
Tenn.,  March  5,  1835.  aged  77. 
Virginia,  Aug.  23,  1828,  aged  60. 
Indiana,  March  26,  1S43,  aged  64. 
d.  AI:      ■    '  * 


Died 

Died 
Died 
Died 
Died 
Died 
Bish.  M.  E.  Ch.,  South,  '46 


h  6,  'e?. 


Died  in  Poughkeepsie,  April  9,  1852,  aged  71 
Bish  M.  E.  Ch.,  Souih,  ■46;  d.  March  2,  '71. 
Died  in  Maryland,  Dec.  16,  1835,  aged  46. 
Died  in  Mar>land,  Feb.  9,  1858,  aged  €8. 
Died  in  Ohio,  Sept.  2,  1874,  aged  80. 
Resigned  1B52  ;  d.  in  Ohio,  March  23,  1865. 
Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  Sept.  18,  1876,  aged  (9. 
Died  in  Odessa,  Del.,  July  13, 1882,  aged  79. 
Died  ill  Philailelplii:,.  June  18,  1884,  aged  72. 
D.  Ill  C.  11.    nl,  \    H  .  Dec.  20.  i87i,aged  '9. 
Died  II:  I.  I  I,     I       \|iril  25,  18:9,  aged72' 

Died  III  I  1 11    M.iy  23,  1871.  aged  59. 

Died  111  U  III .  11...  W  ,  Va.,  March  22,  U70. 

Died  111  l'.e>  root,  ^yria,  April  6,  1870. 

College  president  when  elected. 

Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  Sept.  2,  1887,  aged  it). 

Pres.  theological  seminary  vhen  elected. 

Died  in  Foochow,  China,  Nov.  22,  1864. 

Editor  when  elected. 

Pastor  when  elected. 

Died  in  Maiden.  Mass.,  Jan.  3,  1880. 

Died  in  Syracrse,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1S83. 

Pastor  when  elected. 

College  president  when  elected. 

Pres.  theological  seminary  when  elected. 

Died  in  Salem,  Ore.,  Aug.  2,  1881,  aged  60. 

President  Biblical  Institute  when  elected. 

Book-agent  when  elected. 

Presiding  elder  when  elected. 

Missionary  secretary  when  elected. 

Secretary  Sunday-school  Union  when  elected. 

Recording  missionary  secretary  when  elected. 

Pastor  when  elected. 

Pastor  w  hen  elected. 

Secretary  Board  of  Education  when  elected. 


1840  N.  Y.  East...  1859 

1S09  Liberia 1838!  Died  in  Baltimore.  April  18,  1863, 

"    !  Liberia 1838  Died  in  Liberia,  Jan.  30,  1875. 


2,  1821  Bahi 

7,  1836  Pittsburg. 


ll  Local  preacher  when  elected, 
i!  Presiding  elder  when  elected. 


1  Bishops  Bums.  Roberts,  and  Taylor,  missionary  bishops  for  Africa;    Bishop  Thobum,    missionary 
bishop  for  India  and  Malaysia. 


j.xjKonccy/ox. 


V. 


THE    EPISCOPATE    (IF    THE    Rn>[.\X    CATHOLIC    CO>nH"\inX    IN 
IIH-:    IXITEIi    SIAIKS. 

The  fifteentli  liay  i)f  August,  A.li.  1890,  was  the  cciUtiiaiA-  of  ,1  no- 
table ex'ent  in  vVmerican  ecclesiastical  annals.  (  )ii  Sundax',  the  fif- 
teenth day  of  August,  1790,  the  feast  of  the  AssuniptiMn  nf  the 
Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  in  the  pri\ate  chapel  of  Lullworth  Castle,  Dor- 
setshire, England,  Dr.  Ji)hn  Carroll  was  consecrated  the  first  bishop 
of  Baltimore.  It  was  thus  that  the  Roman  Catholic  hieraiclu'  of  the 
United  States  was  founded.  The  consecrator  was  the  Rt.  Re\-. 
Dr.  Charles  W'almesley,  titular  bishop  of  Rama  and  srinor  \'icar 
apostolic  of  the  English  Roman  Catholics.  By  special  direction 
of  the  papal  bull  authorizing  this  consecration,  the  bishop  of  Rama 
was  assisted  in  this  solemn  function  by  two  attendant  priests,  no 
regard  being  paid  to  the  ancient  canon  requiring  the  presence  and 
participation  of  three  bishops  in  the  ele\ation  of  a  |Ji-iest  to  the 
episcojjate.  The  raie,  possibly  unique,  contemporarx'  pamphlet 
published  b_\-  authorit}-,  and  gi\ing  the  only  account  of  this  e\ent 
extant,  thus  tlescribes  it : 

"  By  invitation  of  Thomas  Weld,  Esq..  the  conseci'atioii  of  the  new 
bishop  was  performed  during  a  solemn  high  mass  in  the  elegant 
chapel  of  LuIIworth  Castle,  on  Sunday,  the  fifteenth  da\-  of  August, 
I  790,  being  the  feast  of  the  Assumption  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  ; 
and  the  munificence  of  that  gentleman  omitted  no  circumstance 
which  could  possibly  add  dignity  to  so  \'enerable  a  ceremony.  The 
two  prelates  were  attended  by  their  respective  assistant  priests  and 
acolytes,  according  to  the  rubric  of  the  Roman  ])ontifical  ;  the  rich- 
ness of  their  vestments,  the  music  of  the  choir,  the  multitiule  of 
wax  lights,  and  the  ornaments  of  the  altar  concurred  to  increase  the 
splendor  of  the  solemnit\-,  which  made  a  lasting  impression  upon 
every  beholder."  ^ 

It  is  of  interest  in  connection  with  this  ele\atioii  to  the  epi--co])al 
ofifice  of  Dr.  Carroll  to  notice  that  the  choice  of  the  first  bishoj)  of 

1  "A  short  account  of  tlie  e>-tal>lisliment  of  tlie  new  see  of  Baltimore  in  .Maryluncl,  and 
of  consecrating  the  Kt.  Rev.  Dr.  John  Carroll  first  bishop  tliereof,  on  the  feast  of  the 
Assumption,  1790  ;  with  a  iliscourse  tlelivered  on  that  occasion,  and  the  authority  for  con- 
secrating the  bishop  and  erecting  and  administering  the  said  see.  To  which  are  added 
extracts  from  the  different  bills  of  right  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States — that 
liberty  of  conscience  is  the  birthright  of  every  man,  and  an  exclusion  of  any  religious  test 
forever."  (London,  printed  by  J.  P.  Coghlan,  No.  37  Dulic  .Street,  Grosvenor  Square, 
1790;  8vo,  pp.  32.)  This  tract  is  in  the  possession  of  the  bishop  of  Iowa.  It  was 
represented  in  facsimile  by  the  Historical  Club  a  few  years  ago.  It  is  to  lie  issued  again 
in  facsimile  in  the  "  American  Catholic  Historical  Researches,"  edited  by  Martin  I,.  Grif- 
fin, of  Philadelphia.     An  edition  of  the  original  was  issued  in  Dublin  in  1790. 


Ivi  /■///•.■    IJ'ISCOI'Ari-:    I.\   AMERICA. 

]5allim(irc',  with  tlic  particular  auUiorizalioii  of  Popt-  Pius  \'l, — "  by 
special  i^raiit  and  for  this  first  time  only  "  ;  such  is  the  language  of 
the  bull — was  intrusted  to  the  American  priests  having  cure  of  souls. 

Twenty-six  priests  assembled  in  pursuance  of  this  authorization, 
and  after  deciding  upon  Baltimore  as  the  proper  place  for  the  estab- 
lisiiment  of  the  new  see,  cast  their  votes  for  a  bishop.  Dr.  Carroll 
(the  superior  of  the  Jesuit  mission  in  the  United  States),  the  brother 
of  the  jxitriot  Ciiarles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton,  a  .signer  of  the  Dec- 
laration of  Independence,  received  twenty-four  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  votes  cast.  The  Roman  Catholic  hierarchy  in  the  United 
States  is  thus  foimded  ujion  a  ])i>i>ular  election,  by  papal  order  and 
by  priests,  not  bisliojjs.  Thoni^h  "  for  this  first  time  only,"  and  "  by 
special  grant,"  there  was  surely  here  a  recognition  by  the  head  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  American  institutions  and  ideas. 

Lullworth  Castle,  whert'  tliis  important  function  took  place,  is  in 
Dorsetsliire,  ICngland.  Pnih  on  or  near  the  site  of  an  ancient 
"  donjon-keep  "  referred  to  in  the  old  chronicles  as  existing  in  the 
earlier  half  of  tiie  twelfth  century,  the  present  edifice  was  not 
erected  till  near  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century.  In  1641  it 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Weld  family,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
consecration  of  Dr.  Carroll,  Thomas  Weld,  Ivsq.,  was  lord  of  the 
manor,  and  a  de\"out  and  distinguished  member  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church.  Later  in  life  he  became  a  cardinal  of  the  "Holy 
Roman  Church."  The  chapel,  which  he  had  erected  but  shortly  be- 
fore its  use  for  this  great  function,  is  but  a  short  distance  from  the 
castle.  It  is  a  structure  of  circular  form,  increased  by  four  sections 
of  a  circle  so  as  to  form  a  cross.  It  is  furnished  with  a  dome  and 
lantern.  The  altar  is  compo.sed  of  choice  and  costly  marbles,  and 
the  ornaments  of  this  exquisite  little  oratory  are  of  unusual  mag- 
nificence. 

The  castle  of  Lullworth  has  been  again  and  again  the  abode,  for 
a  longer  or  shorter  period,  of  monarchs ;  but  the  fact  that  it  was 
the  .scene,  on  the  feast  of  the  Assumption,  August  15,  1790,  of  the 
consecration  of  Dr.  Carroll  and  the  founding  of  the  hierarchy  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  United  States  gives  this  picturesque 
structure  its  chief  claim  to  remembrance. 


/\JKOJH'C770X.  Ivii 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  BALTIMORE.— C.imprises  all  the  counties  of  .Maryland  lying  west  of  the 
Chesapeake  Hav,  as  aKn  ili-;  Iii-inu  .if  Colnmbia. 

Must  Rev    I    ii!i  '    ,M    II.  I'  I  i  ,    ..II,    .\ug.  15,  1790;  tl.  1815. 

Most  Rev    I  ,  1-1         ..ns.  Dec.  7,  1800;  d.  1817. 

Most  Rev     \  .1    ;       ..     I  I  h  .  cons.  Dec.  14,  1817:  d.  1828. 

Most  Rev.    I  1:1..  .  Wl.iiii.  i.l    III',  .;..ns.  May  25,  1828;  d.  1834. 

Most  Rev.  Samuel  Kccleslun,  L)  U.,  cons.  Sept.  14.  1834;  d.  1851. 

Must  Rev.  Francis  Patrick  Kenrick,  D.D.,  promoted  Aug.  19.  1851;  d.  1863. 

Must  Rev.  Martin  John  Spalding,  D.D.,  cons.  Sept.  10,  1848;  promoted  May  3,  1864:  d.  1872. 

Most  Rev.  James  Roosevelt  Kavlev.  D.D.,  cons   Oct.  30,  1853:  promoted  luly  30,  i8-.2:  d.  1S77. 

His  Eminence  James.  L.nhii.il  i  .if.l.ons,  cuns.  A[ig.  16,  1868 ;  trans,  to  fee  of  Richmund,  Va.,  July  30, 
1S72  ;  promoted  to  see  i.f  l.ilun.i.i'  ,  '  1.  t    :;.  1S77 ;  created  cardinal,  June  7,  1S86. 

Vicar-General,  Rt    Kci     \l.;i    I  .Ki  nd  .McColgan. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  BOSTON.— See  erected  1808:  created  an  archbishopric  1875.  Comprises  the 
counties  of  Esse.x,  Middlesex,  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Plymouth,  m  the  State  of  .Massachusetts,  the  towns  of 
Mattapoisett,  Marion,  and  Wareham  excepted. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  Cheverus,  cons.  Nov.  i,  1810;  trans  to  Montauban,  thence  to  Bordeaux;  d.  cardinal 
abp.  of  Bordeaux,  July  19,  1836. 

Rt.  Rev.  Benedict  J.  Fenwick,  cons.  Nov.  i,  1825;  d.  Aug.  11,  1846. 

kt.  Rev.  John  B    Fitzpatrick,  cons.  March  24,  1844;  d.  Feb.  n,  i8t6. 

Most  Rev.  John  Joseph  Williams.  U  D.,  coi:s.  March  11.  1866;  created  first  abp.  of  Boston,  Feb.  12, 
1875. 

.Aiivlli.iry  bishi.p.  Rt.  Rev.  John  Brady,  D.D.,  titular  bp.  of  Alabanda;  cons.  Aug.  5,  i8qi. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  CHICAGO.  Established  1844;  created  an  archbishopric  1880.  Comprises  IIU- 
.inis  n.irth    if  ihe  south  line  of  Whiteside,  Lee.  De  K.alb,  CJrundy,  and  Kankakee  counties. 

Kt.  Rev.  William  (Quarter,  D  D.,  cons.  March  10,  1844:  d.  April  10,  1S48. 

Rt.  Rev.  James  O.  Van  DeVelde,  D.D.,  cons.  1848;  trans    to  Natchez,  1853:  d.  1855. 

Rt.  Rev.  Anthony  O'Regan,  D.D.,  cons.  July  25,  1854  ;  trans,  to  Dora,  1858;  d.  1865. 

Rt.  Rev.  J.imes  Duggan,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Antigone  and  coad.  to  the  abp.  of  St.  Lotiis,  May  3,  1857: 
trans,  to  Chicago,  Jan.  21,  1859;  removed  tS8o,  on  account  of  infirm  health. 

Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  Foley,  D.D.,  coad.  bp.  and  administrator  of  the  diocese;  cons.  bp.  of  Pergamus.  Feb. 
27,  1870;  d.  Feb.  IQ,  1879. 

Most  Rev.  Patrick  .4.  Feehan,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  N.ashville,  Nov.  i,  1865;  promoted  to  Chicago,  Sept. 
10,  18S0. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  CINCINNATI.— See  erected  1821;  made  an  archbishopric  1850.  Comprises 
that  p.irt  of  Ohio  lying  south  of  40°  41',  being  the  counties  soiuh  of  the  northern  line  of  Mercer,  Auglaize, 
Hardin,  all  west  of  the  eastern  line  of  Marion,  Union,  and  Madison  counties,  and  a.l  west  of  the  Scioto  River 
to  the  Ohio  River. 

Rt.  Rev.  Edward  Fenwick,  D.D.,  cons.  Jan.  13,  1822;  d.  Sept.  26,  1832. 

.Most  Rev.  John  Baptist  Purcell,  D.D  ,  cons.  Oct.  13,  1833;  d.  July  4.  1883. 

Most  Rev.  William  Henry  Elder.  D.D..cons.  bp.  of  Natchez,  May  2,  1857;  appointed  titular  bp.  of 
.Avara  ami  .  ...nl  1. 1  the  .it.p  .  ..■<<«  mr,-  suuissiimis,  Jan.  30,  1880;  succeeded  to  the  see  of  Cincinnati,  July  4, 
18^3;  inM...l.  li  uilli  ihv  p.illiuiii.  li...      I  ;,  1883. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  DUBUQUE,  lA.— The  province  of  Dubuque  comprises  the  Stales  of  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  and  Wyuniuig  ;  established  1S93.  In  1837  the  diocese  of  Dubuque  was  established  ;  it  became  a 
metropolitan  see  in  1S93,  and  comprises  Iowa  north  of  Harrison,  Shelby,  Audubon,  Guthrie,  Dallas,  Polk, 
Jasper,  Poweshiek,  Iowa,  Johnson.  Cedar,  and  Scott  counties. 

Rt.  Rev.  Matthias  Loras,  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  10,  1837;  d.  Feb.  19,  1853. 

Rt.  Rev.  Clement  Smyth,  D.D  .  cons.  M.ay  3,  1857;  d.  Sept.  22,  1865. 

Most  Rev    J.ihn  Hcniiessy,  D.D  .  cons.  Sept.  30,  1I.60. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  MILWAUKEE.— Established  1844 ;  created  an  archbishopric  1875.  Comprises 
the  suiith  iif  Wis,  uiiMii. 

Most  Rev.   luhn  Martin  Henni,  D.D.,  cons.  March  19,  1844:  created  abp.,  1875:  d.  Sept.  7,  1881. 

Most  Rev.  Michael  Heiss.  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  La  Crosse,  Sept.  6,  1868;  appointed  coad.  of  Milwaukee 
and  titular  abp.  of  Adrianople,  March  14,  1880;  d.  .March  26,  1890. 

Most  Rev.  F.  X.  Katzer,  cons.  bp.  of  Cireen  Bay,  Sept.  21,  18S6;  promoted  to  Milwaukee,  Jan.  30, 
18  o 

Vicar-liener.il.  Rt.  Rev.   A.  Ze.ninger. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  NEW  ORLEANS.- Established  1703.  Comprises  Louisiana  between  the  twenty- 
ninth  and  thirtv-first  degrees  of  north  latitude. 

Rt.  Rev.  Louis  Penalver  y  Cardenas,  D.U.,  cons.  1793  ;  trans,  to  Guatemala,  1802. 

Francis  Porro,  D.D.,  bp-  elect. 

Ut.  Rev.  William  V.  Dubourg,  D.D..  cons.  Sept.  24,  1S15;  d.  abp.  of  Besan;on.  December.  1833. 

Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  Rosati,  D.D.,  CM.,  cons.  March  2$,  1824,  bp.  of  Tenagie  and  coad  ;  trans,  to  St.  I.onis, 
March  27,  1827. 

Rt.  Rev.  Leo  Dc  Neckere,  D.D.,  CM.,  cons.  1829;  d.  Sept.  4,  1833. 

Most  Rev.  Anthony  Blanc,  cons.  Nov.  22,  1835;  d.  June  :o,  i860 

Most  Rev.  J.  M.  Odin,  D.D..  cons.  bp.  of  Claudiopolis  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Texas,  March  6,  i3/j, 
Irans.  to  Galveston,  1847;  promoted  to  New  Orleans,  1861  ;  d.  at  Ambierle,  France,  May  25.  1870. 

Most  Rev.  Napoleon  J.  Perche,  cons,  bp,  of  Abdera  and  coad..  May  i,  1870;  promoted  to  the  see  .- 
New  Orleans,  May  25,  1870:  d.  December.  1S83. 

Most  Rev.  F.  X.  Leray,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Natchitoches,  April  22,  1877;  appointed  coad.  of  New  Or- 
leans and  bp.  of  Janopolis,  Oct.  23,  1879  :  promoted  to  the  see  of  New  Orieans,  Dec.  27,  1883 ;  d.  Sept.  23, 
1887.  at  Chateaugiron,  France. 

Most  Rev.  F.  Janssens,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Natchez.  May  i,  1881  ;  promoted  to  the  see  of  New  Orleans. 
Aug.  7,  18S8. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  NEW  YORK.— See  erected  1808;  created  an  archbishopric  1850.  Comprises 
the  city  and  county  of  New  York,  and  the  counties  of  Westchester,  Putnam,  Dutchess,  Ulster,  Sullivan, 
Orange,  Rockland,  and  Richmond ;  also  the  Bahama  Islands. 


Iviii  /■///.    El' J  SCO  PA  J  !•:    I.\  AMERICA. 

Rt.  Rev.  R.  I.ukcConcancn,  O.P.,  D.D.,  cons   April  =4,  i£o8;  d.  1810. 

Kl.  Rev.  John  Connolly,  O.l'.,  U.U.,  cons.  Nov.  6,  1814;  d.  1825. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  Dubois,  cons.  Oct.  29,  1826;  d.  1842. 

Most  Rev.  John  Hughes,  U.  D.,  cons,  titular  bp.  of  Basileopolis  and  coad.  to  the  bp.  of  New  York,  Jan. 
7,  1838;  succeeded  to  the  see,  1842 ;  created  first  abp.,  1850:  d.  J.-in.  3,  1864. 

His  Eminence  John,  Cardinal  McCloskey,  cons,  titular  bp.  of  Axicre  and  coad.  to  the  bp.  of  New  York, 
March  10,  1844 :  trans,  to  the  see  of  Albany,  May  21,  1847 ;  promoted  to  the  sec  of  New  York,  May  6,  1864  : 
created  cardinal  priest  of  the  Hojy  Roman  Church,  March  15,  1875:  d.  Oct.  10,  1885. 

Most  Rev.  Michael  .\uKUstine  Corrigan,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  May  4,  1873:  promoted  to 
the  archit-pisropnl  500  cf  New  Ndrk  and  made  coad.  to  his  Eminence  Cardinal  McCloskey,  Oct.  i,  1880; 

Vicar.i;.nir.,l,  Kl     K,  v, '  .Mgr,  Join.  .M.   Farley. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  OREGON  CITY.-Eslablifhed  1846.     Comprises  the  State  of  Oregon. 

Most  Rev.  Francis  Norbcrt  lilanchet,  abp.  of  Amida;  resigned  1880;  d.  June  18,  1883. 

Most  Rev.  Charles  J.  Scghers,  cons.  bp.  of  Vancouver's  Island,  Jui.e  29,  1873 :  coad.  to  abp.  of  Oregon 
City,  Dec.  10,  187S;  abp..  Dec.  20,  1880:  resigned  1884,  and  trans,  to  Vancouver's  Island:  d.  Nov.  28,  18S6. 

Most  Rev.  William  H.  Gross,  D.D.,  promoted  from  Savannah,  Ga.,  to  the  archiepiscopal  see  of  Oregon 
City,  Feb.  I.  1885. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  PHILADELPHIA.— See  established  1808:  erected  an  archbishopric  Feb.  ii, 
1875.  Comprises  all  the  cily  and  c.niiuy  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  counties  of  Berks,  Bucks,  Carbon,  Chester, 
Delaware.  Lehigh,  Montgomery,  Northampton,  and  Schuylkill. 

Rt.  Rev.  Michael  Kgan.  D.D  ,  O.S.F.,  cons.  Oct.  28,  1810;  d.  1814. 

Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Conwcll,  D.D.,  cons.  1820:  d.  1842. 

Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Patrick  Kenrick,  D.D.,  cons.  June  6,  1830:  ttan>.  to  Baltimore,  1851  ;  d.  July  8,  1863. 

•■      ■■         •'      ••  ■•  nn,  D.D.,  C.r~  •■  


Rl.  Rev.  John  Nepomucene  Neumann,  D.D.,  C.S.S.K.,  cons.  March  28,  1852;  d.  Jan.  5,  i860. 

Most  Rev.  James  Frederic  Wood,  D.D.,  cons,  coad.,  cum  jure  successionis,  April  26,  1857;  bp.  o( 
Philadelphia,  Jan.  5,  i860;  created  abp.,  June  17,  1875;  d.  June  30,  1883. 

Most  Rev.  Patrick  John  Ryan,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  cons.  April  14,  1872,  bp.  of  Tricomia  and  coad.,  c.j.  s., 
of  the  abp  of  Si,  l.oiiis  ;  abp   of  Salamis,  Jan.  6,  1884  ]  abp.  of  Philadelphia,  June  8.  1884. 

Vii:ar-i;<-.ie,al.   k'l     Rev.  Mgr.  Nicholas  Cantwell 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  ST.  LOUIS.— See  established  1826:  created  an  archbishopric  1847.  Comprises 
that  part  'it  .Missouri  e.ist  of  Chariton  River  and  of  the  west  line  of  the  counties  of  Cole,  Maries,  Pulaski, 
Texas,  and  Howell, 

Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  Rosati,  D.D.,  CM.,  cons.  March  25,  1824,  bp.  of  Tenagre  and  coad.  of  New  Orleans; 
trans,  to  St.  Louis,  March  27,  1827, 

Most  Rev,  Peter  Richard  Kenrick,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  30,  1841,  bp.  of  Drasa  and  coad.;  bp.  of  St.  Louis, 
1843:  abp..  1847. 

Most  Rev,  John  Joseph  Kaiii.  D.D,,  abp.  of  O.vyrynchia;  coad.  and  administrator  of  the  archdiocese. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  ST.  PAUL.— See  established  1850;  made  a  metropolitan  see  1888.  Comprises 
the  following  counties  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,  viz.,  Ramsey,  Hennepin,  W.xshington,  Chicago,  Anoka, 
Dakota,  .Scott,  Wright,  Rue.  Le  Sueur,  Carver.  Nicollet,  Sibley.  McLeod,  Meeker,  Redwood.  Renville, 
Kandiyohi,  Lyon,  Lincoln,  Yellow  Medicine,  Loc  qui-Parle,  Chippewa,  Swift,  Goodhue,  Brown,  and  Big 
Stone. 

Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  Cretin,  D.D.,  cons.  Jan.  26,  T851 ;  d.  Feb.  22,  1857. 

Most  Rev.  Thomas  L.  Grace,  D.D. ,  cons.  July  24,  1839;  res.  July  31,  18S4;  titular  bp.  of  Mennith  ; 
r.aised  Sept.  24,  1889,  to  the  archiepiscopal  dignity  and  titular  of  Sinnia. 

Most  Rev.  John  Ireland,  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  21,  1875,  bp.  of  Maronea  and  coad,;  succeeded  to  the  see  oi 
St.  Paul,  July  II.  1884  ;  made  .ihp..  M.av  l=i,  1888. 

Vicar  r.cTier.il.  Kl.  K.,>     M^i     I      \      (,  aillct. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO.— Established  1853.  Comprises  the  counties  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, ,S.in    M.itc.f.   >.iii    |,      , s.  ,,,,  i  ,11.,^  Sonoma,  Alameda,  Contra  Costa,  Lake,   Marin,  Mendocino, 

Napa,  Sulanu,  and  tli,>se  puui,.ii-^  ..,  .^.lal.i  Cruz,  .Santa  Clara,  and  Merced  lying  north  of  37°  5'  northern  lati- 
tude. 

Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Garcia  Diego  y  Moreno,  O.S.F.,  cons.  Oct,  4,  1840,  bp,  of  both  Californias;  d.  April 
30,  1846. 

Most  Rev.  Joseph  Sadoc  .-Memany,  O.S. D,,  cons,  bp.  of  Monterey,  June  30,  1850;  promoted  to  San 
Francisco,  July  29,  1853  ;  res.  December,  1884 ;  d.  in  Valencia,  Spain,  April  14,  1888. 

Most  Rev.  Patrick  W.  Riordan,  D.D.,  cons,  Sept.  16,  1883,  bp.  of  Cabesa  and  coad.  of  .Abp,  Alemany, 
C.J.  s.,  and  succeeded  to  the  see  Dec.  28,  1884. 

ARCHDIOCESE  OF  SANTA  FE.— See  established  1850;  created  an  archbishopric  1875.  Comprises 
the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  Dona  -Ana  and  Grant  counties  excepted. 

Most  Rev.  J,  11,  Lamy,  cons.  Nov.  24,  1850;  created  first  abp.,  1875;  res.  July  18,  l8?5;  d,  Feb,  ij, 
1888. 

Most  Rev.  J.  B.  Salpoinle,  cons.  June  20,  1869 ;  coad.  of  Santa  Fe,  April  22,  1884  ;  succeeded  to  the  see. 
July  18,  1885:  res.  Feb.  19,  1894;  appointed  abp.  titular  of  the  see  of  Tomi. 

Most  Rev.  P.  L,  Chapelle,  D  D.,  appointed  bp.  of  .-Vrabissus  and  coad.  of  Santa  Fe,  c.J.  ,s.,  Aug,  71, 
1891 :  cons.  Nov,  I,  1891 :  promoted  to  the  titular  archiepiscopal  see  of  Sebaste,  May  10,  1893 ;  succeeded  to 
the  see  of  Santa  Fe,  Feb.  19.  1804, 

DIOCESE  OF  ALBANY.— Established  1847:  incorporated  Oct.  9,  1894,  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  with  the  title  "The  Roman  Catholic  Diocese  of  Albany."  Comprises  the  countiesand  portions 
of  counties  in  the  State  of  New  York  that  are  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  norlhem  line  of  the  county  of 
Warren,  and  portions  of  the  counties  of  Herkimer  and  Hamilton,  north  o'f  the  northern  line  of  the  townships 
of  Ohio  and  Russia,  in  the  county  of  Herkimer;  on  the  east  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts  and  portions  of 
Vermont;  on  the  south  by  the  southern  line  of  the  counties  of  Columbia,  Greene,  and  Delaware:  and  on  the 
west  by  the  western  line  of  Otsego  and  Herkimer  and  portions  of  Hamilton. 

Most  Rev.  John  McCloskey,  D.D,.  appointed  bp.  of  Axiere  and  coad.  to  the  »p.  of  New  York,  Nov.  21, 
1843;  cons.  March  10,  1844:  trans,  to  Albany,  May  21,  1847:  promoted  to  New  York,  May  6,  1864. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  J.  Conroy,  cons.  Oct  15,  1865 ;  res.  Oct.  16,  1877 ;  trans,  to  the  see  of  Curium,  March  22, 
1878. 


IXIRODCCTIOX.  lix 

Rt.  Rev.  Francis  McNeirny,  D.D.,con5.  bp.  of  Rhesina  amltoad,  to  the  bp.  of  Albany,  April  ii,  1872 ; 
iucceeded  to  the  see,  Oct.  16,  1877 :  d.  Jan.  2,  1894. 

Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  M.  A.  Burke,  D.D.,  cons.  July  i,  1894. 

DIOCESE  OF  ALTON,  ILL.— Formerly  diocese  of  Quincy;  erected  July  29,  1853:  see  transferred  to 
Altiin,  Jan.  q.  18^7.  Comprises  that  part  of  Illinois  lying  south  of  the  counties  of  Adams,  Brown,  Cass, 
Menard.  .Sangamon.  Macon,  Moultrie,  Douglas,  and  Edgar,  and  north  of  the  southern  limits  of  the  counties 
<if  .Madison,  Bond,  Fayette,  Effingham,  Jasper,  and  Crawford. 

Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Damian  Juncker,  D.D.,  cons.  April  26,  tSs?;  d.  Oct.  2,  1868. 

Rt.  Rev.  Peter  Joseph  Kaltes,  D.D.,  cons.  Jan.  23,  1870:  d.  Feb.  is,  1886. 

Rt.  Rev.  James  Ryan,  D.D  .  cons.  May  i,  1888. 

DIOCESE  OF  BELLEVILLE.->te  erected  Jan.  7,  1S87.  Coinprises  Illin.iis  south  of  the  northern 
Iniilts.if  ihc  L.iiiiilics  .iM    (.1.111,  I.  lint. .n,  .Marion,  Clay,  Richland,  and  Uawrence. 

kt    K..A    Jnl.n  J..n,,cn,  nil.  cMii,,  April  25,  1888. 

DIOCESE  OF  BOISE  CITY.— Established  as  a  vicariate  apostolic  March  3,  1S68:  erected  a  dioce-c 
Aug.  25,  1S93.      Comprises  the  blate  of  Idaho. 

Finit  vicar  apostolic,  Rt.  Rev.  Louis  Lootens,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Castabala.  Aug.  0,  186S;   res    1870. 

Administrators.  Most  Rev.  F.  N.  Klanchet.  D.D.,  and  Most  Rev.  C.  J.  Seghers.  D.D. 

First  bishop.  Rt.  Rev.  A.  J.  Glorien.v.  D.D.,  cons,  titular  bp.  of  ApoUonia,  April  19,  188s:  trans,  to 
the  see  of  Hni.e  City,  Aug,  26,  1893. 

DIOCESE  OF  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y.— Established  iSsv  Comprises  Long  Island,  in  the  Slate  of  New 
York. 

Rt.  Rev.  Jc.lm  LMUshlin,  D.D.,  cons,  Oct.  10,  1853:   d.  Dec.  29.  i8qi. 

Rt.  Rev,  (.h.irks  K    McDonnell.  D,D.,  cons,  April  25,  1892. 

\icar.Uciicr.,l.  Rl    Rev    Mgi,   Mich.ael  .M.ay, 

DIOCESE  OF  BUFFALO.— Established  1847.  Comprises  the  counties  of  Erie.  Niagara,  ( ienesee, 
■Orleans.  Chautauqua,  Wyoming,  Cattaraugus,  Steuben,  Chemung,  'iioga,  Allegany,  and  ,^chu)ler,  in  the 
State  of  New  York. 

Rt    Rev,   |ohn  Timon,  DD..  CM.,  cons.  Oct.  17,  1847:  d.  April  16,  1867. 

Kl    Rev,  Stephen  V,  Rvan,  DD,,  CM.,  cons.  Nov.  8,  1868. 

\  i,  ir-iien.r.il.  Ki    Kex'M^r    William  Uleeson. 

DIOCESE  OF  BUELINGTON.- Established  1S53.     Comprises  the  State  of  Veniiont. 

kt    K.  ^     I  ..ui.  !>..  I  :.i,;,l„i.,iKl.  D.D,.  cons.  Oct.  30,  18^3. 

I'l    I'..     Ill-    M,!      nl,  |i  D  ,  titularbp.  of  Modra;  cons.  June  29.  1892,  coad.  tobp.  of  liiirlington. 

DIOCESE  OF   CHARLESTON.— Est.ablished  1S20.      Comprises  the  State  of  .South  Carolina, 

I"     I  I'l,.  I  1  11  ,  cons.  Sept.  21,  1820;  d.  1842, 

|.;i    I-  .     W,    :,iiii  ■,,   V,  |iD,,coad.;  made  vicar  apostolic  of  British  Guiana,  183S :  d.  1S47. 

Rt.  Rev.  Ign.itius  A    Reynolds,  D.D.,  cons.  March  14,  1858:  d.  Feb.  2b,  1882. 

Rt.  Rev.  H.  P.  Northrop,  D.D.,cons.  titularbp.  of  Rosalia  and  vicar  .apostolic  of  North  Carolina.  Ian, 
8.  1882  :   trans,  to  Charleston.  Ian.  27,  18S3. 

Vicar-lieneral,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  D.  J.  Quigley. 

DIOCESE  OF  CHEYENNE.— Erected  Aug.  9,  18S7.     Comprises  the  Slate  of  Wyoming, 

kl    k..>     M,.iir;,tl      iMiiku.  DD.  cons.  Oct.  28,  1S87. 

DIOCESE  OF  CLEVELAND.— Established  October,  1847.  Comprises  that  portion  of  the  St.ile  of 
■Ohio  lying  north  of  the  southern  limits  of  Columbiana,  Stark,  Wayne,  .-Ashland.  Richland,  Craufird.  U  van. 
■  dot,  Hancock,  .Allen,  and  Van  Wert  counties. 

Rt.  Rev.  Amadeus  Rappe,  D.D.,  cons.  Oct.  10,  1847;  res.  Aug.  22,  1870:  d.  Sept.  8.  1S77. 

Rt,  Rev,  Rich.ird  1  iilnioiir,  II  I)  ,  cons,  .\pril  14,  1872;  d.  April  13,  1801. 

kl     l'.>     I.;m,;ii-I      II  ■i-fn  ,1,11,   D  D.,  c<ms.  Feb.  25,  1S92. 

\  :■       '  ■  ,   1   ■     1  ■        II.      1  ■  .IX  M.  Boff. 

DIOCESE  OF  COLUMBUS.  !  i.iblished  1868.  Comprises  that  p.irt  of  the  State  of  Ohio  south  of 
40°  41  ,  .,H,i  i.ti.>.-<.o  ;;..-  1 1;....  k,\Li  ..u  the  east  and  the  Scioto  River  on  the  west,  together  with  the  conn- 
ties  of  Franklin,  Delaware,  and  .Morrow. 

Rt.  Rev.  S.  H.  Rosecrans.  D.D.,  cons,  titular  bp.  of  Pompeiopolis  and  au.xiliary  bp.  of  Cincinnati, 
March  25,  1862:  trans,  to  Columbus,  March  3,  186S;  d.  Oct.  21.  187S. 

Rt,  Rev,  John  Ambrose  Watterson.  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  8,  1880. 

DIOCESE  OF  CONCORDIA. -Established  Aug.  2,  1S87.  Comprises  the  northwestern  part  of  Kansas, 
,i  e,,  the  connlics  of  Cloud,  kcpiiblic,  (.Ittawa,  SaUne,  Jewett,  .Mitchell.  Lincoln,  Ellsworth.  Smith.  Osborne, 
Rlls^cll.    I'liillip...     Ri-.k,.    I  li;~,    Norton.   Graham,    Trego,   Decatur,   Sheridan,   Gore,    Rawlins,  Thomas, 

Lo-.in,   1    ■      X'  :         ^:  .  I    :    ,   ■,     inrl   Walhice. 

I':     I  I  !1.  II  D  ,  cons.  Nov.  30,  1887;  trans,  to  Omaha,  December,  1890. 

Aiii  ii        I        I  I    hii  Joseph  Hennessy,  D.D. .  bp.  of  Wichita;  appointed  April  3.  1891. 

DIOCESE  OF  COVINGTON.— Established  1853.  Comprises  Kentucky  east  of  the  Kentucky  River 
and  of  the  western  liinil  of  Carroll,  Owen,  Franklin.  Woodford.  Jessamine,  Garrard.  Rock  Castle,  Laurel, 
,uid  Whitley  counties. 

Rt.  Rev.  George  Aloysius  Carrell.  D.D..  cons.  Nov.  i,  1853;  d.  Sept.  25.  1868. 

Kl    Riv    Augiistns  Maria  Toebbe.  D.D..  cons.  Jan.  9.  1870;  d,  .May  2.  1884. 

Rl    Klv    l.aiiillltis  Paul  Maes,  D.D,  cons.  Jan.  25,  1885. 

DIOCESE  OF  DALLAS.— Established  1800.  Comprises  one  hundred  and  eight  counties  in  the  north- 
ern and  ii.irlliues[,;rn  (..irlions  ofTc.vas, 

Rt    Rev     1  hniu.is  I  ,,,i„  i.  krcin.m.  D.D..  cons.  April  5,  1801  ;  res.  1892. 

kt     k./x      F    J     Dunne,    D   D  ,  -    Nov.  30,  1892. 

DIOCESE  OF  DAVENPORT.-  Erected  1881.  Comprises  that  part  of  the  State  of  Iowa  lying  south 
nf  the  northern  limits  of  the  cmnlics  of  H.arrison,  Shelby,  Audubon,  Guthrie,  Dallas,  Polk,  Jasper,  Powe- 
■shiek,  Iowa,  Johnson.  Cedar,  and  Scott. 

Kt.  Rev.  John  McMuIlen,  D.D.,  cons,  July  25,  1881  :  d.  July  4,  1883, 

Rt.  Rev.  Henry  Cosgrove,  D.D.,  cons.  Sept.  14,  1884, 


Ix  'I'll I'.    l:l'ISCOI'A  IK    L\  AMJiRICA. 

DIOCESE  OF  DENVER.— N'icari;itc  ai.uM,>lic  cMaMishcil  1868:  see  erected  1887.  Comprises  ihc 
Suite,.ll..l..r.,il,., 

Kt  kev  Justpli  I'rojetuis  M.iehebeiif,  U.IJ.,  cims.  hp.  of  Kpiphany,  Aug.  i6.  18C8:  Irans.  to  Denver, 
1887:  d.  July  II..  .S89. 

Kt.  Rev'.  Nicholas  C.  >tat/.  cons.  October,  1887. 

DIOCESE  OF  DETROIT.— Kstablished  183=.  Comprises  the  lower  peninsula  of  the  Slate  nf  Mich- 
iKan.  south  of  the  counties  of  Ottawa,  Kent,  Montcalm,  IJratiot,  and  Saginaw,  and  east  of  Saginaw  and 
liay  counties. 

Rt.  Rev.  Kredericli  Resi.  I).  11.,  ccms.  Oct.  f,  1833;  d.  Dec.  19,  1871. 

Rl.  Kev.  Peter  Paul  Ufcvre,  D.l).,  cons.  bp.  of  2ela  and  coad.  of  Detroit,  Nov.  21,  1841 ;  d.  .M.irch  \, 
1869. 

Rt.  Rev.  Caspar  H.  Horgcss,  D.D.,  cons.  April  24,  1870;  res.  April  16.  1887;  d    -May  ),  1890 

Kt    Rev.  John  S.  1-oley,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  4,  1888. 

Vic.ir-Ceneral.  Rt    Rev.  Mgr.  Kdward  Joos. 

DI0CE3E  OF  DULUTH.— I'.staMisbcd  Oct.  3,  1889.  Comprises  the  counties  of  Aitkin.  Becker,  Bel- 
trami,  i.:hI (  ..,^.  I  I..V.  C.x.k,  Crow  Wing,  Hubbard,   Itasca,  Kittson,   Lake,  iMarshall,  Norman,  Pine, 

I'olk.  au.l  >l     l,..ii.-.  Miiui. 

Kt,  Kev    J.uius  M    C.hick,  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  27,  1889. 

DIOCESE  OF  ERIE.— Kstablished  1843.  Comprises  Erie,  Crawford,  Mercer,  Venango,  Forest,  Cla- 
rion, Jericrscui.  I  liMrlicUl,  Cameron,  IClk,  .McKcan,  Potter,  and  Warren  counties,  in  northwestern  Pcnnsyl- 

kl    K.^     Ml.  h.Rl  ll'C 1.1.  s     \iij;.  15,  1843.     (Sec  Diocese  of  Pittsburg.) 

l;i    Kr^     |..-n.    M    \  . .iin .: ,  .  . .u -     \ i .1  il  .-3,  1854 ;    d.  Sept.  18,  1866. 

kl      K,  1       I, ,1,1.,-   Mnlkii,  .41-      \n.;     .■,    1868. 

DIOCESE  OF  FORT  WAYNE.-  >te  cst.ablishcd  1857.  Comprises  that  part  of  the  State  of  Indiana 
lying  nonli  of  the  southcin  boundary  of  Warren,  Kountain,  .Montgomery,  Boone,  Hamilton,  .Madison,  Dela 
ware,  and  Randolph  coimlies. 

Kt.  Rev.  J.  H.  I.uers.  D.D..  cons.  Jan.  10,  1858;  d.  June  29,  1871. 

Rt.  Kev.  Joseph  Dwengcr,  cons.  April  14,  1872:  d.  Jan.  22,  1893. 

Rt.  Rev.  |..scpli  R.nlemacher,  cons.  June  24,  1883,  .as  bp.  of  N.ashville :  trans,  to  Fort  W.iyne,  July  14, 
1S93. 

DIOCESE  OF  GALVESTON.— 1''stablished  1847.  Comprises  that  jiart  of  Texas  between  the  Colorado 
River  on  tlie  «  est  .md  the  .Sabine  Kiv.r  ..ti  rh.-  .ast.  and  between  the  Gulf  of  .\le.\ico  on  the  south  and  the 
comities  of  Lampas:ts,  Coryell.  .M.  I  .1111, m.  I  im. -tone.  Freestone,  Anderson,  Cherokee,  Nacogdoches,  and 
Shelby  on  the  north,  and  includini;  ili-.  ■   .  ..unii.  - 

Kt.  Rev.  J.  M.  Odin,  D.D..  L.m,  Ip  .1  i  l.uidiopolis  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Tcx.as,  March  6,  1842; 
trans,  to  Galveston,  1847;  promoted  to  .Ncu  t)ilc.ius,  1861 ;  d.  May  25,  1870,  in  .Ambicrle,  France. 

Rt.  Rev.  C.  M.  Dubois,  D.D  ,  cons.  Nov.  23,  1862:  res.  1881. 

Rt.  Rev.  P.  Dufal.  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Dclcoii  and  vicar  apostolic  of  F.astern  Bengal,  Nov.  25,  i860:  as 
coad,  to  Galveston,  Mav  14,  1878;   res.  1880. 

Kt.  Rev,  N,  A.  (;aibi;her.  D.D.,  cons.  April  30,  1882. 

DIOCESE  OF  GRAND  RAPIDS.— See  established  1882.  Comprises  the  counties  of  the  lower  penin- 
siil.,  .11   Ml,  l,ii;.iii 

Kt     l;..v      ll.nry  J..s.:|.li  Ki.  l.ter,  D  D.,  cons.   April  22,   1883. 

DIOCESE  OF  GREEN  BAY.-s.-  ..si,,l.li-lK.d  i8fi8.  Comprises  that  part  of  the  ,Statc  of  Wisconsin, 
lying ■      I  1  ■■     -i      .'  ■  .:>...,  ,,n,l.,-.  ,.f  Wisconsin  River. 

Rl     V  I        ,,',    \|,      I,        Ml.  -     l.il;    !-■.  1868;  d.  Dec.  20,  1873. 

Ki    I.        I,,,,       \i       ■   ki  ..iil.,.iM.i.  h  11  ,  ...ns.  June  29,  1875:  d.  Dec.  17,  1883. 

M.I  I  1;,.     j  1.1   11.    \,ni  I   kutzer,  HI).,  trans,  to  Milwaukee,  Jan.  30,  1891. 

Ki    k..A    s.  I.,.sti.ui  I  .    M..— iiier,  D,D.,  cons.  March  27,  1892. 

DIOCESE  OF  HARRISBURG.— See  established  1868.  Comprises  the  counties  of  Dauphin,  Leba- 
non l.,iiic.<siei.  \  ...k.  Ad.uus.  Franklin,  Fulton,  Cumberland,  Perry,  Juniata,  Mifflin,  Center,  Clinton,. 
Unii>n,  Snyder,  Northumberland,  Montour,  and  Columbia,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Kt.  Rev.  J.  F.  Sbiinahan,  D.D.,  cons.  Jidy  12,  1868:  d.  Sept.  24,  1886. 

Rt.  Rev,    Thomas  McGovern,  D.D.,  cons.  March  11,  1888. 

DIOCESE  OF  HARTFORD.— See  established  1844.     Comprises  the  State  of  Connecticut. 

Ki    K.-n    Will......   l\ki.   IMi.,  cons.  March  17,  1844;  d.  June  18,  1849. 

Ki    K..I     1;.  .n.i.l  I  ik.illv.  D,D,cons,  Nov.  10,  1850;  perished  at  .sea,  January,  1856. 

ki    K.  A.  I      !•    M.  I  .it!. ,11:1.  DD  ,  cnns.  March  14,  1858:  d.  Oct.  12,  1874. 

Ki    K.\,    1  h  .iii.is  C.Il.cns.  I  >.s,   \.,  ,„ns.  M.arch  19,  1876;  d.  Oct.  10,  1878. 

Rl.  K.  ^     1  ,,«i.  n.i  M..,,l,;  n  .M.  M..Ih.ii,  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  10,  1879;  d.  Aug.  21,  1893. 

Rl.  KiA     .\li.  li.i..l    l.eni<.>,  ri  11..  s.  Feb.  22,  1894. 

DIOCESE  OF  HELENA-  Sc;  .  r. .  leil  1884.     Comprises  the  State  of  Montana. 

Ki.  Kcx.  J.ihn  l;.i|.ii-i  l;r..iukl.  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  14,  1879. 

DIOCESE  OF  JAMESTOWN,  N.  D.— Sec  established  1889.     Comprises  the  State  of  North  Dakota. 

Kt.  R.:%.  J..I111  Mi.iiilty.  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  27,  1889. 

DIOCESE  OF  KANSAS  CITY  KAN.— See  established  1877:  seat  changed  to  Kansas  City  1891 
C.imprises  that  part  of  Kansas  east  of  Republic,  Cloud,  Ottawa,  Saline,  McPherson,  Harvey,  Sedgwick,  and 

Rt.  Rev.  J.  B.  Micge,  S.J. ,  cons.  bp.  of  Messenia  and  vicar  apostolic,  March  25,  1851  ;  res.  December, 
1874:  d.  July  .'I,  1884. 

Rt.  Rev.  Louis  M.  Fink.  O.'i.B..  IXD  ,  cnns.  bo.  of  Eucarpia,  June  11,  1871  :  trans,  to  Lcavenworlh, 
May  22,  1877  :  seat  ch.inged  10  Kansas  City,  Kan.,  M.ay  29,  1891. 

DIOCESE  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO.— See  established  1880.    C 
of  the  Missouri  River  and  west  of  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  counties  of  Mo 
Wright.  Douglas,  and  Ozark. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  Joseph  Hogan,  D  D.,  cons  Sept   13,  1868;  trans,  to  Kansas  City,  Sept. 


IX'J7^0DrCT/OX.  Ixi 

DIOCESE  OF  LA  CROSSE.— See  erected  1868.  Comprises  that  part  of  Wisconsin  lying  north  and 
west  of  the  Wiscunsin  Kiver. 

Most  Rev.  .Michael  Heiss,  D.D.,cons.  Sept.  (,  186S:  appointed  titular  .nbp.  of  Hadri.inople  and  coad.  to 
the  metropolitan  of  Milwaukee,  March  14,  1880;  promoted  to  Milwaukee,  Sept.  7,  18S1  :  d    .March  -6    iSoo 

Rt.  Rev.  Kilian  C.  Flasch,  D.D  ,  cons.  Aug.  24,  188.  ;  d.  Aug.  3,  1801. 

Rt.  Rev.  James  Schwebach,  D.D.,  cons.  Feb.  25,  1892. 

DIOCESE  OF  LINCOLN.-Sce  e.,lablished  1887.     Comprises  that  part  of  Nebraska  south  of  the  Platte 

l-it.  Rev.    Ih.  ni.is  B.inacum.  D.  D. ,  cons.  Nov.  30,  1887. 

DIOCESE  OF  LITTLE  ROCK.— See  established  1843.     Comprises  the  State  of  Arkansas 

Rt,  Rev.  Andreiv  liyme,  D.D  .  cons.  March  10,  1844:  d.  June  to,  1862. 

Rt.  Rev.  Edward  Fitzgerald,  U.D  ,  cons.  Feb.  3,  1867 

DIOCESE  OF  LOUISVILLE.— See  established  1808.  Comprises  that  part  of  Kentucky  lying  west 
of  Carroll,  Owen,  Franklin,  Woodford,  Jessamine,  Garrard,  Rock  Castle,  Laurel,  and  Whitley  counties 

Rt.  Rev.  Benedict  Joseph  Flagel,  D.D.,  cons,  bp   of  Bardstown,  Nov.  4,  iSio. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  B.  David,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Mauricastro  and  coad.  to  the  bp.  of  Bardstown,  Aug.  15, 

Rt,  Rev.  Guy  Ignatius  Chabrat,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Bolma  and  coad.  to  the  bp.  of  Bardstown,  Tulv  20. 
1834. 

Rt.  Rev.  Martin  John  Spalding,   D.D.,  cons.  Sept.  10,  t84S,  bp.  of  Langone  and  coad.   to  the  bp.  of 

Rt.  Rev.  Peter  [oseph  l.avialle,  D.  D..  cons.  Sept   24.  t86v 

Rt.  Rev.  W.lli.un  Gcor«  McCloskey,  D.D.,  cons.  May  24,  1868. 

DIOCESE  OF  MAKCHESTER.— See  established  t884.     Comprises  the  State  of  New  Hampshire. 

Rt    Rev.  Dinis  M    l:T.i.lley,  D  D,,  cons,  June  11,  1814. 

DIOCESE  OF  MARQUETTE.- I 'I  c-  ..f  Soult  Ste.  Marie  and  Marquette,  establi.hed  1S57  and 
1865       Ci[in'n.  ;  ,     ■    il      i,ig.in. 

Kt,  Kei     I  i        _       11'  '.    N     I,  1853:  d.  Jan.  19.  1868. 

Rt    Kev     I,       1       \!'         hi',,    I.    I  ..h    7.  1869;  res.  1S78;  trans,  to  Antinoe,  1881. 

Rt    Rev.  J.ilin   V    itiii,  I'll,  cons    Sept     14.  1879. 

DIOCESE  OF  MOBILE.— See  established  1824.    Comprises  the  State  of  Alabama  and  western  Florida. 

Ki.  kcv.   \li,  I,.,lI  l'o,ii._r.  1)  D  ,  cons.  Nov.  5,  1826:  d.  May  14,  1859. 

Rt.  Rev,   lohn  (Jninlan.  D  D,.  cons    Dec    4,  i8sq:  d,  March  9,  t883. 

Kt.  Rev.  boniini..  .Manucv,  D  h  .  res   O.-tnher.' 1SS4  ;  d.  Dec.  4,  18S5, 

Rt.   Rev.  Jeremish  c  I'Suljiva.,,  D,  D  ,  cons.  Sept.  20,  1885. 

DIOCESE  OF  MONTEREY  AND  LOS  ANGELES.— See  established  1850.  Comprises  southern 
California. 

Rt.  Rev.  Joseph  Sadoc  Alemany,  D.D.,  O.P.,  cons.  June  30,  18=0:  tr.ans  to  San  Francisco,  Tune  29. 
i8;?. 

Amat,  t,:-M.,  D  D.,  c.ns.  .March  12,  1854:  d.  M.ay  12,  1878. 
-Mora,  r).D..  cons.  bp.  of  Mossynopolis  and  coad.,  Aug.  3,  1873:  succeeded  May 

Rt.  Rc-v    Ge'itLie  .Montgomery,  cons.  bp.  ofTmui  and  coad.,  ciiiii j'lttr  siicccssiom's,  April  8,  1894. 

DIOCESE  OF  NASHVILLE.— See  established  t837.     Comprises  the  State  of  Tennessee. 

Rt.  Rev.  Richard  Pius  Miles,  cons.  Sept.  16,  tSsS;  d.  Feb.  21,  i860. 

Rt.  Rev.  James  Whelan,  cons.  May,  18-9;  res.  1863:  d.  1878. 

Rt.  Rev.  P.  A    Feehan,  cons.  Nov.  1,  1865:  created  first  abp.  of  Chicago,  1880. 

Rt.  kev.  Joseph  Rademacher,  D.D.,  cons.  June  24,  1883;  trans,  to  Fort  Wayne,  July  14,  1803. 

Rt.  Rev.    I'homas  S.  Byrne,  D.D.,  cons.  1893. 

DIOCESE  OF  NATCHEZ.— See  erected  1837.     Comprises  the  State  of  Mississippi. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  |,  Ch.ance,  D.D.,  cons.  March  14,  1841:  d.  July  22,  1852. 

Rt.  Rev.  J.  O.  Van  De  Velde,  D  D.,  trans,  from  Chicago,  July  20,  1853;  d.  Nov.  13,  1851. 

Rt.  Rev.  Wilham  Henry  Elder,  D.D.,  cons.  May  3,  1857:  tran's.  to  Cincmnati,  1880. 

Rl.  Rev.  Francis  Janssens,  D.D.,  cons.  May  i,  1881  :  promoted  to  the  archiepiscopal  see  of  New  ( )r- 


Rt    Rpv    ■ni..n,n-  H'-  =  !in.  rr>:.s     lone  18,  1889. 

DIOCESE  OF  NATCHITOCHES.— See  established  1853.     Comprises  northern  pat t  of  Louisiana. 

I'!      !■  \    ,-       ■  ■>!       'I     ::i     ,         ■.-     Nov.    30,  1853:  d.   Sept.   20,   1S75. 

I'l  l<  I  ,  I  \  I  1'  :  1  '  [  ,v  .  ,  oils.  April  22,  1877:  named  bp.  of  Janopolis,  coad.  of  New  (Orleans. 
and  :i^lniiiii-tr.ii    1     i.o.iii.i..  1  t, ,  s^..;  ,,r.\ew  Orleans,  December,  i8s3:  d.  Sept.  23,  1887. 

Rl    k.;x.  Anthony  Duner,  D.D.,  cons.  March  to,  1885. 

DIOCESE  OF  NESQU ALLY.- See  established  1850.     Comprises  the  State  of  W.ashinEt<m. 

Rt  Ki>  A  \l  \  IJI.uichet,  cons.  bp.  of  Walla  Walla,  Sept.  27,  1846:  trans,  to  Nesqiially.  May  31, 
iS5,,:r..    1- lip    of  I  bora:  d.  Feb.  25,  1887. 

Kt    I  I  _i      1-   loii^ir,  D.D.,  cons.  Oct.  28,  if79. 

DIOCESE  OF  NEWARK.-See  erected  1853.  Comprises  counties  of  Hudson,  Pass.aic.  Bergen,  Esse.v, 
Union,  ;\loiiis,  .,i,d  .s,us»c.x,  in  New  Jersey. 

Most  Rev.  James  Roosevelt  Bayley,  D.D.,  cons.  Oct.  30,  1853 ;  promoted  to  archiepiscopal  see  of  Bal- 
timore, July  30,  1872. 

.Most  Rev  Michael  .Augustine  Corrigan,  D.D.,  cons.  May  4,  1S73:  promoted  to  archiepiscopal  see  of 
New  ^■or'-.  t  »^^t     T,  T^P,- 

Kt    I'         W  r      ,,'  Ml,  In- I  Wigger,  D.D.,  cons.  Oct.  tS,  1881. 

DIOCESE  OF  OGDENSBURG.— See  erected  1872.     Comprises  portions  of  norihein  New  York. 

Kl    K   ^     I    1^  11   I'    \\  .lohams.  D.D.,  cons.  May  s,  1872;  d.  Dec.  5,  i8qi. 

kt.  Kev.  Henry  I  .abnels,  D  1>.,  cons.  May  5,  ■1892. 

DIOCESE  OF  OMAHA.— See  created  1885.     Comprises  that  part  of  Nebraska  north  of  south  shore  of 


Ixii  fill:    El'ISCOrAlK    I.V  ,tMi:KJCI. 

Rt.  Kcv.  James  O'Gorman,  IJ.  IJ.,  cons  bp.  of  Raphanea  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Nebraska,  May  8,  1859 ; 
d.  July  4.  1874. 

Rl.  Rev.  James  OCoiinor,  U.D.,  cons,  lilular  bp.  of  Dibona,  Aug.  20,  1876:  bp.  of  Omaha,  Oct  :, 
1885;  d.  May  27.  '890. 

Rl  Rev.  Richard  Scannell,  D.D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Concordia,  Nov.  30,  1887;  trans,  to  Omaha,  Jan.  31, 
.89.. 

DIOCESE  OF  PEORIA.— ^ce  erected  1877.     Comprises  southern  part  of  Illinois. 

Hi    1:    .     I    !,:,  I   ,h    ,  t.  I  -(...iding,  D.U.,  cons.  May  i,  1S77. 

DIOCESE  OF  PITTSBURG.— See  erected  1843.     Comprises  fifteen  counties  in  western  Pcnnsylvanixi. 

Ki.  Ktv.  .\1.  o  L..iii..,r,  U.U.,  cons.  Aug.  15,1843;  trans,  to  Erie  and  then  again  to  Pittsburg;  res. 
May,  i860;  d.  Oct.  18,  1S72. 

Rt.  Rev.  M.  Domenec,  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  9,  i860;  trans,  to  Alleghany  (from  Jan.  11,  1876,  to  Aug.  3, 
1877,  tlividcd  from  Pittsburg),  Jan.  ii,  1876;  res.  July  29,  1877  ;  d.  at  Tarragona,  Spain,  Jan.  5,  1878. 

Rt,  Krv    1     I'lii-u,  I)  !>.,  cons.  March  19,  1876;  d.  Dec.  7.  1880. 

Rt    R.  V    ki.  h  ir.l  I'liclan.  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  2,  1885;  titular  bp.  of  Cibvta  and  coad.  to  Bishop  Tuigg; 

SUCCCfik-.l  1..  sc...   IlLx.   7,  iS8u. 

DIOCESE  OF  PORTLAND.— See  established  1855.     Comprises  the  State  of  Maine 

Rl.  Kc>     ll..^L.l  \\     r..u.>ii,  1).I3.,  cons.  April  22,  1855:  d.  Nov.  5,  1874. 

Rt,  K.i     |,ouis   \uL;nMim:  Hc.ilcy,  D.D.,  cous.  Juiie2,  1875. 

DIOCESE  OF  PROVIDENCE.— EslablLshed  1872.     Comprises  the  State  of  Rhode  Island  and  portions 

of  Mass.,,  li,,s,.(ls  Ivui^  .ulj.u.cnl, 

Ki    K.A     I  h. in,, IS  lUii.lnacn,  D.D.,  cons.  April  28,  1872;  d.  June  11,  1886. 

Rt,  k.  V     M.,iil,._u   H.,rkiiis,  D.D.,  cons.  April  14.  1887. 

DIOCESE  OF  RICHMOND.— Established  1821.  Comprises  eastern  Virginia  and  part  of  the  valley 
between  llie  .MleKl>;iiiy  and  llliie  Ridge  mountains. 

Rt.  Kev.  Patrick  Kelly,  D.D.,  cons.  1S21;  trans,  to  Waterford  and  I.ismore,  Ireland,  1822;  d.  Oct.  8, 
1829. 

Rt.  Rev.  Richard  V.  Whclan,  cons.  March  21,  1841  ;  trans,  to  Wheeling,  July  23,  1850;  d.  1874. 

Rt.  Kev.  John  MclJill,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  10,  1850;  d.  Jan.  14,  1872. 

Rt.  Rev.  James  Gibbons,  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  16.  1868;  bp.  of  Adramyttum,  etc  ;  trans,  to  see  of  Rich- 
mond, July  30,  1872  ;  trans,  to  see  of  Baltimore,  Oct.  3,  1877. 

Rt,  Rev,  John  J.  Keaue,  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  25,  1878;  trans,  to  Ajasso,  August,  l888. 

Rl.  Ri\    A.  Van  De  Vyver,  cons.  1889. 

DIOCESE  OF  ROCHESTER.— See  established  1868.     Ccnnprises  eight  counties  of  western  New  York. 

ki.  Rev.  Rem.ad  I.  .Mctjuaid,  D.D..  cons.  July  12,  1868. 

Vi,.,r  CuiLr.L  Kt"  Rev,  J:unes  F.  O'Hare,  D.D. 

DIOCESE  OF  SACRAMENTO.— Erected  1886.  Comprises  the  former  diocese  of  Grass  Valley,  with 
the  addri         '  iitics  in  California  and  one  in  Nevada. 

Ki    I  i     Mm      ut.  I)  n.,con.s.  coad. til  BishopO'Connell, of  Grass  Valley,  Jan.  iC,  1S81;  succeeded 

10  thcs.  .  ,   M    .  ,' 

DIOCESE  OF  ST  AUGUSTINE,  FLA.— See  erected  1870.     Comprises  east,  middle,  and  south  Florida. 

Rl  r,  \,  I  :  \ut,, I.  1>,U.,  cons.  April  25.  1858.  vicar  apostolic  of  Florida;  trans,  to  see  of  Savan- 
nih    liiK     1      I  ;    .i.|    iiiiu-l  l.|'    "f  St.  Augustine,  March,  1E70;  d,  June  10,  1876. 

Rl,  kev     l-liii  .Mm,, re,  li.ll,,  cons.  May  13,  187;. 

DIOCESE  OF  ST.  CLOUD.— See  erected  1889.     Comprises  si.xtcen  counties  in  the  State  of  Minnesota. 

Rl     Rev,  llltu  Zanlelli.  11  D.,  cons.  Oct.  20,  1889. 

AilminlMr,.t<,r.   Rt,  Rev     .\Igr,  J.  P.  Bauer. 

DIOCESE  OF  ST.  JOSEPH.— See  established  1868.  Comprises  that  part  of  Missouri  between  the 
Missouri  .ind  Chariton  rivers, 

Rt.  Rev,  M.  F.  Burke,  trans,  to  St.  Joseph,  June  19,  1893. 

DIOCESE  OF  SALT  LAKE.— See  erected   1891.     Comprises  the  State  of  Uuih  and  six  counties  in 

"  '"'ri*  Rev.  Lawrence  Scanlan,  D.D  ,  cons.  bp.  of  Larai.den,  June  29,  1887;  trans,  to  Salt  Lake,  Jan.  30, 
1891. 

DIOCESE  OF  SAN  ANTONIO.— See  erected  1874.  Comprises  the  State  of  Texas  between  the  Colo- 
rado ami  KiM  l.riiid,  n>er~  e^ecpt  that  portion  south  of  the  .Arroyo  de  los  Hermanoson  the  Rio  Grande,  and 
the  cniimie-  Mt  live  I  l.ik.  l;ee,  Goliad,  and  Refugio. 

Kt    Kei     XniliMin  I niic  Pellicer.  D.D.,  cons.  Dec.  8,  1874;  d.  Apni  14,  1880. 

Rl,  K.  V    Jnhi,  L,'  Ner.i7.  1.1,  D.,  cons.  May  8,  1881. 

DIOCESE  OF  SAVANNAH.— See  established  1850.     Comprises  ihe  State  of  Georgia. 

Rl    Rev.  Fr.uieis  .\.  Gartland.  cons.  Nov.  10,  1850;  d.  Sept,  20,  1854. 

k:.  Rev,   lolm  l;arr\-,  D.D,,  cons.  Aug.  2,  1857;  d.  Nov.  21,  1859. 

Rt    Rev.  Augustus  Verot,  D.D.,  trans,  to  St.  Augustine,  March  11,  1870. 

Rt.  Rev.  IgtTatius  Persico,  D.D.,  trans,  to  this  see,  March  Ji,  1870;  res.  1872. 

Rt.  Rev.  W.  H   Gross,  C.SS.R.,  D.D.,  cons.  April  27,  1873 ;  trans,  to  Oregon,  1885. 

Rt.  Rev  Thomas  A.  Becker,  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  16,  1868,  bp.  of  Wilmington ;  trans,  to  Savannah,  March 

-n,   iSSt'-. 

DIOCESE  OF  SCRANTON.— See  established  1868.     Comprises  eleven  counties  in  central  Pennsylvania. 

Rl.  Ke>,  Willi.un  OH.im.  cons.  July  12,  1868. 

DIOCESE  OF  SIOUX  FALLS,  S.  D.— Established  1S89.     Comprises  the  Slate  of  South  Dakota. 

Rl    k,  >,  \]    M.iiiv,  |i,|i  .  1  >  -s  1;,.  cons.  1889. 

DIOCESE  OF  SPRINGFIELD.— F.siablishcd  1870.     Comprises  five  counties  in  western  Massachusetts. 

Rl    Re.    1',   I,  II  Reillv.  li.D.,  cons,  Sept.  25,  1870;  d.  May  28,  1892. 

Rt.  Kev.  Thom.as  D.iniel  Heaven,  D.D.,  cons.  Oct.  18,  1892. 

DIOCESE  OF  SYRACUSE.- See  established  1886.     Comprises  seven  counties  in  central  New  York. 

Rt.  Rev.  P.  A.  Ludden,  D  D.,  cons.  May  i,  1S87. 


JA-'J-A'0DCC'J70.\:  Ixiii 

DIOCESE  OF  TRENTON.— See  established  1881.     Cuniprises  fourteen  counties  in  the  Slate  of  New 

Kl    Rev    Michael  I.  O'Farrell,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  j,  i88i :  d.  1894. 

Kt    Kcv,  James  .Xii^ii^tuie  McFaul,  cons.  Oct.  18,  1894. 

DIOCESE  OF  VINCENNES— See  established  1834.     Comprises  southern  Indiana. 

Rt.  Rev.  .Samuel  G.ibn..!  Brute,  cons.  1834;    d.  1839. 

Rt.  Rev.  Celestine  De  la  Hailandiere,  cons.  1839;  d-  '88-. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  S.  Bazin,  cons.  1847:   d.  1848. 

Rt.  Rev.  .Maurice  De  St.  Palais,  D.D.,  cons.  Jan.  14,  1849:   d.  June  28,  1S77. 

Rt.  Rev.  Francis  Silas  Chatard,  D.D.,  cons.  May  12,  1S78. 

Vicar-General,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  August  Bessonies. 

DIOCESE  OF  WHEELING.— See  established  1850.  Comprises  the  State  of  West  Virginia,  save 
eight  counties,  and  purtions  of  Virginia. 

Rl.  Rev.  Richard  Vincent  Whelan,  D.D.,  cons.  March  21,  1841,  bp.  of  Richmond;  trans,  to  Wheeling, 
1850;  d.  July  7,  1874. 

Rl.  Rev.  John  Joseph  Kain,  D.D.,  cons.  May  23,  1875;  trans.  June  15,  1893,  to  the  archiepiscopal  see 
of  O.xyrynchia.  and  appointed  July  6,  1893,  coad.,  c.j.  s.,  to  the  abp.  of  St.  Louis. 

DIOCESE  OF  WICHITA.-See  established  1887.     Comprises  southwestern  pan  of  Kansas. 

Kt,  K..%     I.uin,  11  K,_,iK.  li.D.,  bp.  elect:   d.  July  26,  1887. 

Rl    K.v     |,.hn  J"s,:,,|,  Hiiiiiessy,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  30,  1888. 

DIOCESE  OF  WILMINGTON.-See  established  1868.  Comprises  the  Slate  of  Delaw.ue  and  the 
eastern  shores  of  Maryland  and  Virginia. 

Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  A.  Becker,  D.D.,  cons.  Aug.  16,  i86£:   trans,  to  Savannah,  1S86 

Rt.  Rev    Alfred  .\.  Curtis,  D.D.,  cons.  Nov.  14,  1886. 

DIOCESE  OF  WINONA.-Sec  established  1889.     Comprises  twenty  counties  in  Minnesota. 

kt.  Rev     J....  ph  1:    ('..11.1.   n  11.,  cnns    Ili-c    27',  1889. 

VICARIATE  APOSTOLIC  OF  ALASKA.— Erected  1804.     dmprises  Alaska  Territorv. 

Rt.  Rev.  I'a^c.il    I..-1,  .S  J.,  MCar  apnsoilic, 

VICARIATE  OF  ARIZONA.— Established  i86g.  Comprises  .Arizona  and  southern  extreme  of  New- 
Mexico. 

Most  Rev.  J.  B  Salpoinle,  D  D.,  cons.  bp.  of  Doryla  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Arizona.  June  20,  18C9; 
appointed  coad.  of  Santa  Fe.  .     /   .v  ,  .*\pril  22.  1884. 

Rl.  Rev.  P.  Bourgade,  cons.  -May  i,  1885. 

VICARIATE  APOSTOLIC  OF  BROWNSVILLE.— Erected  1674,  Comprises  portions  of  southeastern 
Texas. 

Rt.  Rev,  Dommic  Manucv,  cons,  titular  l.p,  of  Dulma  and  vicar  apostolic  of  Brownsville,  Dec.  8.  1874; 
d    Dec,  4,  188-,, 

Rt.  Rev.  Peter  Verdaguer,  cons.  bp.  of.Aulon.  Nov.  o,  1890. 

VICARIATE  APOSTOLIC  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA.-Established  1868.  Comprises  the  State  of 
North  Carolina. 

His  Eminence  the  Most  Rev.  James,  Cardinal  Gibbons,  D.D.,  cons.  1868,  etc. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  J.  Keane,  D.D  ,  cons.  bp.  of  Richmond,  etc.,  1878. 

Rt.  Rev,  H.  P.  Northrop,  bp.  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  :  cons.  bp.  of  Rosalia,  Jan.  8,  1882;  trans,  to 
Chariest,  in.    Ian,  27.  iS8^ 

Rt.  Kev    Leo  H.,rd.M),Il  ,  O.S.B,,  cons,  titulai  bp,  of  .Messene.  July  i,  18S8. 

VICARIATE  APOSTOLIC  OF  THE  INDIAN  TERRITORY.-Erected  1891.  Comprises  Okla- 
homa and  the  Indian  Territory. 

Rt.  Rev,  Theophile  Meerschaert,  cons,  titular  abp    of  Sidyniorum,  Sept.  8,  1891. 


VI. 


'iUP:   iMiREIG-X  rm'KCHES  KKCEtVIXC  THE  EPISCOIWTE  FROM    [TIE 

.\.\iEKi(;.v\  rm'Kru. 
The  CiUKcu  l\  H.viie 

COVEX-ANT    BKTWKEX     IHE    .AMERIC.-\N    CHURCH    AND     IHE    CHURCH     IN 
H.\ni,    I).\TE|l    .VOVK-MBKR    3,    1874. 

I.\  the  name  of  the  Must  Huh  ami  L'luHxidetl  Trinit}-,  I^'ather, 
Son,  aiul  Holy  Ghost.      j\nien. 

The  following  Covenant,  or  Articles  of  Agreement,  Concord, 
and  Union,  between  the  House  of  Hi.shops  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  -States  of  America  of  the  first  part,  and 
the  Coiuocation  of  the  Trutestant  l{piscopal  Church  in  the  Repiib- 


Ixiv  I  III:    El'ISCOI'.lJ  J-:    IX   AMEKICl. 

lie  ot  Haiti  nf  the  second  ]jarl,  establishes  the  ensuing  sti])ulations 
intilualK-  entcri-il  iiiln  by  the  two  Churches  aforesaid: 

Aim  nil'.  I.  The  llDuseof  Hishops  aforesaid,  in  consideration  of 
tlu'  fact  that  all  the  cleri^y,  eleven  in  number,  belonging  to  the 
Church  in  Haiti  owe  no  allegiance  to  the  government  of  these 
United  States,  but  are  Haitian  citizens,  do  hereby  recognize  the 
aforesaid  Church  in  Haiti  as  of  right,  as  also  in  jjoint  of  fact,  a  for- 
eign Church,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  within  the  meaning  of 
Article  lo  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Protestant  episcopal  Church  in 
the  said  United  States  of  America.  Hut  while  the  aforesaid  House 
of  liishops  doth  thus  recognize  the  Church  in  Haiti  to  be  a  foreign 
Church.  \'et  during  its  early  growth  and  development  it  shall  con- 
tinue to  cnjo)-  the  nursing  care  of  the  Church  in  these  United  States 
until  the  Church  in  Haiti  shall  attain  to  competency  for  its  own  sup- 
])ort,  and  to  a  sufficiency  in  its  episcopate  for  the  administration  of 
its  ow  n  a(Vaii-s,  according  to  the  requirements  of  the  ancient  canons 
and  priniitix^e  usages  of  the  Church  of  Christ. 

Art.  2.  The  House  of  Bishops,  acting  under  the  aforesaid  Article 
lO  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Ciuirch  in  the 
United  States  of  ^America,  and  availing  itself  of  the  concession 
made  to  them  by  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  Republic 
of  Haiti  in  the  stipulation  containeil  in  Article  5  following  of  this 
Covenant,  will  designate  and  consecrate  to  the  office  of  bisliop  one 
of  the  clergymen  of  the  afore.said  Church  in  Haiti  (making  selection 
of  the  said  person  according  to  the  best  of  its  godly  judgment  as  to 
his  fitness  and  qualifications  for  such  a  high  and  holy  vocation). 

Art.  3.  The  said  House  of  Bishops  furthermore  agrees  to  name 
from  among  its  own  members  a  commission  of  four  bishops,  with 
whom  the  aforesaid  bishcjp  or  bishops  to  be  consecrated  for  the 
Church  in  Haiti  shall  be  associated.  And  this  commission  shall 
form  a  temporary  Board  of  Administration  for  the  e])iscopal  go\-- 
ernmcnt  of  the  Church  in  Haiti.  And,  as  such,  a  majority  of  the 
same  shall  be  competent  to  take  order  for  the  designation  and  con- 
secration of  future  bishops  in  Haiti,  as  the  necessity  may  arise,  on 
the  demand  of  the  Convocation  of  the  Church  in  that  republic. 
Tiie  said  temjjorary  Board  of  Administration  shall  be  furthermore 
empowered  to  adininister  all  the  discipline'  pertaining  to  the  episco- 
pal order  of  the  ministry  for  the  Church  in  Haiti  until  at  least  three 
bisho]>s  shall  be  designated,  consecrated,  and  canonically  established 
in  said  Church.  It  being  understood  that  this  commission  of  bish- 
ops shall  be  go\erned  in  the  exercise  of  their  episcopal  administration, 
judgments,  and  acts  by  the  provisions  contained  in  the  Constitution 
and  canons  of  the  Protestant  P^piscopal  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America,  so  far  as  the  same  can  be  applied  to  the  divergent 
circumstances  of  the  Ciiurch  in  Haiti. 


/.\'//:()/>rcy/(>.v.  ixv 

Art.  4.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  Haiti  on  its  part 
agrees  always  to  guarti  in  all  their  essentials  a  conformit\'  to  the 
doctrine,  worship,  and  discipline  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  United  States  of  America,  as  the  same  are  set  forth  in  the 
duly  authorized  standards  of  the  said  Church,  and  tliat  it  will  not 
depart  therefrom  any  further  than  local  circumstances  shall  make  it 
necessary. 

Art.  5.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  Haiti  further 
agrees  to  concede  to  the  House  of  Bishops  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  the  choice  of  its 
first  bishop  to  be  consecrated ;  and  thereafter  to  concede  the  same 
[jrerogative  to  a  majority  of  the  commission  of  bishops  forming  the 
temporary  Board  of  Administration  to  choose  or  designate  among 
the  Haitian  clergy  future  bishops  on  the  demand  of  the  Convocation 
in  Haiti.  And  this  prerogative  shall  continue  until,  in  the  good 
providence  of  God,  three  bishops  shall  be  canonically  resident  and 
exercising  jurisdiction  in  the  Church  of  Haiti.  Then  this  preroga- 
tive shall  cease  on  the  part  of  the  aforesaid  commission,  and  all  its 
functions  revert  to  those  three  bishops  thus  established  in  Haiti. 

In  testimony  whereof,  these  Articles  have  been  signed  in  dupli- 
cate, on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Bishops  by  the  bishops  appointed 
for  that  purpose,  and  on  the  part  of  the  Convocation  of  the  Church 
in  Haiti  by  its  dean,  who  has  exhibited  duly  authenticated  creden- 
tials clothing  him  with  full  power  to  act  in  this  matter  in  the  name 
and  in  the  behalf  of  the  Con\'ocation  aforesaid. 

Done  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  third  day  of  November,  in 
the  vcAT  of  our  Ein\i  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  se\enty-lour. 
(Signed)  Jame.s  THEODORE  Hoi.i.v, 

/',•<?//,  <-/r. 
William  R.  Win  rTixi.iiAM, 

Bish'^p  of  Marylaiui. 

Alfred  Lee, 

lUshop  of  llclai.'air. 
Thomas  A  rKixscx, 

lUihop  of  Xortli  Cciroluin. 
HdRATKi  Potter, 

nislnf  of  Xcz.'   York. 
G.  T.  Bedell, 

Bishop  of  tin-  Dioaso  of  0/iio. 
A.  Cleveland  Coxe, 

Bishop  of  Western  Xcw  York. 
Done  in  my  presence,  and  du])licates  exchanged. 

Attest:  Hexrv  C.  Potter, 

Secretary  of  the  House  of  Bishops. 


Ixvi  ////•     I  I'ISCOl' [  1 1-    l\\MI-k-li,[. 

Till';  first  bishop  consecrated  b\-  the  Churcli  in  the  United  Slates 
for  the  Haitian  Church — a.  man  of  African  descent,  l)iit  of  free-born 
ancestors — was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C,  i82(j. 

Reared  in  tlie  faitii  and  coninuinion  of  the  Holy  Roman  Church, 
lie  obtained  his  education  in  the  schools  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn, 
in  which  cities  his  jiarents  successively  resided. 

Turning  his  attention  to  the  ministry,  he  was  atlniitted  to  the  diac- 
onate  in  St.  Paul's  Ciuirch,  Detroit,  Alich.,  June  17,  1S55,  by  Bishop 
McCoskry.  The  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Williams,  of  Connecticut,  advanced 
liim  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Luke's  Church,  New  Ha\en,  Jan.  3,  1856. 

Visiting  Haiti  in  the  interest  of  the  Foreign  Committee,  with  a 
view  of  reporting  as  to  its  openings  for  mission  work,  he  returned 
after  two  months  spent  in  careful  examination  of  the  spiritual  needs 
of  the  people;  and  finding  the  funds  of  the  committee  inadequate 
to  undertaking  the  work,  he  took  charge  of  St.  Luke's,  New 
Haven,  where  he  ministen-d  until  1S61.  In  May  of  that  year  he 
took  out  a  missionary  colony  ot  one  hundred  and  eleven  persons  to 
Haiti,  landing  at  Fori  au  I'liiKc  Hardships,  sickness,  death,  hin- 
dered the  success  of  the  plan.  In  si.x  months  forty-three  of  the  set- 
tlers died.  The  missionary's  family  of  eight  was  reduced  to  three. 
Most  of  the  colonists  returned  to  the  Lfnited  States:  but  the  devoted 
Holly,  witii  about  a  score  of  (.)thers,  remained  lichind  and  perse\'ered 
in  the  plan  they  had  undertaken. 

In  1863  Bishop  Alfred  Lee  confirmed,  on  a  visitation  to  Port  au 
Prince,  twenty-six  persons.  In  1865  the  Foreign  Committee  as- 
sumed the  charge  of  the  mission,  and  the  following  year  Bishop 
George  Burgess  made  a  visitation,  ordaining  a  deacon  and  a  priest 
and  holding  several  confirmations,  dying  at  sea  on  his  return  home. 

Toward  the  close  of  1872  and  early  in  1873  Bishop  Cleveland 
Coxe  spent  si.x  weeks  in  Haiti,  consecrated  the  Memorial  Church 
of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Port  au  Prince,  dedicated  an  educational  build- 
ing, confirmed  fifty-three,  ordained  six  deacons  and  five  priests,  and 
])articipated  in  numerous  services. 

In  1874  Holly  was  elected  bishoj)  of  the  Haitian  Church,  and 
was  consecrated  in  Grace  Church,  New  York,  Nov.  8,  1874,  by 
Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  Alfred  Lee,  Horatio  I'otter,  Stevens,  Coxe, 
Kerfoot,  and  Dr.  Reginald  Courtenay,  bishop  of  Kingston,  W.  I. 

Bishop  Holly  attended,  by  invitation  of  the  archbishop  ot  Can- 
terbur\-,  the  Lambeth  Conference  of  1878,  the  government  of  the 
republic  meeting  the  charges  of  this  visit. 

The  work  of  the  Haitian  Church  has  gone  on,  though  retarded 
by  many  adverse  circumstances.  It  bids  fair  to  prove  an  important 
element  in  the  regeneration  of  the  island. 


J\77aiJU'C/JOX.  Ixvii 

The  CiiiKcii   ix   Mexico. 

DECLARATION     READ    AT     ITIK    IdN'SErU  A  III  )X    DF    THE    FIRST    RISHOP    OF 
IHE    VAIT  KV    OF     MEXICO. 

Whereas,  a  Covenant,  or  Articles  of  AL;"reement,  Concdnl,  and 
Union,  have  been  entered  into  between  tlie  bishops  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  Mexican 
branch  of  the  Catholic  Church  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  militant 
upon  earth ;  said  Covenant  having  been  adopted  and  confirmed  by 
the  said  bishops  of  the  Protestant  Eijiscopal  Church,  assembled  in 
council,  in  the  city  of  New  \'ork,  on  the  twent_\'-ninth  dav  cjf 
October,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousaiul  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-five,  and  having  been  adopted  and  confirmed  b\-  dul\-  ap- 
pointed representatives  of  the  said  IMexican  Church,  in  the  cit\-  of 
Mexico,  on  the  fifth  day  of  January,  in  the  \'ear  of  our  Lord  nne 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six  ; 

In  which  Covenant  the  said  bishops  did  recognize  the  aforesaid 
Mexican  Church  as  being  of  right,  as  also  in  point  of  fact,  a  foreign 
Church,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  within  the  meaning  of  the  tenth 
article  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
Luiited  States  of  America ;  and  did  agree  to  consecrate  to  the  office 
of  bishop  one  or  more  persons,  duly  elected  b\-  the  said  Mexican 
Church,  alter  receiving  satisfactory  e\'idence  of  their  election  by  the 
said  Church,  ami  of  their  fitness  and  (iiialifications  for  such  a  high 
and  holy  vocation  ; 

And  Whereas  it  was  further  stipulated,  in  the  Covenant  abo\e 
mentioned,  that  the  said  bishops  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  United  States  would  name  from  among  themselves  a  cimi- 
mission  of  seven  bishops,  with  whom  the  bishop  or  bishops  so  to  be 
consecrated  for  the  said  Mexican  Church  should  be  associateil  as  a 
temporary  Board  of  Administration  for  the  episcDpal  government  of 
the  said  Mexican  Church,  and  that  a  majority  of  the  said  com- 
mission should  be  competent  to  take  order  for  the  consecration  of 
bishops  for  said  Church,  as  the  necessit}'  may  arise,  on  the  demand 
of  said  Church  ; 

And  Whereas  it  was  further  resohed  by  the  said  bishoj)s  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  in  council  assembled,  that,  when  the 
ratification  of  the  aforesaid  Covenant  shall  have  taken  place,  the 
commission,  so  appointed  as  abo\-e  stated,  is  empowered  to  recei\e, 
examine,  and  report  to  the  presiding  bishop  of  the  Protestant  P2pis- 
copal  Church,  upon  the  exidence  of  election  and  testimonials  of 
qualification  of  the  person  or  persons  presented  by  the  synodical 
authority  of  the  said  Mexican  Church  for  consecration  to  the 
episcopate ; 

And  it  was  further  resohed  that  the  presiding  bishop  is  hereby 


ixviii  iiir.  r.riscor.iiE  ix  ami-.kica. 

rci)iicstcd  and  cmpowcrcil,  wlicn  lie  shall  ha\c  iccci\e<l  any  such 
report  from  the  said  commission,  to  tai\e  order  for  the  consecration 
of  such  person  or  persons  as  may  be  reported  to  him  by  the  said 
commission  as  duly  elected  and  qualified  ; 

i\nd  WllKKKAS  the  said  bishops  in  council,  on  the  twi-iil^-ninth 
da\'  of  October,  A.U.  1875,  did  ajjpoint  the  Rt.  Rev.  William  K. 
W'hittingham,  bishop  of  Maryland  ;  the  Rt.  Rev.  Alfred  Lee,  bisho]) 
of  Delaware;  the  Rt.  Rev.  Gregory  Thurston  Hedell,  bishop  of 
Ohio;  the  Rt.  Re\-.  William  Hacon  Stevens,  bishop  of  I'ennsyKania ; 
the  Rt.  Re\-.  Arthur  Cle\'eland  Coxe,  bisho])  of  Western  New  York  ; 
the  Rt.  Re\-.  John  J^arrctt  Kerfoot,  bishop  of  PittsburL; ;  and  the  Rt. 
Re\'.  .\l)rani  Newkirk  Litllejohn,  bishop  of  Long  Island,  to  be  their 
commission,  for  the  ])urposes  above  recited; 

Now,  therefore,  we.  the  bishops  above  named,  composing  th.e 
said  commission  so  appointed  and  empowered,  do  certify  that,  aftei 
examination  of  the  evidence  of  election  and  testimonials  of  qualifi- 
cation of  tlu'  Re\-.  Menry  Chauncey  Riley,  D.D.,  certified  to  us  as 
duly  elected  bishop  of  the  Valley  of  Mexico,  ha\ing  found  the 
same  satisfactorv,  we  reported  to  the  Rt.  Re\-.  Beniamin  l^osworth 
Smith,  U.D.,  jjresiding  bishop,  that  the  said  Ileniy  C'haunce\-  Rile_\- 
was  duly  elected  and  (]ualified. 

1l3cnr\>  (Ihauncc\?  1Rilc\?. 

Henrv  Cll.MXtKV  Rll.KV  was  born  in  Santiago  de  Chile,  South 
America,  Dec.  15,  1835.  ^'<-'  ^^'is  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  1858,  and  studied  theology  under  the  Re\-.  Charles 
Dallas  Marston,  London.  He  was  ordained  deacon  and  ])ricst  by 
l^ishop  Horatio  Potter,  in  New  York,  1866.  After  a  short  ser\ice 
at  the  Spanish  Church  of  Santiago,  New  York,  he  remo\-ed  to  the 
city  of  Mexico. 

He  was  consecratetl  in  I'linity  Chuirh,  Pittsburg,  Pa,.  June  24, 
1879,  with  the  title  of  "  liishop  of  the  \'alley  of  Mexico."  The 
consecrators  were  ]5ishops  .Alfred  Lee,  Pedell,  Ste\ens,  Coxe,  Ker- 
foot, Littlejohn,  and  Peterkin. 

He  was  iiuited  to  i-esigii  by  the  House  of  ]5ishops,  in  October, 
l8<S:;,  and  _\-ielded  to  the  request  April  24,   I  884. 

The  original  organization  of  the  Church  is  temporarih-  in  abey- 
ance. The  government  is  now  in  the  Cuer])o  licclesiastico,  which 
consists  of  the  clergy  and  lay  representatives  of  the  congregations ; 
the  episcopal  authority  being,  by  election  of  the  Cuerpo,  in  the  pre- 
siding bishop  of  the  American  Church.  The  bishfip  of  New  Mex- 
ico and  Arizona  is  the  commissar)-  of  the  presiding  bishop,  with 
power  to  act  for  him. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  SAMUEL  SEABURV,  D.D. 


Samuel  Scabur^. 


Born  Nov.  30,  1729,  at  North  Groton  (now  Ledyard),  Conn., 
Samuel  Seabury  was  the  son  of  a  Congregationalist  minister  who 
had  been  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  antl  who  became  a  con- 
vert to  the  Church  of  England. 

It  was  but  natural  that  the  son  of  a  missionary  of  the  \'enerable 
Society  for  the  Propagation  ot  the  Cj(_ispel  in  l'"oreign  Parts  shnukl, 
on  his  graduation  at  Yale  College  in  1748,  turn  his  attention  toward 
the  ministry  of  the  Church.  Crossing  the  ocean  f(ir  holy  uriiers,  he 
prefaced  his  application  for  admission  to  the  iliacDiiate  by  a  course 
of  study  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pldinburgh,  where,  there 
is  every  reason  to  belie\'e,  he  became  acquainted  with  the  I'^piscopal 
Church  in  Scotland,  then,  as  for  many  subsequent  years,  under  the 
ban  of  the  government  for  its  adhesion  to  the  cause  of  the  house  of 
Stuart. 

Returning  to  England,  Seabury  was  ordered  deacon  by  the 
bishop  of  Lincoln,  Dr.  John  Thomas,  acting  for  the  bishop  of  Lon- 
don, Dec.  2\,  1753,  and,  two  days  later,  was  ad\anceil  to  the 
priesthood  by  the  bishop  of  Carlisle,  Dr.  C)sljal(lest<.in,  who  was 
administering  holy  orders  for  the  same  bishop  of  London,  then  in- 
capacitated by  disease  from  the  exercise  of  his  episcopal  functions. 

Returning  to  his  native  land,  Seabury  became  successi\'el\-  rector 
of  Christ's  Church,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  (1734);  Grace  Church, 
Jamaica,  L.  L  {1757);  and  St.  Peter's,  Westchester,  N.  Y.  (1766). 
At  the  latter  place  he  established  a  Church  school,  which  met  with 
no  little  success  until  political  complications  compelled  the  closing 
of  its  doors. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  \\^ar  of  the  Rexohition,  Sealiury,  who 
had  already  attained  prominence  among  the  New  York  clergy, 
adhered  to  the  crown.  For  the  bold  avowal  of  his  lo\-alt_\",  he  be- 
came an  object  of  the  male\'olence  of  the  "  Sons  of  Liberty,"  and 
was  arrested  and  taken  into  Connecticut  b}'  an  armed  mob  under 
circumstances  which  reflected  no  credit  upon  the  patriot  cause. 
His  home  was  broken  up,  his  family  despoiled  and  exposed  to  per- 
sonal violence,  and  he  was  finally  driven  within  the  British  lines. 
Never  relaxing  his  devotion  to  his  ministerial  w^ork,  he  became  a 
chaplain  to  the  royal  forces,  and  performed  the  duties  of  his  calling 
throughout  the  war. 


2  THE  j:r/sco/\t ■/■/■:  /\  amkkica. 

On  Laily-day,  IJS^,  al  W'oiulhury,  Conn.,  in  the  house  occupied 
by  tlie  incumbent  of  the  cure,  the  Rev.  John  R.  Marshall,  A.M., 
ten  of  the  Connecticut  clergy,  who  had  remained  with  their  people 
through  the  war,  met  in  convocation,  and  after  passing  a  compli- 
mentary \ote  of  recognition  of  the  ser\ices  and  devotion  of  the 
excellent  though  infirm  Dr.  Jeremiah  Leaming,  elected  Samuel 
Seabury,  who  had  received  his  doctorate  from  the  University  of 
O.xford  during  the  strife,  to  the  episcopate  of  Connecticut. 

Recognizing  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  the  attainment  of  their 
desire,  these  far-seeing  men  instructed  their  bishop  elect  to  seek  for 
consecration  first  in  ICngland,  and,  failing  there,  to  claim  it  at  the 
hands  of  "  the  Catholic  remainder  of  the  Church  in  Scotland." 

When  the  bishop  elect  of  Connecticut  reached  England  on  his 
quest  for  consecration  the  relations  between  the  mother-land  and 
the  now  independent  American  States  were  still  in  a  measure 
strained  ;  and  although  bearing  the  highest  testimonials  and  recom- 
mendations from  leading  men  of  both  the  patriot  and  the  royalist 
parties.  Dr.  Seabury  found  himself  politely  but  effectually  denied 
the  accomplishment  of  his  object.  Wearied  by  delays  in  the  way 
of  his  obtaining  consecration  in  England,  he  turned  toward  the 
Church  in  Scotland.  His  application  to  the  Scotch  bishops  was 
seconded  by  eminent  dignitaries  of  the  English  Church,  and  he 
was  finally  consecrated  bishop  of  Connecticut,  Nov.  14,  1784,  in 
an  "  upper  room  "  at  Aberdeen.  His  consecrators  were  Dr.  Robert 
Kilgour,  the  primus,  bishop  of  Aberdeen;  Dr.  Arthur  Petrie, 
bishop  of  Ross  and  Moray ;  and  Dr.  John  Skinner,  bishop  coad- 
jutor of  Aberdeen.  A  "  Concordat  "  or  "  Bond  of  Union  "  was 
agreed  upon  and  signed  by  the  Scottish  bishops  who  participated 
in  the  consecration,  and  by  the  bishop  of  Connecticut,  which  was 
intended  to  unite  the  Churches  in  Scotland  and  Connecticut  in  a 
mutual  fellowship  in  doctrine,  discipline,  and  worship,  as  well  as  in 
brotherly  love.  This  document  was  the  first  "state  paper"  of  the 
American  Church. 

Welcomed  most  enthusiastically  on  his  return  to  his  native  State, 
the  bishop  of  Connecticut  convened  his  clergy  in  convocation  at 
Middletown,  Aug.  2,  1785,  received  their  pledges  of  canonical 
obedience  and  fealty,  gave  them  his  first  episcopal  address,  and,  in 
connection  with  this  auspicious  gathering  of  the  clergy  (together 
with  numbers  of  the  laity)  for  the  first  time  in  the  United  States  to 
welcome  their  episcopal  head,  held  his  first  ordination,  when  four 
young  men  were  ordered  deacons.  The  Rev.  Ashbel  Baldwin,  who 
had  been  active  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution  on  the  patriot 
side,  was  the  first  of  the  four  to  receive  the  laying  on  of  hands. 

The  bishop  of  Connecticut,  by  virtue  of  his  episcopal  office,  and 
through   his  charm  of  manner  and   his  entire  consecration   to  his 


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Cb;jri>foa;;3Wof<5(w:j^tKi-  /  /  /  /f:  fv(j»  Mi^-o- 


V\.    tt^*  4j<ZV4W>.^»v4v4  OAO^  ^.^  O/V^  \?OUT**tn»  ;(f  /  V 

r»    •hiuvj*d  ^^?bW!?po^f^l<»w^ef  a«>v«>^  ^  ^  /  ^  ^  ^  y 


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arU  ^if^ ^i/i^^'fi^/A^ d^'f/Lm.  im^ tttinAnui Jkim^ uinutu/iM 
^<rl!f  M»>^u*uCt^  M^/fiM'^et^jrn.  //i^4a(et(^  ^r^  *rK.S^!/n^  /!^]/i 


SAMUEL    SKAISCRY.  3 

work,  became  almost  at  once  the  bishop  of  New  England  and  por- 
tions of  New  York,  while  exercising  his  apostolic  powers  for  the 
advantage  of  the  Church  to  the  southward  as  well.  His  episcopal 
progresses  extended  to  the  north  as  far  as  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and 
X.O  the  south  to  Long  Island ;  while  candidates  for  orders  from  the 
Middle  and  Southern  States  sought  orders  at  his  hands.  Great 
numbers  received  confirmation  from  this  apostolic  man ;  while  as 
the  rector  of  St.  James's  Church,  New  London,  he  instituted  the 
weekly  eucharist,  and  by  his  discourses,  as  delivered  on  his  \isita- 
tions  and  subsequently  published  to  the  world,  made  the  Church's 
teaching  and  usage  the  rule  of  the  diocese,  and  thus  laid  the  foun- 
dation for  the  prevalence  of  that  type  of  belief  and  practice  which 
is  known  as  "  Connecticut  churchmanship." 

Bishop  Seabury  died  suddenh'  on  Feb.  25,  1796.  For  some 
years  before  his  decease  he  had  been  bishop  of  Rhode  Island  as 
well  as  Connecticut.  WHien  the  Connecticut  Church  united  with 
the  Churches  of  the  Middle  and  Southern  States  at  the  second  Gen- 
eral Convention  of  1  789,  he  became  the  first  presiding  bishop  of 
the  American  Church. 

As  a  leader  of  American  religious  thought,  Samuel  Seabury 
stands  preeminent  among  the  divines  of  his  communion.  His  writ- 
ings served  to  shape  the  theological  belief  of  John  Henry  Hobart, 
and  were  not  without  their  potent  influence  on  the  Oxford  Mo\-e- 
ment  itself.  He  was  an  intellectual  giant  among  his  fellows,  and 
after  a  century  has  passed  since  he  entered  into  rest,  "  his  works 
follow  him;"  and  his  name  shall  endure  forever. 

Works.  —  i.  Uccasionul  sermons  inliitcil  ■lurini;  and  sulisequent  to  the  war;  2. 
"  Charges  to  the  Clergy  of  Connecticut  "  ;  3.  "  (In  the  Recommendation  of  Candidates  for 
Holy  Orders,  and  on  the  Rite  of  Confirmation"  (1785);  4.  "On  the  Conduct  of  the 
Clergy,  the  Religious  Errors  of  the  Times,  and  on  the  Holy  Eucharist  "  (1786) ;  S-  "  The 
Communion  Office ;  or.  Order  for  the  Administration  of  the  Holy  Eucharist,  etc.  With 
Private  Devotions  "  (1786.  Two  editions  of  an  Annotat«l  Reprint  of  this  office  have  been 
issued  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  .Samuel  Hart,  D.D.,  of  Trinity  College,  Hartford.  It  was  earlier 
reprinted  in  vol.  iii.  of  Perry's  "  Half-century  of  Legislation:  A  Reprint  of  the  Cleneral 
Convention  Journals,  1785-1835.  With  Illustrative  Notes  and  Documents,"  Svo,  1871)  ; 
6.  "  An  Address  to  the  Ministers  and  Congreg.ations  of  the  Presbyterian  and  Independent 
Persuasions  of  the  United  States  "  (1790) ;  7.  Two  volumes  of  "  Discourses  Dedicated  to 
the  Episcopal  Clergy  of  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island"  (1793,  second  edition  1795); 
8.  "  An  Earnest  Persuasion  to  the  Frequent  Receiving  of  the  Holy  Eucharist"  (1794, 
republished  again  and  again);  g.  "The  Psalter"  (issued  for  use  at  St.  James's,  New 
London)  ;  10.  "  Sermons,"  a  single  volume,  issued  in  1798;  II.  "  Discourses  "  (2  vols., 
Hudson,  N.  V.,  1815).  In  the  Hon.  Oeorge  Shea's  "Life  of  Alexander  Hamilton" 
there  is  an  interesting  discussion  of  the  authorship  of  the  "  Westchester  Farmer's 
Pamphlets,"  which  the  writer  attributes  to  Se.ilniry. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  WIl.LIA.W   WHITE,   D.D. 


Milliam  Mbitc. 


The  son  of  prominent  and  most  worthy  parents,  William  White 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  4,  1748,  and  was  baptized  at  Christ 
Church,  in  that  cit_\-,  May  25,  1748.  He  was  graduated  in  1765  at 
the  College  and  Academy  of  Philadelphia,  then  lately  founded — in 
large  measure  through  the  exertions  of  Benjamin  Franklin, — and  of 
which  the  celebrated  William  Smith,  D.D.  Oxon.,  was  the  provost. 

Determining  to  devote  his  life  to  the  sacred  ministry,  he  visited 
English  relatives,  remaining  abroad  until  of  canonical  age  for 
admission  to  orders.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Chapel  Royal 
of  St.  James's  Palace,  Westminster,  London,  Dec.  23,  1770,  by  the 
bishop  of  Norwich,  Dr.  Young,  at  that  time  acting  for  the  bishop 
of  London.  He  was  ordained  to  the  priesthood  in  the  chapel 
of  Fulham  Palace,  June  25,  1772,  by  the  bishop  of  London.  Dr. 
Richard  Terrick. 

On  his  return  to  Philadelphia  he  entered  directl}-  upon  his  life- 
work  as  one  of  the  assistant  ministers  of  the  united  parishes  of 
Christ  Church  and  St.  Peter's,  to  the  rectorship  of  which  he  was 
advanced  on  the  resignation  (during  the  War  of  the  Re\ohition) 
of  the  Re\'.  Jacob  Duche,  remembered  as  ha\ing  offered  the  first 
pra)-er  in  the  Continental  Congress,  in  Carpenter's  Hall,  in  1774. 

Sympathizing  from  the  first  with  the  patriotic  side,  at  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war,  White  became  one  of  the  chaplains  to  Congress 
at  a  period  when  the  prospects  of  the  American  cause  were  far  from 
promising;  and  after  the  national  independence  was  secured,  and 
while  Philadelphia  remained  the  cajjital,  he  ser\-ed  in  this  capacity 
from  I  787  to  1801. 

The  University  of  Penns\'l\'ania,  which  had  succeeded  the  College 
and  Academy  of  Philadelphia,  on  its  reorganization  toward  the 
close  of  the  war  ga\e  to  its  distinguished  alumnus  its  first  honorary 
degree,  that  of  D.D. 

During  the  progress  of  the  strife  which  resulted  in  the  separation 
of  the  American  colonies,  White  had  been  a  careful  student  ot  the 
condition  and  needs  of  the  Church  in  this  country,  which,  by  the 
severance  of  political  connection  with  the  PLnglish  state  and  Church, 
had  become  independent  as  well  as,  and  at  the  same  time  with,  the 
nation.  Prior  to  the  announcement  of  peace,  in  a  remarkable 
pamphlet   entitled  "  The  Case   of  the   fc^piscopal  Churches  Consid- 

5 


6  THE    El'JSCOrATE    I\  AMERICA. 

erc-d  "  (i  7S2-83),  the  N'oiinj^  rector  of  the  united  churches  of  Phihi- 
delphia  had  with  coiisuniniate  skill  owthned  and  elaborated  a  jjlan 
of  organization  for  the  independent  and  autonomous  Church  in  the 
United  States,  which  in  its  originalit)%  its  atlaptation  to  the 
exii^encies  of  the  times,  and  its  far-seeing  provision  for  a  growth 
and  development  which  at  that  time  few  Churchmen,  however  lo\-al 
and  sanguine,  believed  to  be  possible,  fully  entitles  its  author  to 
recognition  as  the  foremost  ecclesiastical  statesman  of  his  times.  In 
this  masterly  state  paper,  among  other  suggestions  which  have  in 
nearly  every  instance  commended  themselves  to  our  acceptance,  the 
idea  of  comprehending  the  laity  in  the  councils  of  the  Church  was 
for  the  first  time  propounded.  There  is  little  doubt  that  through 
the  wise  forecasting  of  White  in  this  re.'^pect  the  organization  of  the 
American  Church  was  made  both  possiljle  and  j)racticable  at  a  time 
when  in  the  judgment  of  many  its  continued  existence  seemed  prob- 
lematical. The  men  who  in  the  halls  of  Congress  or  on  the  fields 
of  battle  had  won  for  us  our  independence,  and  afterward  had 
framed  our  federal  constitution,  were  those  who  in  the  State  or 
General  Conventions  gave  their  willing  efforts- for  the  organization 
of  "  the  free  Church  in  the  free  State,"  as  proposed  by  White.  The 
incorporation  of  laymen  in  the  Church  Conventions  or  Councils, 
begun  under  the  presidency  of  White  in  the  historic  Christ  Church, 
Philadelphia,  was  repeated  in  each  successive  ecclesiastical  gather- 
ing, till,  through  the  successful  working  of  this  new  principle  in 
ecclesiastical  legislative  bodies,  there  was  gained  for  the  Church  in 
the  United  States  a  close  conformity  in  her  organization  with  that 
of  the  Republic  of  which  her  members  and  ministers  formed  so 
important  a  part. 

It  was  only  to  be  expected  that  one  so  evidently  a  leader  should 
be  foremost  in  all  the  efforts  for  the  rehabilitation  of  the  Church  in 
the  United  States,  as  independent  of  the  mother-Church  of  England. 
In  the  early  Conventions  of  the  Churches  in  the  Middle  and  South- 
ern States  the  youthful  rector  of  the  united  Philadelphia  churches, 
by  his  presence,  his  counsels,  his  persuasive  personal  magnetism, 
and  his  knowledge  of  men,  took  a  prominent  part.  He  was  without 
opposition  chosen  by  the  Penns}"lvania  State  Convention  for  the 
episcopate  in  the  English  line,  which,  now  that  Seaburj'  in  Scotland 
had  secured  the  co\-eted  prize  of  the  apostolical  succession,  was 
found  to  be  ready  for  the  asking  at  the  hands  of  the  mother-Church. 
It  was  in  the  chapel  of  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  at  Lambeth 
Palace,  on  Feb.  4,  1787,  that  William  White,  D.D.,  bishop  elect 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  Samuel  Provoost,  D.D.,  bishop  elect  of  New 
York,  received  consecration  to  the  episcopate  at  the  hands  of  the 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Dr.  John  Moore ;  the  archbishop  of 
York,  Dr.  William   Markham ;   the  bishop  of  Bath   and  Wells,  Dr. 


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W  I L  I.I  AM    WHITE.  7 

Charles  Moss;  and  the  bishop  of  Peterborough,  Dr.  John  IlinchcHffe. 
The  addition  of  two  bishops  of  the  Enghsh  line  of  succession  to 
Seabury,  deriving  his  episcopate  from  the  Scotch  prelates,  completed 
a  college  of  bishops  for  America,  and  ga\'e  an  impetus  to  the 
adoption  of  measures  for  the  union  in  one  confederation  of  the 
Churches  North  and  South,  which  was  at  length  happily  accom- 
plished at  the  second  General  Convention,  held  in  Philadelphia,  j  789. 
From  this  date  the  history  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States  as  an 
autonomous  and  independent  branch  of  the  Church  Catholic  begins. 

Bishop  White  held  his  first  ortlination  at  Christ  Church,  Ma)-  28, 
1787,  on  which  occasion  Joseph  Clarks(.)n,  whose  grandson,  R.  H. 
Clarkson,  became,  many  years  afterward,  the  first  bishop  of  Ne- 
braska, was  ordered  deacon.  In  the  same  historic  church  the  bishop 
of  Pennsyh'ania,  during  the  more  than  half  a  century  of  his  episco- 
pate, presided  at  the  consecration  of  six  bishops. 

Bishop  White  was  the  personal  friend  and,  during  his  official 
residence  in  Philadelphia,  the  pastor  of  Washington.  His  episco- 
pate was  as  full  of  honors  as  of  years ;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
(July  17,  1836)  he  was  undoubtedly  the  most  revered  and  widely 
known  of  the  bishops  of  the  Anglican  communion  througliout  the 
world.  Buried  in  the  chiu'chyard  of  liis  beloxcd  Christ  Church,  his 
remains  were  remoxed,  im  Dec.  23,  1870,  to  their  fitting  resting- 
place  in  the  cliancel  of  the  church  to  which  lie  had  ministered  for 
so  man\'  )-ears,  and  where  they  now  await  the  resurrection  day. 

Works. — Besides  numerous  occasional  sermons,  addresses,  charges,  and  tlieological 
treatises,  as  well  as  countless  contributions  to  the  religious  press,  Bishop  White  will  be 
chiefly  remembered  in  literature  by  his  "  Memoirs  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church," 
of  which  three  editions  have  appeared:  the  first  in  1820,  the  second,  under  the  editorship 
of  the  Rev.  Francis  Lister  Hawks,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  in  1S36,  and  the  third,  under  the 
editorship  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  B.  F.  De  Costa,  in  1880.  We  have  already  referred  to  the 
able  state  paper,  "  The  Case  of  the  Episcopal  Churches  Considered  "  {1782-83).  His 
theological  writings,  besides  the  above,  were  chiefly  his  "  Comparative  View  of  Calvinism 
and  Arminianism  "  (2  vols.,  8vo,  1817)  ;  "  Commentary  on  the  Ordinal  and  on  the  Duties 
of  the  Public  Ministry"  (8vo,  1833).  His  "Addresses"  at  the  General  Theological 
Seminary  in  the  years  1822,  1S24,  1827,  1828,  1829,  were  really  theological  treatises. 
The  "  Pastoral  Letters  "  of  the  House  of  Bishops,  1808-35  inclusive,  were  the  composi- 
tion of  the  presiding  bishoj:).  Although  on  the  committee  of  Convention  apjiointed  to 
prepare  and  publish  what  is  known  in  American  liturgical  literature  as  the  "  Proposed 
Book  of  Common  Prayer"  (l2mo,  Philadelphia,  1786),  this  work  is  incorrectly  spoken 
of  as  "  Bishop  White's  Prayer-book."  The  bulk  of  the  changes  in  this  volume  were 
made  by  the  other  members  of  the  committee,  notably  by  Provost  Smith  ;  and  the  substi- 
tution of  the  revision  of  1789,  which  was  practically  a  return  to  the  English  original,  and 
wdiich  became  the  "  standard  "  of  the  American  Church  for  the  first  century  of  its  inde- 
pendent existence,  \\as  heartily  acquiesced  in  by  Bishop  A\'liite. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL   PROVOOST,  D.D. 


Samuel  Ipvovoost. 


Thk  "  patriot"  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  and  the  first  bishop  of 
New  Yori<,  was  born  March  I  I,  1742,  in  New  York  City. 

After  graduating  at  King's  College  (now  Columbia),  Provoost,  in 
I  761,  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England,  and 
became  a  fellow-commoner  at  St.  Peter's  House  (now  St.  Peter's 
College).  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Chapel  Royal  ot  St. 
James's  Palace,  Westminster,  London,  I'^eb.  3,  1766,  by  the  bishop 
of  London,  Dr.  Richard  Terrick,  and  was  ad\ancL-d  to  the  priest- 
hood March  25th  of  the  same  year,  b_\'  the  bishcjp  of  Chester,  Ur. 
Edmund  Keene,  acting  for  the  bishop  of  London.  On  his  return 
to  his  native  land  he  became  one  of  the  clergy  of  Triiiit_\-  Church, 
New  York,  to  the  rectorship  of  which  he  was  elected,  on  the  final 
evacuation  of  the  city  by  the  British,  by  the  patriotic  \estry,  who 
thus  recognized  his  unflagging  support  of  the  American  cause.  In 
1785  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  chaplains  of  Congress,  and  in 
1 789  was  made  the  chaplain  of  the  Senate.  After  the  public 
exercises  of  the  inauguration  of  Washington,  the  President,  ha\-ing 
taken  the  oath  of  office,  proceeded  on  fn^t  to  St.  Paul's  Chapel 
(Trinity  then  being  in  ruins),  ulierc  Pni\-i)()st  read  prayers,  using, 
without  doubt,  the  form  as  prescribed  in  the  "  Proposed  Jiocilc," 
then  in  use  in  New  York. 

The  doctorate  in  dixinity  was  ci inferred  on  Provuost  by  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1786.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  ot 
New  York  at  Lambeth  Palace  chapel,  Feb.  4,  1787,  by  the  two 
archbishops  and  the  bi.shops  of  Rath  and  Wells  and  Peterborough, 
at  the  same  time  with  White. 

Bishop  Provoost  resigned  his  see  in  1801;  but  the  House  of 
Bishops  declined  to  accept  his  resignation,  and  authorizetl  the  cnn- 
secration  of  a  bishop  coadjutor  for  New  York.  He  afterward  onl\- 
appeared  in  ]niblic  at  the  consecrati'ui,  on  May  29,  181  I,  i>f  Hobart 
and  Oris  wold.      He  died  Sept.  6,  181  5. 

WiiKKs. — .Mtliough  a  scholar  of  varied  and  even  profound  attainments,  I'.isliii|i  i'm- 
\n:>-.t  pulilishcd  notfiing.  While  at  Cambridge  he  prepared  an  inde.\  to  the  "  lll^ln^i:l 
I'lanetarum  "  of  Haubin.  In  his  theological  opinions  he  appears  to  have  leaned  toward 
the  views  of  the  celebrated  Samuel  Clarlc,  D.D.,  although  he  refused  the  overtures  made 
to  him  by  the  authorities  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  on  their  lapse  into  I'nitarianism,  for 
the  ordination  of  their  lay  reader,  Mr.  James  f>eeiii.in.  Provoost's  partizan  antagonism 
to  Sealiury  forms  an  interesting  and  unique  chapter  in  the  annals  of  the  consolidation  of 
the  Churches  North  and  South. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JAMES  MADISON,   D.D. 


James  ^abtson. 


The  life  of  the  first  bishop  of  Virginia  was  the  uneventful  career 
of  a  college  professor  and  president.  Born  in  Rockingham,  Va., 
Aug.  27,  1749,  he  was  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College 
1772.  He  took  up  the  study  of  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
but  almost  directly  turned  his  attention  to  divinity,  while  serving 
his  alma  mater  as  professor  of  mathematics. 

In  1775  he  crossed  the  ocean  for  ordination,  and  was  ordered 
deacon  in  the  chapel  of  Fidham  Palace,  Sept.  29,  1775,  b\-  the 
bishop  of  London,  Dr.  Terrick,  and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood 
by  the  same  prelate,  in  the  same  place,  Oct.  i,  1775. 

On  his  return  he  was  made  president  of  William  and  Mary  Col- 
lege, which  position  he  held  with  distinguished  ability  until  his  death. 

On  the  resignation  of  the  amiable  and  godly  David  Griffith,  the 
friend  and  rector  of  Washington,  of  his  election  to  the  Virginia 
episcopate,  Madison  was  chosen  to  fill  the  place.  He  was  conse- 
crated bishop  of  Virginia  in  the  chapel  of  Lambeth  Palace,  Sept. 
ig,  1793.  The  consecrators  were  the  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
Dr.  John  Moore,  the  bishop  of  London,  Dr.  Beilby  Porteus,  and  the 
bishop  of  Rochester,  Dr.  John  Thomas. 

His  episcopate  witnessed  the  gradual  decay  and  almost  the 
extinction  of  the  Church  in  the  state.  Conscientiously  regarding 
himself  as  under  primal  obligations  to  the  college,  his  episcopal 
work  was  fragmentary  and  at  length  practically  laid  aside.  Meade, 
who  received  orders  at  his  hands,  defends  him  from  the  charge  of 
succumbing  to  the  tide  of  French  infidelity  which,  during  his  pres- 
idency, swept  over  the  college  and  throughout  the  land.  The 
bishop's  desire  to  bring  about  the  incorporation  of  the  Methodists 
in  the  Church,  in  which  purpose  he  lacked,  unfortunately,  the 
sympathy  and  support  of  his  brethren  in  the  episcopate,  indicates 
an  appreciation  of  personal  religion,  of  which  the  adherents  of  that 
body  were  at  the  time,  in  many  places,  almost  the  sole  exponents. 

He  died  March  5,  1812,  and  was  buried  at  Williamsburg,  Va. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Di-^course  on  the  Death  of  General  Washington"  (iSoo);  2.  "A 
Thanksgiving  Sermon"  (1781);  3.  "A  Letter  to  Jedediah  Morse"  (1795);  4.  ".An 
Address  to  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Virginia"  (1799).  These,  with  a  few  other  less 
important  pamphlets,  comprise  his  printed  works. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  THO.WAS   JOHN   CLAGGETT,   S.T.D. 


Thomas  John  Claooctt* 


I\  the  consecration  of  Claggett  as  bishop  of  Mar_\-hincl  the  two 
hnes  of  the  apostolical  succession  existing  in  the  United  States,  that 
of  the  Scottish  and  that  of  the  English  Church,  were  united;  and 
by  this  union  of  divergent  lines  every  Amtrican  bishop  can  trace 
his  spiritual  lineage  to  Seabury  as  representing  the  line  from 
Aberdeen,  and  to  White,  Provoost,  and  Madison  as  representing 
that  from  Canterbury.  The  measures  leading  to  this  happy  union 
of  the  Churches  North  and  South,  as  detailed  on  the  pages  of  the 
General  Convention  "  Journals,"  or  as  found  in  fuller  detail  in  the 
correspondence  of  the  clergy  of  the  day,  form  a  chapter  of  our 
annals  of  deep  interest.  This  union,  for  which  Seabury  and  White 
labored,  and  against  the  accomplishment  of  which  Provoost  con- 
tended, was  clearly  the  work  of  "  Him  who  maketh  men  to  be  of 
one  mind  in  an  house." 

Thomas  John  Claggett  was  born  in  Prince  George's  County,  Md., 
Uct.  2.  1742.  He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  Xew  Jersey, 
Princeton,  i  762,  and  received  his  training  for  holy  orders  from  his 
maternal  uncle,  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Eversfield. 

Sept.  20,  1767,  he  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  chapel  of  Fulham 
Palace,  by  the  bishop  of  London,  Dr.  Terrick.  At  the  same  [jlace 
and  by  the  same  prelate  he  was  priested,  Oct.  11,  1767. 

Appointed  to  the  charge  of  All  Saints',  Calvert  County,  Md.,  he 
remained  there  till,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary  Wai^, 
he  retired  to  his  estate  in  Prince  George's  Count}',  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years.  In  1779  he  began  ministering  in  St.  Paul's 
Church  in  his  native  county,  ami  in  the  following  year  became 
rector  of  the  parish. 

In  1787  his  alma  mater  conferred  on  him  the  doctorate  of  sacred 
theology,  and  in  1792  he  received  the  degree  of  doctor  in  divinit}' 
from  Washington  College. 

Claggett's  consecration  took  place  in  Trinit\-  Church,  Xew  York, 
Sept.  I  7,  I  792.  The  consecrators  were  Bishops  Pro\-oost  (presid- 
ing), Seabury,  White,  and  Madison.  This  was  the  first  consecra- 
tion to  the  episcopal  office  in  the  United  States. 

Claggett  was  appointed  chaplain  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
1800.  In  1808  he  became  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Upper  Marl- 
borough.     He  died  at  Croom,  Md.,  Aug.  2,  1816. 

Works. — Bishop  Claggett  pulilished  only  a  few  occasional  sermons,  etc. 
13 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ROBERT  SMITH,  D.D. 


IRobcvt  Stnitlx 


The  Church  in  the  State  of  South  CaroHna  entered  into  federal 
relations  first  with  the  Churches  of  the  Middle  and  Southern  States, 
and  finally  with  the  united  Churches  of  the  North  and  South,  with 
the  implied,  and  at  length  expressed,  condition  tiiat  no  bishop  was 
to  be  consecrated  as  its  head.  The  abilities  and  devotion  of  Robert 
Smith  led  his  fellow-Churchmen  of  the  clergy  and  laity  in  South 
Carolina  to  put  aside  this  determination  and  to  ask  for  the  conse- 
cration as  their  spiritual  heatl  of  the  most  gifted  ami  learned  di\ine 
in  the  State. 

Born  in  the  count}-  of  Norfolk,  England,  Aug.  25,  1732,  Smith 
was  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Cambridge  as  a  member  of 
Gonville  and  Caius  College,  taking  his  degree  in  1753,  and  becom- 
ing a  fellow  of  his  college. 

He  was  ordered  deacon  March  7,  1756,  by  the  bishoji  of  Ely, 
Dr.  Matthias  Mauson,  and  was  advanced  to  the  [jriesthood  b\-  the 
same  prelate,  Dec.  21st  of  the  same  year. 

Coming  to  South  Carolina  as  assistant  at  St.  Philip's  Church, 
Charleston,  1757,  he  was  made  rector  in  1759. 

I'Lspousing  most  heartih'  the  [popular  cause  at  the  beginning  of 
the  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  rector  of  St.  Philip's  became  a 
marked  man  among  the  Southern  jjatriots,  and  rendered  efficient 
aid  to  the  cause  of  liberty.  In  i  7S0,  on  the  occupation  of  Charles- 
ton b}-  the  British  fc.irces.  Smith  was  banished  from  the  city. 
Removing  to  Maryland,  he  took  temporary  charge  of  St.  Paul's 
parish,  Uueen  Aiuie  County.  Returning  to  Charleston  at  the  close 
of  the  war,  in  1783,  he  opened  a  classical  academy,  which  was 
subsequently  chartered  (in  1786)  as  the  South  Carolina  College. 
Of  this  institution  he  continued  in  charge  as  president  until  1798. 

In  I  789  he  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Smith's  consecration  to  the  episcopate  took  place  Sept.  14, 
1795,  at  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia.  His  consecrators  were  Bish- 
ops White,  Provoost,  Madison,  and  Claggett.  Bishop  Smith,  after 
an  honored  and  most  useful  episcopate,  died  Oct.  28,  1801,  univer- 
sally revered  and  lamented.  The  bishop  was,  in  consequence  of  his 
Revolutionary  services,  one  of  the  first  and  foremost  members  of 
the  South  Carolina  State  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 

Works. — Bishop  Sniitli,  it  i^  lielievecl.  ]iul'lishcil  imthing  ^ave,  possilily,  some  p.npers 
of  an  ephemeral  nature. 

15 


RIGHT   REVEREND  EDWARD  BASS,  D.D. 


Ebwarb  Ba88. 


Bhrx  at  Dorcliester,  Mass.,  No\-.  23,  1726,  Bass  was  graduatetl 
from  Harvard  College,  i  744. 

Ordered  deacon  May  17,  1752,  at  the  chapel  of  Fulham  Palace, 
by  Bishop  Sherlock,  he  was  priested  by  the  same  prelate  in  the 
same  place.  May  24,  1752.  He  became  missionary  of  the  Venerable 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  P'oreign  Parts  at 
Newburyport,  Mass.,  and  incumbent  of  St.  Paul's  Church. 

At  the  opening  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  Bass  obserxed  the 
days  of  fasting  and  thanksgiving  appointed  by  the  Continental  Con- 
gress, and  because  of  his  patriotism  was  dismissed  from  the  ser\  ice 
of  the  Venerable  Society.  Though  depri\'ed  of  the  chief  means  for 
his  support,  he  still  remained  at  his  post.  His  parishiuiuis  s\m- 
])athized  with  him.  He  omitted  the  "state  pra}'ers,"  obserxetl  the 
frequent  appointments  for  ser\ices  in  the  interest  of  the  patriots, 
and  kept  his  church  open  throughout  the  war. 

The  presentation  to  the  General  Con\'entii)n  of  the  Chuixhes  in 
the  Middle  and  Southern  States  of  the  name  of  the  rector  of  St. 
Paul's  as  the  bishop  elect  of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire, 
accompanied  with  a  request  of  the  clergy  of  those  two  States, 
headed  by  Samuel  Parker,  that  the  Convention  sIkiuKI  ask  the 
three  bishops  then  in  the  United  States — Seabur_\-,  White,  and  Pro- 
voost- — to  unite  in  his  consecration,  pa^•ed  the  way  for  the  completion 
of  the  episcojjal  college  in  the  line  of  Canterbur)-  by  the  consecra- 
tion at  Lambeth  of  Madison,  and  efTected  the  recognition  of  the 
\alidity  of  the  Scottish  consecrations. 

On  the  accomplishment  of  the  union  of  the  New  England 
Churches  under  Seabury  with  those  of  the  Middle  and  Southern 
States  under  \A'hite  and  Provoost,  the  project  of  Bass's  consecra- 
tion, which  had  been  the  means  of  effecting  this  result,  was  not 
pushed,  and  it  was  not  until  May  7,  1797,  that  Bass,  wh^  i.dci 
recei\'ed  his  doctorate  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  i  789, 
was  consecrated  the  first  bishop  of  Massachusetts  at  Christ  Church, 
Philadelphia,  by  Bishops  White,  Proxoost,  and  Claggett. 

He  died  at  Newburyport,  Sept.  10,  iSo.v  In  addition  to  his 
charge  of  Massachusetts  he  had  been  elected  to  the  episcopate  of 
New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  and  X'ermont. 

Works.  — I.  "A  M.isonic  .\ddres'.  "  (1779)  i  2.  "A  Scniion  before  tlie  Merrin.:ic 
Humane  Society  "  (iSoo)  ;  3.    A  ]iamphlet  on  hin  connettinn  with  the  \enerable  .Souitty. 

17 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ABRAHAM  JARVIS,   D.D. 


Hbrabant  Jarvis. 


Born  at  Norwalk,  Conn.,  May  5,  1739,  and  graduated  from  Vale 
in  1 76 1,  Jarvis  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  chapel  at  Whitehall, 
London,  Feb.  5,  1764,  by  the  bishop  of  Exeter,  Dr.  Keppell,  act- 
ing for  the  bishop  of  London,  and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood 
in  the  Chapel  Royal  of  St.  James's  Palace,  Westminster,  by  the 
bishop  of  Carlisle,  Dr.  Lyttelton,  Feb.  9,  1765. 

He  became  the  incumbent  of  Christ  Church,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Remaining  at  his  post  during  the  war,  he  took  part  in  the  notable 
convocation  of  clergy  at  Woodbury  on  the  feast  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion, 1783,  and  was  the  secretary  of  the  faithful  priests  who  chose 
Seabury  for  their  bishop.  The  papers  and  testimonials  of  this 
election  were  drawn  up  in  his  handwriting,  and  during  Seabury 's 
weary  months  of  dancing  attendance  on  tlie  varying  moods  of  the 
English  bishops,  it  was  to  Jarvis  that  his  indignant  letters  were 
addressed,  detailing  the  obstacles  in  his  way;  and  it  was  fmrn  the 
sympathizing  secretary  of  the  convocation  that  encnuragenient  and 
support  came.  It  was  natural  that,  on  the  final  success  of  the  effort 
to  secure  a  bishop  for  the  free  and  independent  States,  which  had 
at  last  been  effected  through  the  offices  of  a  Church  untrammeled 
by  connection  with  the  state,  the  bishop  of  Connecticut,  on  liis 
return,  siiould  receive  from  his  clergy,  through  Jarx'is,  the  pledges 
and  testimonials  of  their  fealt}-  and  love. 

Later,  when  the  prospects  of  union  witli  the  Churches  (if  the 
Middle  and  Southern  States  seemed  hopeless,  Jar\is,  on  whom  the 
bishop  of  Connecticut  had  conferred  the  doctorate  in  dixinity,  was 
designated  by  Seabury  to  go  to  Scotland  for  consecration  as  bishop 
coadjutor  of  Connecticut,  with  the  xicw  of  eventually  procuring 
an  episcopal  college  for  the  transmission  of  the  succession  in  the 
Scottish  line.  Happily  an  unexpected  turn  in  affairs  made  this 
unnecessary. 

On  the  death  of  Seabury  tlie  \-acanc\'  was  filled  by  the  choice  of 
Jarvis.  He  was  consecrated  in  Trinity  Church,  New  Ha\en,  Sept. 
■8>  1797.  by  Bishops  White,  Provoost,  and  Bass.  He  recei\'ed  the 
doctorate  in  divinity  from  Yale  in  1786. 

He  died  May  13,  181 3,  and  was  buried  under  the  altar  of  Trinity 
Church,  New  Ha\-en. 

Works.  —  i.  "  A  Sermon  on  the  Deatli  uf  BiMiop  Seabury  ";  2.  "  .\  Sermon  on  the 
Witness  of  the  Spirit." 

19 


RIGHT   REVEREND  BENJAMIN  MOORE,  S.T.D. 


JSenjamin  fTDoove, 


Benjamin  Moore  was  born  in  Newtown,  L.  I.,  Oct.  5,  1 74S. 
He  was  graduated  at  King's  College,  New  York,  1768.  His  ordi- 
nation to  the  diaconate  took  place  in  the  chapel  of  Fulhain  Palace, 
June  24,  1774;  and  he  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  the  follow- 
ing day  in  the  same  place  and  by  the  same  prelate.  Dr.  Richard 
Terrick,  bishop  of  London. 

On  his  return  to  New  York  he  was  appointed  an  assistant  minis- 
ter of  Trinity  Church ;  and  such  was  the  moderation  of  his  course, 
and  such  the  confidence  inspired  by  the  purity  of  his  life  and  the 
singular  devoutness  nf  his  mien  and  ministry,  that  he  retained  his 
position  throughout  the  trying  scenes  ot  the  war  for  independence, 
gi\-ing  no  offense  to  Whigs  or  Tories  alike,  and  contenting  himself 
with  ministering  in  spiritual  things  to  all  alike  until  the  return  of 
peace.  In  1789  his  alma  mater  (nnw  called  Columbia  College) 
conferred  on  him  the  doctorate  in  di\init\',  ami  on  Dec.  22,  1800, 
he  was  chosen  rector  of  Trinity  Church. 

Dr.  Moore  was  consecrated  bishop  coailjutnr  i>f  Xi-w  ^'ork  in  St. 
Michael's  Church,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Sept.  11,  1801,  during  the  session 
of  the  General  Convention  at  that  place.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  White,  Claggett,  and  Jarvis.  He  was  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency of  Columbia  College  the  year  of  his  consecration,  and  held 
this  honorable  post  for  ten  years  in  connection  with  his  episcopal 
and  rectoral  duties.      He  died  Feb.  2/,   1816,  at  Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

\Vi  IRKS. — Tliree  occasional  discourses  and  a  single  pamphlet  comprise  all  the  writings 
of  Bishop  Moore  published  during  his  life.  Two  volumes  of  his  sermons,  edited  liy  his 
distinguished  son,  Professor  Clement  C.  Moore,  LL.D.,  of  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  appearetl  after  his  decease. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL   PARKER,  D.D. 


Samuel  parhcv. 


Born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Aug.  i  7,  1744,  and  graduating  at 
Harvard,  i  764,  Samuel  Parker  was  inxited  to  become  assistant  min- 
ister of  Trinity  Ciiurch,  Boston,  before  his  ordination. 

He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  at  P'uiham  Palace  chapel, 
Feb.  24th,  and  was  priested  on  Feb.  27,  1774,  by  Bishop  Terrick. 

Left  in  charge  of  Trinity  on  the  retirement  of  the  rector  to  Hali- 
fax, Parker,  with  the  consent  of  his  vestry,  on  the  receipt  of  the 
news  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  adapted  the  services  of 
the  church  to  the  new  order  of  things  by  the  omission  of  the  "  state 
prayers,"  and  thus  gave  early  proof  of  stable  purpose.  In  June, 
1779,  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Trinity,  conditioned  on  the 
recognition  by  the  parish  of  his  predecessor's  rights,  should  he  return 
to  his  former  charge  and  accept  the  new  condition  of  affairs. 

Parker  was  among  the  clergy  assembled  at  Middletown  to  wel- 
come Seabury,  and  there  began  at  this  meeting  a  friendship  which 
had  a  marked  influence  on  the  fortunes  of  the  rising  Church.  He 
tdcik,  at  Seabury 's  request,  a  leading  part  in  adapting  the  Prayer- 
book  to  the  change  in  civil  affairs,  being  associated  in  this  important 
work  with  Jarvis  and  Moore.  The  results  of  this,  the  first  American 
revision,  were  subsequently  adopted  by  the  Massachusetts  Conven- 
tion at  Parker's  suggestion,  and  prevailed  throughout  New  England. 

Urged  by  Seabury  to  seek  in  Scotland  the  consecration  to  the 
episcopate  of  Massachusetts,  Parker  entered  into  a  correspondence 
with  White  in  the  interest  of  the  union  of  the  American  Churches. 
It  was  chiefly  to  Parker  that  the  union  of  1789  was  due,  and  it  was 
in  recognition  of  his  preeminent  ser\ices,  on  the  nomination  of 
White,  that  the  University  of  Pennsyl\-ania  conferred  on  him  the 
doctorate  in  divinit}-  in  i  789. 

He  had  refused  the  episcopate  at  the  time  that  Bass  was  first 
named  for  this  oflice,  and  later,  when,  through  Parker's  influence, 
Bass  was  again  chosen.  On  his  death,  Parker's  opposition  was  not 
suffered  to  pre\ail  longer,  and  he  received  consecration  in  Trinity, 
New  York,  Sept.  14,  1804,  during  the  session  of  the  General  Con- 
vention. His  consecrators  were  Bishops  White,  Claggett,  Jarvis, 
and  Moore.  He  died,  three  months  from  the  day  of  his  consecra- 
tion, Dec.  6,  1804. 

WiiRKS.  —  I.  An  .mnual  "  Election  Sermon  "  (1793) ;  2.  "  A  Charitable  Discourse  De- 
livered in  Behalf  uf  the  P'eniale  Asylum  of  Boston  "  (1803). 

2.3 


RIGHT   REVEREND  JOHN   HENRY   HOBART,   D.D. 


John  1f3cnv^  1f3obart 


Next  to  the  name  of  Samuel  Seabury  as  preeminent  among  the 
leaders  of  thought  in  the  American  Church,  and  as  wielding  a  con- 
stantly increasing  influence,  must  be  placed  that  of  John  Henry 
Hobart,  the  third  bishop  consecrated  for  the  New  York  diocese. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Sept.  14,  1775,  baptized  and  confirmed  by 
White  in  Christ  Church,  prepared  for  his  college  course  at  the 
Episcopal  Academy  of  his  native  city,  and  graduating,  after  two 
years  spent  at  the  College  of  Philadelphia,  at  Princeton,  1793, 
Hobart  at  first  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  affairs.  Finding 
a  business  life  uncongenial,  he  accepted  (i  796)  a  tutorial  position  at 
Princeton,  which  he  held  for  two  years. 

Having  determined  to  enter  the  ministr)-,  he  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia and  prepared  for  ordination  under  the  direction  of  White, 
who  admitted  him  to  deacon's  orders,  June  3,  1798,  in  Christ 
Church.  After  serving  various  parishes  in  Pennsylvania,  New 
Jersey,  and  New  York,  he  was,  September,  1800,  elected  an  assis- 
tant minister  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  entering  at  once  upon 
the  duties  of  this  important  pi>st.  He  had  earlier  (June  3,  1799) 
been  elected  secretary  of  the  House  of  Bishops.  In  1801  he  was 
chosen  secretary  of  the  New  York  State  Convention,  as  well  as  a 
deputy  to  the  General  Con\-ention  which  convened  at  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  in  the  autumn  of  that  year. 

He  was  priested  by  Bishop  Provoost,  April  5,  1801.  He  was 
chosen  secretary  of  the  House  of  Deputies  of  the  General  Cnnxen- 
tion  of  1804.  In  1806  he  receixed  the  ductorate  in  ili\init\"  fri>m 
Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Hobart  was  consecrated  bishop  coatljutor  of  New  \'ork  in  Trinity 
Church,  May  29,  181  i,  by  Bishops  White,  Provoost,  and  Jar\is.  At 
the  same  time  Dr.  Alexander  Viets  Griswokl  was  consecrateil  fi}r 
the  newly  createil  "  luistern  Diocese,"  which  composed  all  of  the 
New  England  States  save  Connecticut. 

Agreeably  to  the  English  precedent  establisheil  at  the  cinisecra- 
tion,  in  Lambeth  Palace  chapel,  of  White  and  Provoost,  Hobart, 
although  the  younger  man  and  elected  to  his  ofilice  of  coadjutor 
subsequently  to  the  date  of  Griswold's  election,  first  receix'ed  the 
laying  on  of  hands  as  the  senior  doctor  in  divinity. 

The  omission  of  a  portion  of  the  sentence  of  consecratii>n  by  the 
bishop  presiding  at  the  time  of  this  double  ordination  to  the  episco- 

25 


26  THE   El'ISCOPATE   LV  AMERICA. 

pate  was  made  the  occasion  of  a  bitter  controversy  in  New  York, 
and  an  attempt  to  impugn  the  regularity  of  Hobart's  consecration, 
though  it  is  believed  there  was  no  faulting  of  the  consecration  of 
Griswold. 

On  the  decease  of  Moore  (1816),  Hobart  became  the  diocesan  of 
New  York,  and  also  rector  of  Trinity  Church.  His  episcopal  duties 
were  not  confined  to  his  own  see.  He  rendered  abundant  and 
efficient  service  in  New  Jersey  prior  to  the  election  of  Croes,  and 
was  provisional  bishop  of  Connecticut,  181 6-1 9. 

Hobart  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  of  which  he  was  for  years  the  professor  of  pastoral  the- 
ology. He  originated,  or  furthered,  the  Bible  and  Prayer-book 
Society,  the  Tract  and  Homily  Society,  and  similar  organizations 
for  the  defense  of  Ciuirch  principles  and  the  instruction  of  Cliurch- 
men. 

Besides  the  promotion  of  these  objects  through  the  agency  of 
societies  which  are  still  fulfilling  their  mission,  Hobart  found  time 
for  editing  approved  works  in  support  of  the  Church's  teachings, 
discipline,  and  worship.  To  these  compilations  the  bishop  added 
original  works  of  a  high  order,  and  thus  made  for  himself  an 
enviable  reputation  as  an  accurate  theologian,  an  exact  polemic, 
and  a  scholar  of  rare  and  varied  attainments.  Personally,  and  by 
his  numerous  and  opportune  contributions  to  theological  literature, 
he  impressed  his  views  upon  the  Churchmen  of  his  day  and  genera- 
tion ;  and  he  shares  with  Seabury  the  distinction  of  founding  and 
making  popular  in  this  country  the  school  of  thought  known  as 
"  High-church"  Anglicanism. 

Hobart  visited  England  in  1823,  where  he  was  received  with 
every  possible  distinction  due  to  his  merit  and  his  exalted  position. 
It  is  noticeable  that  although  afforded  an  opportunity  of  preaching 
while  in  Rome,  Italy,  the  "  proviso "  to  the  Act  of  Parliament, 
authorizing  the  consecration  of  Wente  and  Provoost,  prevented  the 
bishop  of  New  York  from  exercising  his  otifice  "  within  his  Majesty's 
dominions."  It  was  not  until  the  repeal  of  this  "  proviso,"  in  1840- 
41,  that  an  .American  bishop  was  at  liberty  to  preach  or  officiate  in 
his  episcopal  character  in  any  church  of  the  mother-land. 

Hobart's  death  occurred  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  10,  1830,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  resulted  from  his  conscientious  unwillingness  to 
resort  to  .stimulants  when  sufTering  from  disease.  He  was  buried 
under  the  chancel  of  Trinity  Church. 

Works. — It  would  require  several  pages  to  give  in  detail  the  list  of  sermons,  addresses, 
charges,  ]>astoral  letters,  essays,  etc.,  which  owe  their  authorship  to  Hobart.  The  fol- 
lowing are  among  the  volumes  he  wrote  or  edited,  in  rtiany  cases  revising  and  adapting 
the  work  of  some  English  writer  to  an  extent  quite  equal  to  the  rewriting  of  the  book  :  I. 
"  Companion  for  the  Altar"  (i2mo,  1804.     Issued  in  countless  editions,  appended  to 


JOIIX  IlKXRY  nuHARJ-.  27 

copies  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  and  still  regarded  as  of  value  and  authority) ;  2. 
"  Companion  for  the  Festivals  and  Fasts  "  (i2mo,  1S05.  An  adaptation  of  Roliert  Nel- 
son's excellent  work  to  meet  the  requirements  of  American  Church  readers) ;  3.  "  Com- 
panion to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer"  (l2mo,  1805.  A  compilation  from  the  standard 
liturgical  works  of  the  day,  and,  in  common  \\ith  the  preceding  compilations,  having  a 
wide  circulation  for  years) ;  4.  "  The  Clergyman's  Companion"  (i2mo,  1S06.  A  vatie- 
vtecitm  for  tlie  use  of  the  clergy  on  occasions  and  at  services  for  which  no  special  provi- 
sion is  found  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer) ;  5.  "  Collection  of  Essays  on  Episcopacy" 
(8vo,  1806.  An  invaluable  treasury  of  the  arguments  for  Church  defense) ;  6.  "  Apology 
for  Apostolic  Order  "  (Svo,  1807.  A  masterly  statement  of  the  Church's  position  as  op- 
posed to  Presbyterianism  and  other  forms  of  dissent) ;  7-  "  The  Christian's  Manual  of 
Faith  and  Devotion"  (I2mo,  1S14.  Prepared  from  various  sources  for  household  and 
individual  use);  8.  "  The  Candidate  for  Confirmation  Instructed"  (l2mo,  1816) ;  9.  "  A 
Treatise  on  the  Place  of  Departed  Spirits  and  Christ's  Descent  into  Hell,"  appended  to  a 
"  Funeral  Address  "  at  the  interment  of  Bishop  Benjamin  Moore  (Svo,  1816.  Numerous 
editions  of  this  treatise  appeared  in  successive  years) ;  10.  "  D'Oyly  and  Mant's  Bible  with 
Notes  "  (Svo,  1S23) ;  11.  "  Sermons  on  the  Principal  Events  and  Truths  of  Redemption  " 
(2  vols.,  Svo,  1S24).  Bishop  Hobart's  "  Life"  appeared  ^hortly  after  his  decease,  and 
was  reprinted  in  England. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  ALEXANDER  VIETS  GRISWOLD,  S.T.D. 


Hlcyanbcr  IDiets  (3vi8\volb. 


Horn  in  Simsbury,  Conn.,  April  22,  1766,  educated  privately  by 
his  uncle,  the  Rev.  Roger  Viets,  Griswold  received  deacon's  orders 
from  Bishop  Seabury,  at  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Simsbury,  June  ^, 
1795.  He  was  priested  by  tlie  same  prelate  Oct.  1st,  1795,  in 
Christ  Church,  Hartford. 

The  first  decade  of  his  ministry  was  spent  in  his  nati\  e  State  in 
charge  of  country  parishes  at  East  I'lymoutli,  Northfield,  and  Har- 
winton.  He  became  rector  of  St.  Michael's,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  1804.  He 
accepted  a  call  to  St.  Michael's,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  1810,  but  while  the 
preparations  for  his  removal  were  still  incomplete  lie  was  elected. 
May  31,  1810,  to  the  bishopric  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  a  jurisdic- 
tion comprising  all  of  New  England  sa\e  Connecticut. 

Griswold  was  consecrated  in  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  May  29, 
181  I,  by  Bishops  White,  Prox-oost,  ,ind  Jarx'is,  at  the  same  time  with 
Hobart. 

In  1830  the  bishop  of  tiie  Eastern  Diocese,  who  had  thus  far  con- 
tinued in  charge  of  St.  Michael's,  removed  to  Salem,  Mass.,  where 
he  became  rector  of  St.  Peter's  Church.  From  1835  he  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  the  care  of  his  abnormally  extensive  see. 

He  received  the  doctorate  in  theology  from  Brown  Uni\-ersity  in 
181  I  ;  from  Princeton  in  181  I  ;  and  from  Har\ard  in  1S12.  He 
succeeded  White  as  presiding  bishojj.  He  was  fellow  ot  Brown, 
1812-15;   trustee,   1813-2S;   cliancellor,   1815-2S. 

The  hist  episcopal  act  of  Griswold  was  the  consecration  ot  the 
Re\-.  Dr.  Manton  Eastburn,  of  New  Yoi"k,  as  his  coadjutor  and 
successor  in  the  see  of  Massachusetts,  Dec.  29,  1842.  On  h'eh.  15, 
1843,  the  venerable  bishop,  full  of  j-ears  and  honors,  dropped  tiead 
at  the  threshold  of  Bishop  Eastburn's  house  in  Boston. 

Griswold  was  a  man  of  great  personal  holiness.  He  was  modest 
and  retiring  in  his  bearing,  yet  gifted  with  a  sound  judgment  and 
inspired  with  a  spirit  of  self-consecration  which  made  his  life  one 
of  continual  labor  and  sacrifice.  His  theological  views  were  those 
of  the  "  hvvangelical  "  school ;  and  his  published  "  Life  "  by  the  late 
Re\-.  John  S.  .Stone,  D.D.,  is  an  interesting  contribution  to  the 
history  of  tlie  Church  in  New  England,  as  well  as  to  that  of  the 
"  l'^\angelical  "  part}-  in  the  United  States. 

WtiKKs.  —  I.  "  Discniirsfs  on  tlie  Mol  Iniimrtant  noctrinc;  ami  Duties  of  tlie  Chris- 
ti.in  Religion"  (Sv..,  1S501;  2.  "The  Keforniatinn  an.l  .\postolic  ( )flicc "  ( 1S43) ;  3. 
"  Remarks  on  .S.xial  Prayer  Meetings  "  ( 1S5S)  ;   4.    decisional  sermons,  adilresses,  etc. 

29 


'/  '/   /  / 
II  '^iftlJflJiM 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THEODORE  DEHON,  S.T.D. 


^beoborc  IDebon. 


Theodore  Dehon  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  8,  1776. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1795.  Having,  on  Oct.  9, 
1797,  received  an  election  to  the  rectorship  of  Trinity  Church, 
Newport,  R.  I.,  he  presented  himself  for  ordination  to  Bishop  Bass, 
and  was  ordered  deacon  at  St.  Paul's,  Newburyport,  Dec.  24,  1797, 
and  was  priested  by  the  same  prelate  and  in  the  same  church  X)ct. 
9,  1800. 

Dehon  remained  at  Trinity  Church,  Newport,  until  iSio,  when 
he  removed  to  South  Carolina,  having  accepted  the  charge  of  St. 
Michael's  Church,  Charleston.  Prior  to  his  remo\-al  to  the  South 
he  had  received  (1809)  the  doctorate  from  Princeton.  He  was  a 
deputy  from  the  Eastern  Diocese  to  the  General  Convention  of  1808. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  episcopate  of  South  Carolina  in  suc- 
cession to  the  distinguished  Robert  Smith,  in  Christ  Church,  Phila- 
delphia, Oct.  15,  1812,  by  Bishops  White,  Jarvis,  and  Hobart.  His 
short  and  brilliant  episcopate  was  terminated  by  his  death,  Aug.  6, 
181  7.  He  left  behind  him  a  reputation  for  eloquence  and  personal 
attractiveness  which  is  still  cherished  in  the  diocese  where  he  minis- 
tered in  holy  things,  and  throughout  the  Church  in  the  United 
States  as  well. 

Works. — Bishop  Dehon's  "  Sermons  on  Public  Means  of  Grace"  were  published  in 
two  volumes,  8vo,  shortly  after  his  death.  .Vn  English  edition  of  these  remarkable  dis- 
courses brought  in  to  the  committee  of  publication  a  large  sum.  Besides  this  volume, 
only  a  few  episcopal  addresses  and  occasional  sermons  ever  a]ipeared  in  |irint. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  RICHARD  CHANNING   MOORE,  DD 


IRicbavb  Cbannint}  (Tl^oorc. 


TlIK  Church  in  \'irL;inia,  mijustly  (ie^>p(iilcd  of  its  glebes,  with  a 
clergy  list  aniuially  recortling  losses  b_\-  renii>\als,  lieaths,  and 
absDrptions  in  secular  jjursuits,  had  reached  its  lowest  point  when, 
in  the  choice  of  Moore  to  succeed  the  schohuiy  but  inacti\'e  Madi- 
son, a  new  life  was  infused  into  the  d_\-ing  body  ;  antl  that  life  is 
\igorous  still. 

Moore  was  born  in  New  York,  Aug.  21,  17^)2.  Originally  a 
student  of  medicine,  after  a  lew  \ears'  [jractice  he  entered  upon  a 
course  of  theological  stuily  under  the  direction  ol  Hi^hoj)  I'loxoost. 

He  was  ordered  deacon  in  St.  George's  Chapel,  New  ^'ork,  July 
15,  1787,  by  the  bishop  of  New  York;  and  was  priested  by  the 
same  prelate  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Sept.   ig,   17^7. 

Beginning  his  ministry  as  rector  of  Christ  Church.  Rye,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  for  about  two  years,  he  renioxed  to  Staten 
Island,  where  he  was  the  lieloxed  and  successful  incumbent  ot  St. 
Andrew's  Church  for  twenty-one  years.  He  received  his  ilocVorate 
in  divinity,  1805,  from  Dartmouth  College. 

In  iSog  he  remo',ei-l  to  New  \'ork.  where  he  became  the  rector 
of  St.  Stejihen's  Church.  Before  leaving  his  Staten  Islaiul  parish 
he  hail  represented  the  State  of  New  York  in  the  (ieneral  Coinen- 
tion  which  met  in  Baltimore,  1808:  and  at  this  Con\ention,  which 
gave  us  our  first  collection  of  hymns,  he  did  excellent  ser\-ice  as 
chairman  of  tlie  committee  of  the  House  of  Deputies  on  hymnody. 

Chosen  to  the  episciipate  by  the  few  Virginia  clerg\-  and  laity 
who  still  had  hope  of  the  Church's  re\'ival,  Moore's  consecration 
took  place  in  St.  James's  Church,  Philadelphia,  May  18,  1814.  His 
consecrators  were  Bishops  White,  Hobart,  ("iriswoKI,  and  Dehon. 

On  liis  taking  up  his  abode  in  Richmond,  the  Monumental  Church 
was  placed  under  his  pastoral  charge  and  became  the  center  ot  his 
activities.  It  was  not  long  before  the  Virginia  Church  was  matle 
again  the  Church  of  the  oldest  an<i  most  influential  families  of  the 
State. 

The  second  bishop  of  \'irginia,  after  an  ejiiscopate  co\ering 
nearl)-  three  decades,  died  at  Lynchburg,  No\-.  11,  1841.  He  will 
ever  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance  for  the  results  of  his  abun- 
dant labors,  seen  in  the  revixal  of  the  \'iiginia  Church. 

\V,,UKS.  — I.  ■•  .\  Sermon  rrcarlic.l  l.cfi.rf  tlie  Cincral  C.nvcntiun  in  .St.  [aiiKs's 
Churcli,   I'hilaik-I|.llia"  (T.S20);  2.  'I'hc  imniial  a.lilrrsm-s  iiastnrals,  an.l  (.liaryes.' 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JAMES   KEMP,   D.D. 


James  Ikcinp. 


The  only  suffragan  bishop  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States  was 
born  in  Keith  Hall  parish,  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  May  20,  i  764. 

Graduating  at  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen,  in  1 786,  Kemp 
emigrated  to  Maryland  the  following  year.  After  pursuing  his 
theological  studies  under  the  direction  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Bowie, 
rector  of  Great  Choptank  parish,  Md.,  he  received  deacon's  orders 
in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  Dec.  26,  i  789,  and  was  priested  the 
following  day  in  the  same  place,  the  ordainer  in  each  case  being 
Bishop  White.  Kemp  succeedetl  his  theological  instructor.  Dr. 
Bowie,  in  the  rectorship  of  Great  Choptank  parish  in  August,  i  790  ; 
and  after  an  incumbency  of  more  than  twenty  years  remo\cd  to 
Baltimore,  where  he  became  associate  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church. 
Coliunbia  College  conferred  on  him  the  doctorate  in  di\inity,  1802. 

There  being  need  of  additional  episcopal  services  in  Maryland, 
Kemp  was  consecrated  as  suffragan  to  Bishop  Claggett,  in  Christ 
Church,  New  Brun.swick,  N.  J.,  Sejjt.  I,  1S14,  b_\-  Bishops  White, 
Hobart,  and  Channing  Moore. 

As  suffragan  to  the  bishop  of  ^Maryland,  Kemp  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  "  Eastern  Shore,"  which  is  now  the  see  of  Easton.  In 
18 1 5  Kemp  was  elected  jjrosost  of  the  University  of  Maryland, 
which  honorable  position  he  held  during  the  remainder  of  his  days. 

On  the  death  of  the  bishop  of  the  see,  in  1816,  Kemp  succeeded 
to  the  bishopric  of  Maryland. 

The  circumstances  of  his  death  were  trying.  Returning  fmm  the 
consecration  of  Dr.  Henr)'  U.  C^nderdonk  as  assistant  to  Bishop 
White,  he  was  so  severely  injured  by  the  upsetting  of  his  stage- 
coach near  New  Castle,  Del.,  that  he  passed  away  after  three  days 
of  intense  suffering,  regretted  not  alone  in  Mar_\-land,  but  through- 
out the  American  Church. 

WiiKKS.  —  I.  "  Sernii>n  on  tlie  Death  of  Wai-lungtcin  "  (iSoo);  2.  "  Sermon  liefore  the 
Convention  of  the  Churdi  in  Maryland  "  ( 1S03)  :  j.  "  Sermon  before  the  Free  Masons  " 
(1806);  4.  "  .Sermon  before  the  General  Convention,  together  with  a  Tract  on  Conver- 
sion "  (1807)  ;  5.  "  Letters  in  Vindication  of  Episcopacy  "  (1808) ;  6.  "  Sermon  on  Death- 
bed Repentance  "  (1816) ;  7.  "  .Sermon  on  tl>e  Death  of  Bishop  Claggett  "  (1816)  ;  8.  "  An 
Address  before  the  Students  of  the  General  Theological  Seminary"  {1825). 


RIGHT  RtAEREND  JOHN  CROES,  D.D. 


John  Cvocd, 


Thk  first  bishop  of  New  Jersey  was  born  in  I'^lizabethtown,  in  tliat 
State,  June  I,  1762. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  War  of  the  Revohition  he  ser\ed  as  a 
ni)n-ciininiissii)ne(l  ntficer  vn  the  patriotic  side.  It  was  after  he  had 
for  some  time  succes^tuil}-  pursueil  the  vocation  of  a  classical  in- 
structor, and  had  openetl  a  pri\ate  academy  which  subsequently 
developed  into  a  piominent  institution  of  learning,  that  he  deter- 
mined to  ai)]>ly  fi>r  hnly  orders.  Ilis  theoJoL^ical  studies  were  pur- 
sued durinn  the  intervals  ot  teachinq,  and  were  directed  by  Bishop 
White,  who  ordered  him  deacon  in  .St.  Peter's,  Philadelphia,  Feb. 
28,  1790,  and  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  March  4,  1792,  in  the 
same  church.  His  first  cure  was  at  Swetlesbor.  .UL;h,  N.  J.,  where 
he  servetl  as  the  incumbent  of  Trinit\-  Church  for  twelve  \'ears.  In 
1793,  anil  again  in  I.S14,  he  was  a  deputy  from  New  Jersev  to  the 
General  Conventions  held  in  those  years.  At  the  session  of  this 
body  in  1814  he  was  elected  president  of  the  House  of  Deputies. 

In  I  80 1  Croes  removed  from  Swedesborough  to  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.,  where  he  unite<l  the  rectorship  of  Christ's  Church  with  the 
care  of  St.  Peter's,  Spotswood.  With  his  fondness  for  teaching, 
he  also  maintained  an  academy  of  clas'^ical  learning.  In  1811  he 
received  the  doctoi-ate  in  divinity  from  Columbia  College. 

In  June,  1S15,  he  was  electeil  to  the  eijiscopate  of  Connecticut, 
but  declined  thus  unlonkctl-for  distinction.  In  August  of  the  same 
year  he  was  cho-^en  to  the  episcopate  of  his  native  State.  His  con- 
secration took  place  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  Philadelphia,  Nov.  19, 
181 5,  Bishops  White,  Hobart,  and  Kemp  being  the  consecrators. 
The  death  of  this  excellent  man  and  devoted  bisliop  occurred  Julv 
26,   1S32. 

WiiKKS.  —  I.  '■  A  .Sermon  on  the  Duty  i>f  (■..ntril.utiiii;  I.ilieially  t.i  (lie  Pioni.iti..n  of 
Religious  and  Benevolent  Institutions";  2.  "  .\  Sermon  Ijefore  the  (,'ieneral  Convention 
of  1823";  3.  "  Addresses  to  his  Conventions.'' 


RIGHT   REVEREND  NATHANIEL  BOWEN,  D.D 


Bathatucl  Bovvcti. 


The  son  of  a  clerg\'nian  who  was  a  convert  from  tlie  Congrega- 
tionalists,  Natlianicl  Howen  was  born  in  Bostun,  June  2g,   1779. 

His  father  removed  with  liis  family  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  1787. 
On  the  death  of  the  elder  Bowen,  shortly  after  his  arrival,  the  Re\'. 
Robert  Smith,  subsequently  the  first  bishop  of  South  Carolina, 
tiink  charge  of  th^-  orphan  boy  and  provitlctl  for  his  etiucation. 
The  latl  was  an  apt  scholar,  and  on  his  yraduatiim  at  Charleston 
College,  1794,  received  an  app(;intment  as  tutor  at  his  alma  mater, 
where  he  continued  for  se\eral  _\-ears. 

Returning  to  his  nati\'e  cit_\-,  Bowen  prepared  himself  for  hol_\- 
orders,  untler  the  charge  of  Ur.  (afterward  Bishop)  Parker,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  June  3,  I  800, 
by  Bishop  l^ass.  lie  was  athanccLl  to  the  priesthood  in  October, 
1802,  at  St.  Paul's  Ciuirch,  .\e\vbur\-port,  by  the  same  prelate.  The 
day  of  his  ordination  is  not  known  with  certainty.  After  a  brief 
pastorate  at  St.  John's  Church,  Providence,  R.  I.,  Bowen  returned, 
March,  1802,  to  Charleston,  where  he  became  the  assistant  minister 
of  St.  Michael's  Church,  succceiling  to  the  rectorship,  1804.  Fi\-e 
\ears  later  he  renicued  to  Xew  York  and  became  rector  of  Grace 
Church  in  that  city.  He  received  his  doctorate  in  divinity,  1814, 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  fiom  the  College  of  South 
Carolina. 

Bowen  receivetl  consecration  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia, 
Oct.  8,  181 8,  Bishops  White,  Hobart,  Kemp,  and  Crocs  being  his 
consecrators.  After  an  episcopate  of  upward  of  twenty  years,  l^ishop 
Bowen  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  Aug.  25,  1839.  His  remains  were 
interred  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Michael's  Church.  To  unusual  pulpit 
powers  he  added  great  executive  abilitv-  and  a  commantiing  influence 
over  men.  He  was  an  accomplished  scholar,  a  wise  theologian,  and 
a  holy  man. 

Works.—  i.  "  Sennrm  liefore  the  Bible  anil  Common  Prayer-book  Society"  (lSl2); 
2.  "  Six  Sermons  on  Christian  Consolation"  (1831);  3.  "Pastoral  .Advice:  An  Essay" 
(1831);  4.  "The  Duty  of  being  Confirmed"  (1831);  5.  "  On  Respondint;  Aloud  "( 1833) ; 
6.  "  Fast-day  Circular"  {1833);  7.  "  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  I'.i^hoi.  White"  (lS3b); 
8.  "  An  Address  before  the  Students  of  the  Ceneral  Theological  Seminary  "  ( 1836)  ;  aK.i 
other  occasional  sermons. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  PHILANDER  CHASE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


Ipbilanbcr  Cbaec. 


The  first  American  bishop  const-cralcd  for  Uie  territor_\-  lying- 
west  of  the  Alleghanies  was  born  in  Cornisli,  \.  H.,  Dec.  14,  1773. 

He  was  graduated  at  Dartmoutli  College,  1796.  Admitted  to 
the  diacDiiate  b\"  Bishop  Pro\-oost  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York, 
June  10,  1798,  and  priested  by  the  same  prelate,  in  the  same  place, 
Nov.  10,  1799,  Chase  began  his  ministry  by  missiimary  work  in  the 
northern  antl  western  portions  ot  New  \'ork.  Uuriiig  these  itinerant 
labors  he  organized  parishes  at  Utica,  Canandaigua,  and  Auburn, 
each  of  which  became  a  center  of  strength  and  usefulness.  In  1800 
he  assumed  the  charge  of  the  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill  churches. 
In  1805  he  went  to  New  r)rleans,  where  he  organized  and  entered 
upon  the  rectorship  of  Christ  Church.  Returning  to  the  North, 
iSii,  he  became  rector  of  Christ  Cluiich,  llarttord,  Conn.;  hut 
tiiuling  the  work  of  a  city  parish  unsuited  t(.)  his  tastes,  he  entered 
upiin  mission  work  in  the  territory  to  the  west  of  the  Alleghanies, 
whither  the  stream  of  emigration  was  steadily  tending. 

Holding  his  first  service  in  Ohio  at  a  town  called  Salem,  Maich  16, 
1817,  Chasi.-  organized  jjarishes  at  numerous  points,  ,-uul  in  June  of 
the  s.ame  year  took  charge  of  the  church  at  W'nrtliington,  with  out- 
lying work  at  Delaware  and  Columbus,  and  adding  tn  his  missinn- 
ary  and  pastoral  duties  the  oxersight  of  an  academy  at  Worthington. 

It  had  long  been  the  pur[)ose  of  the  Churchmen  in  the  United 
States  t(5  secure  the  Western  territory  for  Christ  and  His  Church. 
An  "act  of  the  General  Convention"  adopted  in  1798  had  pro- 
posed measures  for  the  extension  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ  in  the 
regions  beyond  the  Alleghanies.  The  appeals  of  the  frontier  clerg)-, 
wlio  (as  in  the  case  of  the  celebrated  Re\-.  Joseph  Doddridge,  M.D.) 
were  laboring  alnmst  single-handed  at  \'arious  jioints  in  the  lands 
but  lately  opened  up  to  immigration,  were  not  wholly  retused  a 
hearing.  Bishop  White,  th<.ugh  lint  once  in  his  episcopate  reaching 
the  western  bnundaries  of  his  own  see  at  Pittsburg,  still  recognized 
the  Church's  dut\-  of  [jroviding  for  the  actual  and  intending  settlers 
of  the  West.  The  abundant  labors  and  the  marked  success  of 
Chase's  missionary  journeys  indicated  his  special  fitness  for  an  ap- 
pointment to  a  Western  episcopate,  and  he  was  therefore  consecrated 
bishop  of  Ohio,  l-'eb.  II,  1819,  in  St.  James's  Church,  Philadelphia, 
by  Bishops  White,  Hobart,  Kemp,  and  Croes. 

41 


4-.'  I  III:    hl'ISCOI'Ari:    I \   AMKA'IC.L 

rile  new  bishoj)  at  once  eiitereci  upon  the  duties  of  his  charye. 
Chosen  to  tlie  presidency  oi  Cincinnati  CoUeye,  1821,  he  retained 
the  headship  of  this  institution  for  two  j-ears,  while  taking  measures 
for  the  establishment  of  a  theological  seminary  in  his  see  for  the 
training  of  his  candidates  for  orders  in  theology  as  well  as  in  arts.  In 
the  prosecution  of  this  purpose,  which  resulted  in  the  foundation 
and  partial  endowment  of  a  theological  seminary  and  Kenyon  Col- 
lege, at  Gambler,  O.,  the  bishop  visited  England,  where  his  earnest- 
ness, his  devotion,  and  the  e\idcnt  advantage  of  founding  a  C!luirch 
college  and  divinity  school  in  the  Western  world,  gained  for  him, 
and  for  the  cause  he  advocated,  noble,  influential,  and  liberal  friends, 
and  made  the  Western  mission  work  of  the  American  Church  for  the 
first  time  known  in  England. 

Difficulties  ha\'ing  arisen  in  the  dc\  i-lopmcnt  of  his  work,  Hi>ho|> 
Chase,  in  September,  18,5 1,  resigned  the  presidenc}-  of  the  theological 
seminary  and  Kenyon  College,  as  well  as  his  episcopate. 

Removing  to  Michigan  in  1832,  where  he  remained  and  faithfully 
labored  for  several  years,  he  w;is  chosen  by  the  clergy  of  Illinois,  in 
1 835,. as  their  bishop;  and  on  accepting  this  new  administration  he 
proceeded  to  organize  a  diocese  and  found  a  college,  for  which,  on 
visiting  England  in  its  interest,  he  secured  a  handsome  sum.  This 
institution  he  named  Jubilee  College.  It  was  situated  in  Peoria 
Count}-,  111.,  at  a  spot  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  Robin's  Nest. 
Eiberal  gilts  were  obtained  for  this  new  \enture,  and  the  last  days 
of  the  good  bishop  were  brightened  by  the  sympathy  and  support 
of  Churchmen  at  home  and  abroad. 

On  the  death  of  Bishop  Griswokl,  1S43,  the  bishoj)  of  IlliiK)is  be- 
came presiding  bishop.      His  death  occurred  Sept.  20,  1852. 

Chase  receixed  the  doct<irate  in  di\inity  from  Columbia  College, 
1 8 19,  and  the  doctorate  of  laws  from  Cincinnati  College,  1823. 

He  was  a  man  of  intense  feelings,  marvelous  powers  of  endur- 
ance, unusual  pertinacity,  and  great  impatience  of  opposition.  As 
a  pioneer  bishop  he  rendered  services  throughout  the  middle  West 
which  can  ne\er  be  forgotten.  His  unfailing  wit  and  humor  made 
him  welcome  in  the  settlers'  cabins,  on  the  stage-coach,  on  the  canal 
and  steamboat, — wherever  travelers  congregated.  He  was  raised  up 
of  God  for  his  work,  and  the  results  of  his  self-denying  efforts  will 
be  seen  forexer.  The  story  of  his  controversies  have  little  interest 
to-day.  It  is  enough  to  recall  the  fact  that  this  great-hearted  man 
was  naturally  misunderstood  by  the  men  about  him,  who  were  in- 
capable of  judging  of  his  measures  or  of  recognizing  his  vast  superi- 
ority. They  have  long  since  passed  into  a  merited  obscurit}-,  while 
the  bishop  they  annoyed  with  their  petty  provocations  is  remem- 
bered with  ever  increasing  veneration.  It  is  given  to  few  to  whom 
is  intrusted  the  Episcopal  office  to  found  two  dioceses  and  establish  two 


Ph'ILAXnEK    ill  ASH.  43 

institutions  of  the  hii^iier  learning,  one  of  which  at  least  will  e\er 
perpetuate  his  name  and  fame. 

Full  of  energy,  persexerance,  and  zeal,  he  will  e\er  be  remem- 
bered as  a  master  builder  of  the  Church  of  Guil. 

Wdrks.— I.  '■  A  Plea  for  the  WeM  "  (1S26);  2.  "  The  Star  in  the  West"  (I.S2S); 
3.  "  Defense  of  Kenyon  College"  (1S31);  4.  "  A  Plea  for  Jubilee"  (1835);  5.  "  Remi- 
niscences :  An  Autobiography  "  (2  vols.,  Svo,  1847)  ;  6.  The  "  Pastoral  Letters  "  of  the 
House  of  Bishops  from  1844  to  1850,  inclusive.  His  "  Life"  has  been  published.  See 
also  "  Malignitv  Exposed:  A  N'indication  of  Hishop  Chase,"  bv  Rev.  Samuel  Chase 
(1847),  and  "  Scrnion  in  Memory  of  P.ish.ip  Chase,"  by  Rev.  D.  Chase  (Jubilee  ('ol- 
lege,  1852). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  CHURCH   BROWNELL,  D.D. 


XTboinas  Church  SSrowncU. 


The  successor  of  Scabury  and  Jar\is  in  the  episcopate  of  Con- 
necticut was  born  at  W'estport,  Mass.,  Oct.  19,   1779. 

He  was  graduated  at  Union,  1804,  becoming  tutor  (1S05-06),  jiro- 
fessor  of  logic  and  belles-lettres  (1806-11),  lecturer  on  chemistr\' 
(181  1-14),  and  professor  of  rhetoric  and  chemistry  (1814-17)  '"  '''^ 
alma  mater.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Trinity  Church, 
New  York,  April  11,  1816,  and  was  advanced  to  the  jjriesthooil,  .Aug. 
4,  1 8  16,  by  Bishop  Hobart,  in  the  same  church. 

The  vacancy  in  the  episcopate  in  Connecticut  had  continued  for 
six  years.  The  Re\'.  Dr.  Croes,  of  New  Jersey,  had  declined  an 
election  to  the  see  in  1S15.  It  was  natural  that  the  clergy  and  lait}-, 
t<i  whom  l^ishop  Hobait  had  jjrox  isionally  ministered  with,  gi'eat  ac- 
ceptance tor  sc\'ei"al  \'cars,  shnuld  turn  their  thoughts  tn  the  rising 
scholar. and  di\'ine  \\h<i  had  enterctl  u]ion  so  distinguishetl  a  career 
at  Schenectady.  Recei\ing  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  in  1819  fmm 
Cnlumbia  and  Union,  he  was  consecrated  in  Tiinit_\"  Chinch,  New 
]ia\en,  (  )ct.  27,  1819,  b_\-  Bishops  While,  Hoh.irt,  and  (iriswold. 

Uii  entering  upon  his  see,  Brownell  founded  at  Hartford,  the  city 
of  his  residence,  Washington  College,  en  which  he  became  the  presi- 
dent. In  after-years  the  name  of  this  institution  of  Christian  learn- 
ing was  changed  to  Trinity,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  its  founder,  with 
hand  extended  as  in  benetliction,  stands  on  the  campus  of  this  noble 
foundatinn. 

The  ilnties  of  the  episcopate,  tri  which  were  added  the  cares  of  the 
direction  of  a  college,  were  not  enough  to  exhaust  his  energy  and 
de\otion.  Undertaking,  at  the  recjuest  of  the  Domestic  Missionary 
Board,  an  extensive  visitation  through  the  Southern  States,  not  then 
organized  into  dioceses,  he  rendered  a  ser\"ice  the  results  of  which 
will  ever  be  seen  and  felt. 

In  1852,  on  the  decease  of  Chase,  Brownell  became  prcsiiiing 
bishop.  He  died,  after  a  most  honored  and  useful  episcopate,  at 
Hartford,  Jan.  13,  1865.  It  would  be  quite  impo.ssible  to  overesti- 
mate the  influences  for  good  to  the  Church,  the  college,  and  the 
community  resulting  from  his  laborious  and  self-forgetful  life. 

\VoRK.S.  —  I.  '■  Conimentaiy  cjii  tlie  liouk  of  Coiiimon  Prayer"  (Svo.  numerous  edi- 
tions) ;  2.  "  Consolation  for  the  Afflicted  "  ;  3.  "  The  Christian's  Walk  and  Consolation  "  ; 
4.  "  An  Exhortation  to  Repentance";  5.  "  Family  Prayers";  6.  "  Religion  of  the 
Heart"  (5  vols.);  7.  "Religious  Inquirer  Answered";  8.  "  The  Youthful  Christian's 
Guide";  9.  "  New-Englandism  not  the  Religion  of  the  Bible";  10.  Occasional  ser- 
mons, etc.      See  "  Commemorative  Discourse,"  by  E.  E.  Beardsley  (1865). 

45 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN  STARK  RAVENSCROFT,  D.D. 


Jobn  Stavh  IRavcnscrott. 


Thk  first  bishop  of  North  CaroHna  entered  upon  the  work  of  the 
ministry  at  the  age  of  forty-five  years. 

Born  near  Blanford  in  Prince  George's  County,  Va.,  i  ']']2,  his  early 
life  was  spent  in  Scotland,  and  it  was  not  until  he  had  reached  the  age 
of  twenty-seven  that  he  determined  upon  a  profession,  and  entered 
William  and  Mary  College,  with  the  \'iew  of  preparing  for  the 
law.  A  return  to  Scotland,  rendered  necessary  for  the  final  settle- 
ment of  his  paternal  estate,  prevented  the  accomplishment  of  this 
purpose.  Returning  to  Virginia,  Ravenscroft  lived  as  a  country 
gentleman  on  his  lands  in  Lunenburg  County  for  eighteen  years, 
during  which  period,  it  is  said,  "  he  never  bent  his  knees  in  prayer, 
nor  did  he  once  open  a  Bible." 

About  the  year  1810  the  wild  enthusiasm  of  a  religious  body 
known  as  "Republican  Methodists"  made  an  impression  on  his 
mind  :  but  after  a  brief  connection  with  these  fanatics  he  withdrew 
from  their  membership  and  received  the  grace  of  confirmation  at 
the  hands  of  Bishop  Channing  Moore. 

The  knowledge  of  his  purpose  to  enter  upon  the  ministry  secured 
for  this  gifted  man  an  invitation  to  a  Virginia  rectorship  some 
months  before  his  ordination.  April  25,  181 7,  Bishop  Moore 
admitted  him  to  the  diaconate  in  the  Monumental  Church,  Rich- 
mond, and.  May  6th  of  the  same  year,  advanced  him  to  the  priest- 
hood in  St.  George's  Church,  Fredericksburg.  He  hail  not  ex- 
ercised his  ministerial  functions  for  five  years  when  his  shining 
abilities,  which  had  secured  him  numerous  invitations  to  important 
posts,  gained  for  him  the  election  to  the  episcopate  of  North  Caro- 
lina. He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Philadelphia,  May 
22.  1S2:;,  by  Bishops  White,  Griswold,  Kemp,  Croes,  Bowen,  and 
Brownell.  His  doctorates  in  divinity  were  conferred  upon  him,  in 
the  year  of  his  consecration,  by  Columbia,  W'illiam  and  Mar\-,  and 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill. 

The  administration  of  Ravenscroft  was  energetic,  wise,  and  suc- 
cessful, and  the  Church  under  his  charge  grew  in  power.  His  death 
occurred  March  5,  I  830.  The  Church  throughout  the  laml  nidurned 
his  loss. 

Wc.iKKs. — Besides  the  usual  occasional  sermons,  addresses,  charges,  and  pastnral  1ft 
ters,  two  volumes  of  sermons  were  published  after  his  death,  and  are  still  helil  in  high 
esteem.  .See  Wainwright's  "Memoir";  also  his  "Correspondence  with  Professor 
Mitchell"  (1825). 

47 


RIGHT   REVEREND   HENRY   LISTICK  ONDERDONK,  D.D. 


1l3cnr\>  XTletich  ©nbcr^onh. 


The  choice  of  an  assistant  to  the  venerable  White  involved  a  bit- 
ter partizan  controversy,  which  left  its  baleful  effects  on  the  Church 
for  many  years.  Tlie  successful  candidate  was  one  of  the  must 
noted  Churchmen  of  his  da}-,  and  his  brilliant  episcojiate,  though 
clouded  toward  its  close,  still  realized  the  inspired  prediction  that 
"  at  evening-time  it  shall  be  light.  " 

Onderdonk  was  born  in  New  York,  March  16,  1789,  and  was 
graduated  at  Columbia  College,  1805.  Ha\ing  de\oted  his  life  to 
medicine,  he  studied  \ix  Lwndon  aiid  Edinburgh,  recei\ing  his  de- 
gree of  M.D.  froni-Uie  universlt'y  Df~fTic-ktttei^ei4.\-.  On  his  return 
to  New  York  he  became  acti\ely  engaged  in  his  profession. 

After  a  few  years,  Onderdonk  studied  theology  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Hobart,  who  ordered  him  deacon  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Dec.  8, 
181 5,  and  priested  him  in  Trinity  Church,  April  11,  1816.  After  a 
four  years'  pastorate  at  Canandaigua  he  became  rector  of  St.  Ann's, 
Brooklyn,  where  he  remained  until  his  consecration  to  the  episcopate. 

Chosen  assistant  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  consecrated, 
Oct.  25,  1827,  in  Christ  Churcli,  Philadelphia,  by  Bishops  White, 
Hobart,  Kemp,  Croes,  and  Bowen.  He  received  his  doctorate  in 
di\inity  the  same  year  from  Columbia  and  from  Geneva  (now 
Hobart)  College.  In  1836  he  became,  on  the  death  of  White,  the 
bishop  of  Pennsyhania. 

He  resigned  his  bishopric,  1844.  The  resignation  was  accepted, 
and  because  of  charges  of  ha\ing  contracted  habits  of  intemperance 
(which  he  did  not  den)-)  he  was  suspended  from  the  exercise  of 
his  office  and  ministry.  Humbly  receiving  this  act  of  discipline, 
Onderdonk  lived  for  the  remainder  of  his  days  a  life  of  sanctity  ; 
and  in  1856,  was,  with  singular  unanimity,  restored  to  the  exercise 
of  his  office.  He  died  in  Philadelphia,  Dec.  6,  1858,  with  the  re- 
gained confidence  and  regard  of  all  men. 

Works. — i.  "An  Appeal  to  the  Religious  I'ulilic  of  Canandaigua"  (i8i8);  2. 
"  Episcopacy  Tested  by  Scripture  "  ( 1830) ;  3.  "  Episcopacy  E.\aniined  and  Ree.\amined  " 
{1835)  ;  4.  "  Essay  on  Regeneration  "  ( 1835) ;  5.  "  Family  Devotions  from  the  Liturgy  " 
(1835);  6.  "Thoughts  on  the  Objections  to  Christianity"  (1835);  7.  "  Sermons  and 
Charges"  (2  vols.,  8vo,  1851). 

Onderdonk  was  an  exact  theologian,  a  controversialist  of  the  highest  order,  an  able 
logician,  and  a  poet  of  decided  merit.  In  the  Collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns  appended 
to  the  Prayer-book  of  the  time.  Nos.  14,  105,  106,  109,  131,  195,  203,  208  and  2H  of 
the  hymns,  and  Nos.  16,  23,  and  59  of  the  psalms  are  his. 

See  Horace  Binney's  'Case"  (1853);  Bishop  Meade's  "  Counterstatement  "  (1S54), 
etc. 

49 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   MEADE,  D.D. 


Milliain  m^cabc. 


It  was  at  a  day  when  nearly  all  men  despaired  of  the  YirL;iin'a 
Church  that,  in  the  consecration  of  his  life  to  the  ministr_\-,  Meade 
entereil  upon  a  career  to  which,  under  (iod,  the  rc\'i\'al  of  the 
Church  in  his  native  State  is  largely  due. 

Born  near  Millwood,  Clark  County,  Va.,  Nov.  1 1,  i  789,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton,  1808,  he  was  ortlered  deacon  by  Bishop  Madison, 
in  Bruton  parish  church,  Williamsburg,  Feb.  24.  1811,  and  was 
advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  I^ishoj)  Claggett,  Jan.  29,  1814,  in 
St.  Paul's  Church.  Alexandria,  \'a. 

Beginning  his  ministry  as  curate  to  the  Rew  Alexander  Balmaine, 
the  rector  of  Millwootl,  with  the  exception  of  two  years  (1811-13, 
when  he  took  charge  of  Christ  Church,  Alexamlria)  his  ministrations 
were  given  to  Millwood,  of  which  he  subsequently  became  rector. 
In  1827  the  College  of  William  and  Mary  conferred  upon  him  the 
doctorate  in  divinity. 

Meade  had  become  a  leader  of  the  "  I'^\-angelical  "  party,  and 
had  been  the  candidate  of  that  school  for  the  assistant  bishopric  of 
Pennsylvania.  Losing  that  appointment  by  a  single  vote,  he  was 
chosen  to  the  assistant  bishopric  of  Virginia.  He  was  consecrated 
in  .St.  James's  Church,  Philadelphia,  Aug.  19,  1829,  b}'  liishops 
White,  Ilobart,  Griswold,  Channing  Moore,  Croes,  l^rovvnell,  and 
H.  U.  Onderdonk. 

On  the  death  of  Moore  he  became,  without  ojjjxisition,  bishop  of 
Virginia,  although  he  haci  been  originall\-  elected  without  the  right 
of  succession.  The  bishops,  at  the  time  of  his  consecration,  i)rotested 
against  this  disability,  and  it  was  never  urged. 

Meade,  with  no  little  reluctance,  entered  into  the  confederation  of 
the  Churches  of  the  South  during  the  Ci\il  War,  and  became,  by 
virtue  of  seniority  of  consecration,  the  presiding  bishop  of  the  Church 
in  the  Confederate  States.  He  died  March  14,  1862,  at  Richmond, 
Va.  His  remains,  first  interred  in  Holl3'wood,  now  rest  in  the  ceme- 
tery of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia.  He  was  "  a  good 
man,  and  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost." 

WoRiv.s.  —  I.  "  Family  Prayers  "  (1834) ;  2.  "  Lectures  on  the  Pastoral  Office  "  (1849) ; 
3.  "  Old  Churches,  Ministers,  and  Families  of  Virginia"  (2  vols.,  8vo,  1856) ;  4.  "  The 
Bible  and  the  Classics"  (1861).  Bishop  Meade  reprinted  Bacon's  "Sermons  to  Ser- 
vants," originally  issued  in  colonial  days.  His  sermons,  addresses,  p.astorals.  etc.,  had 
a  wide  circulation.  To  his  fostering  care  the  \'irginia  Theological  Seminary  is  deeply 
indelited.      See  "  Memoir  "  liy  Bishop  Johns. 

5' 


RIGHT  REVHREND  WILLIAM   MDRRAY  STONE,  CD. 


Milliam  ni>iuTa\>  Stone. 


The  episcopate  of  the  third  bishop  of  Maryland  was  comparatively 
brief  and  uneventful.  It  was  a  period  of  transition  in  the  diocesan 
history.  The  clergy  of  ante-Re\-ohitionar\-  ordination,  those  who, 
on  the  one  side  or  the  other,  had  participated  in  the  stirring  scenes 
of  the  Revolution,  anti  even  the  few  who  at  the  introduction  of  the 
episcopate  into  this  country  had  entered  upon  the  ministry  at  the 
first  ordinations  of  the  earliest  bishops,  were  now  at  rest  or  incapaci- 
tated. The  party  spirit  wiiich  had  begun  to  manifest  itself  through- 
out all  sections  of  the  church  was  nijw  at  its  height  in  ]\lar3-laiul. 
It  was  not  long  before  the  first  schismatic  organization  was  effected, 
and  the  founder  of  the  short-li\-ed  "  Evangelical  Episcopal  Church  " 
in  Maryland  was  the  theological  instructor  of  the  bishop  who  suc- 
ceeded the  able  and  inflexible  Kemp,  Ranged  under  opposing 
banners,  and  using  the  shibboleth  of  party,  the  clergy,  not  alone  of 
IVIaryland,  but  elsewhere,  wasted  in  intestine  strifes  the  strength 
and  effort  which,  if  directed  to  secure  the  Church's  ad\ance,  would 
ha\e  "  made  glad  the  cit\'  of  nnr  God." 

Born  in  Somerset  Count}-,  Md.,  June  I,  I  7/9,  Stone  was  gradu- 
ated at  Washington  College,  Kent  Count)-,  Md.,  and,  diiectly  on 
receixing  his  degree,  began  the  stuily  ot  theolog}-  under  the  tutor- 
ship of  the  eloquent  and  accomplished  George  Dashiel,  of  Haltimoie. 

He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  b}-  Bishoij  Claggett,  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Prince  George's  County,  Md.,  May  17,  1802.  antl  re- 
cei\ed  the  priesthood  at  the  hands  of  the  same  jii-elate,  in  the  same 
place,  Dec.  27,  1S02. 

For  more  than  a  t]uarter  of  a  centur\-  Stone  served  as  rector  of 
Stepney  parish,  Somerset  Count}-,  remoxing  in  1829  to  St.  I'aid's 
Church,  Chestertow-n,  in  the  count}'  of  Kent. 

In  1830  he  received  the  doctorate  in  di\init}-  from  Columbia  Col- 
lege, New 'S'ork,  and  on  Oct.  2  1st  of  the  same  }-ear  was  consecrated 
bi.sho]}  of  Mar}-lantl  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Baltimore,  b}-  Bishops 
White,  Channing  Moore,  H.  U.  (Jnderdonk-,  and  Meade. 

Bishop  Stone  died  P"eb.  26,  i8>S,  after  a  life  consecrated  to  Christ 
and  His  Church. 

Wi.kKs.  — I.  ■•  .\  CliarKc  t.i  the  < 'leri^y  an,l  I.aity  ..f  Maiylana"  (iS;i);  2.  ".\  I'as- 
toral  Letter"  (1S35);  _;.  "  Sermon  liefure  the  (ieneral  Convention"  (iS,;5). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  BENJAMIN  TREDWEI.L  ONDERDONK,  D.D. 


.tScnjamin  ^vc^\vcU  ©nbcrbonh. 


A  r.l'I.KV  octavo  record-s  the  "  Trial  of  l^ishop  B.  T.  (  )n(lercloiik." 
With  the  sciires  of  other  pamphlets  called  out  b_\-  this  proceedini^, 
there  will  be  preserved  for  all  time  to  come  the  stor_\-  of  one  of  the 
most  painful  chapters  of  the  annals  of  the  American  Church.  Re- 
viewed after  the  lapse  of  fift\-  \'ears,  a  sober  juilynient  will  possibly 
question  the  wisdom  of  the  court's  decision,  and  belie\e  that  party 
differences  (though  quite  unintentionally)  hindered  the  more  chari- 
table construction  of  acts  and  purposes  deemeti  at  the  time  conclu- 
sive of  guilt.  Certain!)-,  if  a  holy  and  humble  walk  during  the  long 
years  of  his  suspension,  and  consistent  and  unwavering  protestations 
of  innocence  of  conscious  sin,  are  to  enter  into  our  consideration, 
Onderdonk  may  be  regarded  as  sinned  against,  even  if  sinning. 

Born  in  New  York,  Jul)-  15,  1791,  ant!  ^.^railuatetl  from  Columbia, 
1809,  Onderilonk  was  admitted  to  the  dia<:(inate  b)-  Ilobart,  in  St. 
Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  Aug.  2,  1812,  and  was  [jriested  b)-  the 
same  prelate,  in  Trinit)'  Chui'ch,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Jul)-  26,   1S15. 

In  1816  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Dicjccsan  Con\-ention,  which 
position,  with  an  assistancy  at  Trinity,  New  York,  he  held  until  he 
was  raised  to  the  episcopate.  The  professorship  of  ecclesiastical 
history  in  the  General  Theological  Seminar)-,  with  the  chair  of  the 
nature,  ministr)-,  and  polity  of  the  Church,  he  noniinall)-  retained 
until  his  death.      In  1826  Columbia  College  ga\  e  him  a  D.I). 

Onderdonk  was  consecrated  bishop  of  New  Yoik  in  St.  John's 
Chapel.  New  York,  Nov.  26,  1830,  by  Bishops  White,  Hrownell,  and 
H.  U.  Onderdonk.  His  episcopate  was  vigorous  and  aggressi\e. 
Untiring  in  labors,  pronounced  in  his  judgments,  impatient  nf  oppo- 
sition, he  was  naturally  a  leader;  and  his  "  High-Church  "  position 
secured  for  him  enemies  as  well  as  friends. 

Bishop  Onderdonk  was  suspended  Jan.  3,  1S43.  The  request  of 
the  Diocesan  Con\-ention  to  the  General  Convention  of  1859  to  ter- 
minate the  suspension,  which  had  been  adopted  b)-  a  clerical  vote 
of  147  to  19,  and  by  a  lay  \-ote  of  75  to  46,  was  not  granted.  Dr. 
S.  H.  Tyng,  a  leader  of  the  opposition,  earnestly  advocated  the  re- 
mission of  the  sentence,  and  the  bishop's  restoration  was  repeatedl)- 
urged  by  the  diocese.  Before  the  next  General  Convention,  Onder- 
donk died,  April  30,  I  86  I ,  still  protesting  his  innocence. 

Works.— Episoiixil  ad<lrc^>e>,  cliargcs,  and  i.a>t..rals. 
55 


RIGHT  REVEREND  LEVI   SII.LIMAN   IVES,  D.D.,   I.L.D. 


%cv\  Silliinan  Hvcs. 


Born  in  Meriden,  Comi.,  Sei)t.  16,  i  797,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
entered  Hamilton  College,  X.  Y.,  18 16,  with  the  Presbyterian  min- 
istr_\-  in  \'ie\v.  Failing  health  compelled  the  abandonment  of  his 
purpose.  He  left  college  without  graduating,  and  on  renvi\ing  to 
New  York  began  his  preparation  for  hoi}'  orders  under  the  ilireclion 
of  l^ishop  Hobart. 

Ordered  deacon  by  this  prelate,  Aug.  4,  1S22,  in  Trinity,  New- 
York,  and  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  Trinity  (Southwark),  Phila- 
delphia, Dec.  14,  1823,  by  Bishop  White,  Ives  served  at  St.  James's, 
Bata\'ia.  N.  Y. ;  Trinity  (Southwark),  Philadelphia;  as  assistant  min- 
ister at  Trinity,  New  York  ;  and  as  rector  of  St.  Luke's,  New  York, 
and  St.  James's,  Lancaster,  Pa.  In  1824  Columbia  conferred  upon 
him  the  doctorate  in  (li\inity.  He  recei\'ed  the  doctorate  of  laws 
from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  1834.  He 
was  consecrated  to  the  see  of  North  Carolina,  in  Trinity  Church 
(Southwark),  Philadelphia,  Sept.  22,  1831,  by  Bishops  White,  H.  U. 
and  B.  T.  C)n(.ler(.lonk. 

After  serious  difficulties  with  his  clergy  and  laity,  resulting  in  an 
utter  loss  of  confidence  on  the  part  of  the  diocese  in  his  judgment 
and  integrity.  Bishop  I\'es,  quite  suddenh-,  made  his  submission  to 
the  Roman  obedience,  and  was  solemnly  deposed  trom  his  episcopal 
office  and  administration,  October,  1S53. 

The  perversion  of  I-!ishop  Ives  was  not  attended  with  serious  in- 
jur_\-  to  the  American  Church,  and  in  his  new  relations  he  failed  to 
attain  the  prominence  that  was  anticipated.  He  was  ajipointed  pro- 
fessor of  rhetoi-ic  in  St.  Josejili's  Seminary.  I*"ordham,  N.  Y.,  lec- 
turer on  English  literature  and  1  hetoric  in  the  Convent  ot  the  Sacred 
Heart,  and  [iresident  of  the  Order  of  St.  \'incent  de  Paul.  He  died 
Oct.   13,   1867. 

WiiRKs.  —  I.  "  A  Catediisni  "  ;  2.  "  ^^anual  uf  Dt-votiuu  "  ;  ^.  "  Sermons  on  the  Apos- 
tles' Doctrine  and  Fellowsliip  "  ;  4.  "Trials  of  a  .Mind  in  its  Progress  to  Catholicism" 
(published  in  Boston,  1853,  and  reprinted  in  London  the  following  year)  ;  5.  Occasional 
sermons,  addresse.s,  charges,  and  pastorals. 


y*%K  '-'^        ,'^' 


^  '        "">-•# 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   HENRY   HOPKINS,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


Jobii  1f3cnr\>  *ff3ophin8. 


Soon  after  the  close  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  the  erratic 
Samuel  Peters,  LL.D.,  a  refugee  clergyman  of  Connecticut  then 
residint;"  in  London,  was  chosen  tu  the  episcopate  of  Vermont,  and 
measures  were  set  on  toot  to  secure  his  consecration  either  in  Eng- 
land or  from  the  bishops  of  the  United  States.  The  plan  failed,  and 
the  Churchmen  of  Vermont  at  a  later  day  placed  themselves  under 
the  charge  of  the  excellent  Bass,  of  Massachusetts,  who  never  visited 
them,  and  who  was,  possibly,  unaware  of  his  election  to  the  see. 
Vermont  afterward  became  a  part  of  the  Mastern  Diocese,  and  en- 
jo_\-ed  the  apostolic  ministrations  nf  Griswold  till,  in  the  dexelop- 
ment  of  the  Church  in  this  State,  and  in  the  reco\ei-_\-  (if  much  of  its 
old  endowments  arising  from  grants  of  land  made  prior  to  the  war  to 
the  Venerable  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,  it  was  deemed  expedient  ti)  form  an  independent  see  and  to 
elect  a  iiishop  of  its  own. 

John  Henry  Hopkins,  first  bishop  of  Vermont,  was  born  in  Diib- 
lin,  Ireland,  Jan.  30,  1792.  During  the  future  bishop's  bi.iyhood 
his  father  removed  with  his  famil\-  to  the  L'liited  States,  making  his 
home  in  Philatlelphia. 

After  \'aried  experiences,  in  all  oi  which  appears  the  guiding 
hand  of  Providence,  the  young  Hopkins  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  speedily  attained  a  successful  and  lucrative  practice  at  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.  During  a  vacancy  in  the  rectorship  of  Trinity  Church, 
of  which  he  was  a  devoted  member,  his  ser\-ices  as  a  lay  reader  and 
in  the  conduct  of  the  church  music,  as  well  as  in  the  Sunda_\'-school 
and  other  parish  actixities,  were  so  acceptable  to  the  congregation 
that  the  \estry  elected  him,  even  before  he  had  become  a  candidate 
for  orders,  to  the  rectorship  of  the  church.  After  consultation  with 
Bishop  White,  the  young  lawyer  determined  to  accept  the  \-estry's 
invitation,  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Trinity  Church 
(South wark),  Philadelphia,  Dec.  14,  1823,  by  J-iishoj)  White,  who  ad- 
\anced  him  to  the  [jriestliood  in  St.  John's,  Norristown,  Pa.,  May  12, 
1S24.  In  1826,  and  again  in  1829,  Hopkins  was  a  deputy  to  the 
General  Con\ention  from  the  diocese  of  Penns\'hania,  taking  from 
the  first  a  leading  purl  in  its  debates  and  measures. 

In  1831  he  was  called  to  Iioston,  A\here  he  became  the  assistant 
minister  of   Trinit}-   Church,  and   was  designated  the   i)rofessor  of 

59 


60  THE    EPISCOr.ll E    l.\  AMERICA. 

systematic  divinity  in  the  proposed  theological  school  of  the  (Hd- 
cesc.  It  was  in  tiie  midst  of  preparations  for  the  establishment  of 
this  school  that  Hopkins  was  chosen  bishop  of  Vermont.  His  con- 
secration took  place  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  Oct.  31,  1832. 
His  consecrators  were  Bishops  White,  Griswold,  and  Bowen. 

On  his  entrance  upon  his  episcopate  he  became  rector  of  St.  Paul's, 
Burlington,  and  at  once  began  the  educational,  literary,  and  mission- 
ary work  that  with  unfailing  vigor  he  never  lost  sight  of  till  death. 
He  was  preeminently  a  leader  of  men,  and  his  active  part  in  the 
controversies  of  the  day  is  shown  by  his  writings,  which  had  great 
weight  at  the  time  of  their  appearances,  and  still  attest  his  wide 
reading  and  anah-tical  powers. 

Bishop  Hopkins  was  a  prominent  figure  at  the  first  Lambeth  Con- 
ference, in  1868.  The  manly  and  independent  course  taken  by 
the  distinguished  American  prelate  with  reference  to  the  "  Colenso 
scandal  "  gained  for  Bishop  Hopkins  the  respect  of  those  who  op- 
posed him,  and  gave  great  satisfaction  to  the  Church  he  represented. 
The  American  Church,  independent  of  state  complications,  had  rec- 
ognized the  validit)-  of  the  deposition  of  the  heretical  bishop  by  the 
metropolitan  of  South  Africa,  the  sainted  Robert  Gray.  This  posi- 
tion the  English  prelates  found  themseh'es  unable  to  take,  and  in  this 
Conference  the  bishop  of  Vermont  was  a  leader  of  those  who  con- 
tended for  the  supremacy  of  the  Church  in  matters  ecclesiastical  over 
any  opposition  arising  from  the  state.  It  was  to  Hopkins,  as  ap- 
peared when  the  proceedings  of  the  first  Lambeth  Conference  first 
saw  the  light  ten  years  later,  that  this  stand  in  defense  of  the  sound 
Chnrchmanship  and  fearless  bra\-er\-  of  Robert  Gray  (/'v  ccclcsia 
Dei)  was  due. 

There  appears  in  the  works  of  this  great  bishop  a  marked 
development  of  Churchly  feeling  and  an  increased  conservatism 
in  Churchly  news,  when  we  compare  the  printed  pamphlets  and 
works  of  his  earlier  years  with  those  of  later  days.  The  trench- 
ant pen  that  was  used  in  support  of  the  tenets  of  the  "  E\angel- 
ical  "  school  in  the  bishop's  youth,  was  found  in  his  maturity  equally 
powerful  on  behalf  of  a  more  pronounced  teaching  and  a  more  un- 
equivocal advocacy  of  Church  teaching.  The  literary  history  of  the 
bishop  is  quite  as  interesting  and  instructive  as  the  story  of  his  life. 
He  was  a  seeker  after  truth,  and  he  was  never  ashamed  to  own  the 
con\ictions  he  had  reached,  even  if  they  were  at  variance  with  those 
he  had  earlier  avowed.  He  took  a  leading  part  in  efforts  to  pre\'ent 
the  rending  of  the  Church  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  as 
well  as  in  bringing  together  the  bishops  of  the  North  and  South  when 
the  strife  was  over.  He  was  made  a  doctor  in  di\inity  by  the  Uni- 
versitv  of  Vermont,  and  received  the  doctorate  of  laws  from  Jubilee 


JOIIX  l!i:XRY  iiorKixs.  61 

College,  Illinois.  On  the  tiecease  of  Bishop  l^rownell  he  succeeded 
t(i  the  primacy  in  the  House  of  Bishops  and  in  the  American  Church. 

A  man  of  varied  accomplishments,  of  extensive  reading,  of  broad 
culture,  of  Catholic  tastes,  logical,  judicial,  and  argumentati\e,  the 
administration  of  the  first  bishop  of  Vermont  left  the  impress  of  his 
powers,  his  genius,  and  his  marvelous  capacity  for  labor  on  the  Church 
in  the  diocese,  and  on  the  Church  at  large  as  well.  The  story  of  his 
life,  "  by  one  of  his  sons,"  published  in  1873,  reads  like  a  romance, 
and  is  a  most  interesting  antl  \'aluable  contribution  to  the  history  of 
the  times. 

Bishop  Hopkins  died  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  Jan.  9,  186S,  beIo\-ed  and 
regretted  by  all  men. 

WiiKKs.  —  I.  "Christianity  Vinilicited  "  (183,5);  2.  "The  Primitive  Creed  Kxaiii- 
incd  anil  Ivxiilaiiied  "  (1834)  ;  3.  "  The  I'rimitive  Chiireli  "  ( 1831;)  ;  4.  "  Essay  on  Ciothic 
Architecture  "  (410,  1836);  5.  "  The  Church  of  Rome  Contrasted,"  etc.  ( 1S37) ;  6.  " 'I'lie 
Novelties  which  Disturb  our  Peace  "  (1844) ;  ".  "  Sixteen  Lectures  on  the  Reformation  " 
(1845)  ;  8.  "  History  of  the  Confessional  "  (1850)  ;  9.  "  The  '  End  of  Controversy  '  Con- 
troverted "  (1854,  2  vols.);  10.  "The  .\merican  Citizen"  (1857);  n.  "A  Scriptural, 
Ecclesiastical,  and  Historical  View  of  Slavery'  (1864);  12.  "  The  Law  of  Ritualism" 
(1866) ;  13.  "  The  History  of  the  Church  in  Verse  "  (1867).  After  his  death  tliere  was 
published  his  "  Candid  Examination  of  the  Question  wliellier  tlic  Pope  of  Rcmie  is  tlie 
Great  Antichrist  of  Scripture"  (1868). 

He  issued  numerous  occasional  sermons,  addresses,  letters,  and  tracts,  m  adilition  to  his 
jirinted  volumes. 


\ 


1^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  BENJAMIN  BOSWORTH  SMITH,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


SScnjaniin  SSoswortb  Smith. 


BOKN  in  Bristol,  R.  I.,  June  13,  1794,  and  L;nKliiatiny  at  Brown 
University,  Providence,  1816,  Smith  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders 
by  Bishop  Griswold  at  St.  Michael's  Church  in  his  nati\-e  town, 
April  2^,  1817,  and  was  adwinced  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Michael's, 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  June  24th  of  the  following  year. 

His  first  pastoral  work  was  rendered  at  Marbleheatl,  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years,  and  at  St.  George's,  Accomack  Conntv,  V^a., 
where  he  remained  in  charge  for  about  the  same  length  of  time.  He 
then  combined  the  cure  of  Zion  Church,  Charlestown,  with  that  of  Trin- 
ity, Shepherdstown,  Va.  Returning  to  New  England,  he  was  rector 
of  St.  Stephen's  Church,  Middlebury.  Yt.,  from  1823  to  1828.  F'rom 
1828  to  1832  he  had  charge  of  Grace  Church  mission,  Philadelphia. 
Removing  to  Kentucky,  he  was,  1832,  in  charge  of  Christ  Church, 
Lexington,  and  was  consecrated  bishop  of  the  diocese  in  St.  Paul's 
Chapel,  Xew  York,  Oct.  31,  1832,  by  l^ishops  White,  Brownell, 
and  H.  U.  Onderdonk.  In  1837  he  ga\"e  up  his  rectnrate  of  Christ 
Church,  Lexington,  and  devoted  himself  wholly  to  the  work  of  the 
episcopate.  In  1868,  on  the  death  of  Bishop  Hopkins,  he  became 
presiding  bishop.  During  his  term  of  office  as  presiding  bishop 
fifty-two  bishops  were  consecrated,  of  which  number  fifty  were  liv- 
ing at  the  time  of  his  decease.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Geneva  College  1832,  and  was  made  an  LL.D.  by  Griswold 
College,  Davenport,  la.,  1870,  and  b}-  his  alma  mater,  Brown  Uui- 
\ersit_\-,  1872.  He  was  for  a  lime  State  supcrii  tcndent  of  educa- 
tion in  Kentucky. 

Smith  died  in  New  York,  May  31,  1884,  after  a  long,  useful,  and 
honored  episcopate. 

Works. — i.  "  Five  Cliari;es  to  tlie  Clergy  of  Kentucky  "  :  2.  "  The  P(.sitiiin  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  .States  "  (a  sermon  before  the  General  Conven- 
tion, 1850) ;  3.  "  .Saturday  Evening;  or.  Thoughts  on  the  Progress  of  the  Plan  of  Salva- 
tion "  (1876);  4.  "  Apostolic  Succession:  Facts  which  Prove  that  a  Ministry  Appointed 
by  Christ  Himself  Involves  this  Position"  (1S77).  Bishop  Smith  was  editor  of  the 
"  Episcopal  Register  "  of  Vermont,  1S23-2.S  ;  of  the  "  Episcopal  Recorder,"  Philadelphia, 
1828-52. 


^'^^  <s. 


1^;%'  ' 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHARLES  PETTIT  MclLVAlNE,  D.D.,  D.C.L.,   LL.D. 


Charles  pcttit  nDcHlvainc. 


Tn?:  successor  of  the  pioneer  Chase  was  born  in  Burhngton,  N.  J., 
Jan.  1 8,  1/99.  '""1  ^^''is  graduated  at  Princeton,  i8i6. 

He  studied  at  the  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  and  was 
ordered  deacon  in  St.  Peter's,  Philadelphia,  June  28,  1820.  Me 
was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Kemp  in  St.  Paul's, 
Baltimore,  March  20,  1821,  anil  entered  upon  his  ministry  at  Christ 
Church,  Georgetown,  1).  C.  He  became  professor  of  ethics  and 
chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy.  West  Point,  1825,  where  he 
remained  two  years.  In  1830  lie  became  rector  ot  St.  Ann's  Church, 
Brooklyn,  and,  183  I,  professor  of  the  c\'idences  (jf  re\ealed  religion 
and  sacred  antiquities  in  the  University  of  the  Cit_\-  of  New  \'ork. 

On  the  resignation  of  Chase,  Mcllvaine  was  chosen  bishop  of 
Ohio,  and  was  consecratetl  in  .St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  Oct.  31, 
1832,  by  Bishops  White,  Griswold,  and  Meade.  He  recei\ed  his  doc- 
torate in  divinity  from  Princeton  and  Brown,  1832,  and  an  LL.L). 
from  Brown,  1867.  Oxford  conferred  upon  him  a  D.C.L,.,  1853, 
and  Cambridge  an  LL.D.,  iS^.S.  He  held  the  presidency  of  Ken- 
yon  College,  1832-40,  and  w;is  the  liead  of  the  tlieological  seminar)- 
of  the  iliocese.  He  was  a  member  of  the  L'.  S.  Sanitar_\-  Commis- 
sion during  the  Ci\'il  War,  and  \isited  iMigland  on  a  mission  for 
the  government. 

Mcllvaine  was  a  prein<nuiced  "  lAangelical,"  antl  was  for  years 
a  leader  of  that  ])art_\-.  His  most  earnest  efforts,  liowexer,  were 
directed,  at  the  time  of  tjie  deposition  of  Cheney,  t<iward  discoun- 
tenancing the  steps  which  led  to  the  formation  of  the  "Cummins 
Schism,"    1873-74. 

Mcllvaine  died  at  Florence,  Ital\-,  Mareli  13,  1.S73.  His  bo<ly 
rested  in  state  in  Westminster  Abbey  on  ils  way  to  Anieiie.i  for 
burial.  Eloquent  and  accomplished,  a  read\-  writer,  a  ^l^illed  po- 
lemic, with  great  personal  magnetism  and  intiuence,  he  will  e\-cr  be 
held  in  memory  as  a  godly  and  ilevotetl  bishop. 

W.iKKs.  — I.  •■  The  Evidences  of  (  In  i,iiaiiity  in  tlieir  I'.xUrnal  DiviMon  •'  (1.S52;  re 
|iulilislieil  in  iiumeruus  editions) ;  2.  "  ( ).\furd  1  livinity  (/oiiipared  w  itli  tluit  of  tlie  koniaii 
,iiid  .\nglican  Cluirelies  "  (1841);  ^.  " 'I'lie  Sinner's' Justilication  l.cforc  Cod"  (iS:;n; 
4.  "Tlie  Holy  Catholic  Church "  \  1844)  ;  5.  "No  Priest,  n..  .\ltar.  no  S.iu  ilice' l.iit 
Christ"  (1846);  6.  "  Valedictory  Offering  "  (five  sermons,  1S5:;):  7.  '■  .\  Word  in  Sea- 
son  to  Candidates  for  Confirmation";  8.  "The  Doctrine  of  the  I'rotestant  ICpiscopt^l 
Churcli  as  to  Confirmation  "  ;  9.  "  The  Chief  Danger  of  the  Church  "  (many  eilitions  of 
the  last  tlirec  tracts);  10.  "The  Truth  anil  the  Life"  (twenly-two  discourses,  1855); 
II.  "  .Select  I'amily  and  I'arish  Sermons  "  (2  V(ils..  Svo.  1839;  a  compilation  of  pojndar 
I'jiglish  "  Evangelical  "  discourses)  ;    12.    Numerous  addresses,  etc. 

65 


»-, 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  DOANE,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


(3covt3C  Mashinoton  IDoattc. 


The  second  bishop  of  New  Jerse_\-  was  born  at  Trenton,  X.  J.. 
May  27,  1799. 

He  was  gratluated  at  l^nion,  1S18  ;  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate 
by  Hobart,  in  Clirist  Clnirch,  New  York,  April  19,  1S2  i,  and  priested 
b\-  the  same  prelate  in  Trinity,  New  York,  Au^.  6,  1S2V  After 
two  years'  ser\'ice  at  Trinit_\-  he  became  professor  of  rhetoric  and 
belles-lettres  in  Washington  (now  Trinity)  College.  He  became  as- 
sistant minister  at  Trinity,  Boston,  1828,  of  which  he  soon  became 
the  rector. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  New  Jerse\-,  (  )ct.  31,  1832,  by 
Bishops  White,  B.  T.  Onderdonk,  and  Ives.  He  then  became  rector 
of  St.  jMar_\-'s  Church,  Burlington,  holding  that  cure  until  his  death. 
Cohimbia  and  Trinit\-  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.,  1831, 
and  in  1841  St.  John's  College,  Maryland,  gave  him  the  LL.U.  He 
died  at  l-Surlington,  April  27,  1859,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Mary's 
churchyard. 

Doane  was  the  founder  of  St.  Mary's  Hall,  1837,  and  Burlington 
College,  1846.  He  may  be  regarded  as  the  father  of  Church  schools 
in  America.  He  was  a  lifelong  friend  of  the  cause  of  missions,  and 
a  leading  spirit  in  the  development  of  our  first  missionary  enthusi- 
asm. To  him  is  due  the  recognition  of  the  principle  that  the  Church 
itself  is  the  true  missionary  organization,  and  that  every  member  is, 
b)'  \irtue  of  holy  baptism,  a  pledged  sujjporter  of  missions. 

In  developing  plans  for  his  schools  Doane  fmuid  himself  finan- 
cially embarrassed.  This  was  made  the  occasiim  for  a  petty  trial 
fomented  by  disaffected  laymen.  iJoane,  announcing  his  intention 
to  "  make  the  trial  of  a  bishop  hard,"  triumphed  o\er  his  opponents. 

He  had  a  commanding  presence ;  possessed  great  intellectual 
powers,  together  with  a  capacity  for  almost  infinite  work;  attracted 
all  classes:  was  a  polished  writer,  a  graceful  poet,  an  impassioned 
speaker. 

Works. — "The  Life  and  Writings  of  Bisliop  Doane"  (4  vols.,  New  York,  i860), 
edited  by  his  son,  contains  many  of  liis  numerous  prose  and  poetical  works.  To  record 
his  publications  seriatim  would  require  nearly  a  huntlred  titles.  His  charges,  pastorals, 
etc.,  still  command  attention.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  \\'as  published  in  England, 
where  he  preached  at  the  consecration  of  St.  Saviour's,  Leeds,  the  first  time  an  American 
bishop  had  been  heard  from  an  English  pulpit. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JAMES  HERVEY  OTEV,  S.T.D. 


3ainc8  1bciv>c\>  ®tc^. 


The  first  bishop  of  Tennessee  was  a  Virginian,  having;-  been  born 
in  Liberty,  Bedford  County,  Jan.  27,  i(Soo. 

He  was  graduated  at  tlie  Uni\ersit_\'  o(  North  Cai-nlina,  at  Chapel 
Hill,  1820,  and  became  a  tutor  in  this  institution  tiic  academic  year 
foIl(nving.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  St.  John's  Cluirch, 
WiUiamsboro',  N.  C,  Oct.  16,  1825,  by  Bishop  Ravenscroft,  who  ad- 
vanced him  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Mattlievv's  Church,  Hilisboro', 
June  17,  1827. 

Removing  to  Tennessee,  and  making  his  home  at  I'"rankhn  in  that 
State,  he  opened  a  classical  school  for  his  support,  while  minister- 
ing at  Franklin,  Columbus,  and  Nashville. 

Columbia  College  conferred  on  the  young  divine  his  doctorate 
in  divinity,  1833;  and  the  following  year,  Jan.  14th,  he  was  con- 
secrated bishop  of  Tennessee  in  Christ  Church,  Philadcli)hi,i,by  ]>ish- 
ops  White,  the  two  Onderdonks,  and  Doane. 

Besides  the  duties  devolving  upon  liim  in  his  own  see,  Otey  acted 
for  several  years  as  provisional  bishop  df  Mississippi  and  Florida, 
and  as  missionary  bishop  of  Arkansas,  the  Indian  Territory,  and 
Louisiana.  He  founded  a  diocesan  school  of  the  higher  education 
for  girls  at  Columbia,  Tenn.,  which,  with  the  usual  vicissitudes  at- 
tending such  \entures  of  faith,  has  proved  of  great  advantage  to  the 
Church  in  the  South.  The  bishop  was  one  of  the  original  projec- 
tors of  the  University  of  the  South  at  Sewanee,  Tenn. 

Otey  died,  April  23,  1863,  during  the  troubles  and  desolations  of 
the  Ci\il  War.  On  his  monument  he  had  directed  these  words  to 
be  inscribed : 

Fn<sT  Bisuiii'  (IF   iiiK  IIi>LY  Caiiioi.ic  Church 
IX  Tknxkssek. 

"The  I1I00.I  i.f  Jesus  Christ  deanseth   us  from  .ill  sin." 

WoRK.s. — Otey  was  a  man  of  strong  intellectual  powers,  a  forcible  and  argumentative 
preacher,  a  theologian,  a  scholar,  and  a  man  of  affairs.  Under  circumstances  requiring 
less  of  wearying  episcopal  labor  and  travel  he  would  have  been  an  acceptable  contributor 
to  the  theological  literature  of  the  day,  as  well  as  to  that  of  culture  and  social  science. 
He  has  left  in  print,  besides  his  charges,  episcopal  addresses,  pastorals,  etc.,  but  a  single 
work:  "Doctrine,  Discipline,  and  Worship  of  the  American  Branch  of  the  Catholic 
Church,  E.Nplained  and  Unfolded  in  Three  Sermons  "  (1852). 


69 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JACKSON  KEMPER,  D.D. 


Jachson  1l\cntpci\ 


The  first  missionary  bishup  of  the  American  Church  was  born  in 
Pleasant  VaUey,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  24,  1789. 

Graduated  at  Columbia,  1809,  Kemper  studied  theology  under 
Hobart ;  was  made  deacon  and  priested  in  Christ  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, by  White,  March  10,  181  i,  and  Jan.  2},,  1814,  respectively. 
P~or  twenty  years  he  was  assistant  minister  of  the  united  parishes  of 
Christ  Church,  St.  Peter's,  and  St.  James's,  Philadelphia,  adding  to 
this  work  the  duties  of  diocesan  secretary,  181 1  — 18,  and  giving 
special  attention  to  outlying  mission  stations.  In  1819-20  he  was 
engaged  in  securing  funds  for  the  General  Theological  Seminary. 
Columbia  gave  him  the  di\'init_\'  doctorate,  1829. 

He  became  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Norwalk,  Conn..  1831. 
He  was  consecrated,  Sept.  25,  1835,  missionar}'  bishop  for  Missouri 
anil  Indiana,  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  Philadelphia,  by  Bishops  White, 
Moore,  Chase,  the  two  Onderdonks,  Smith,  and  Doanc, — the  last 
consecration  in  which  the  venerable  White  took  part. 

The  annals  of  Kemper's  missionary  apostolate  are  of  the  deepest 
interest.  In  addition  to  his  own  extensive  see,  his  care  of  the 
churches  was  extended  over  the  territory  now  embraced  by  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  and  Kansas,  into  which  immigrants 
were  pouring.  His  visitation.^  were  undertaken  under  circumstances 
of  the  greatest  difficulty.  Traversing  vast  reaches  of  country  just 
opened  for  settlement ;  with  only  the  most  primitive  facilities  for 
journeying;  making  his  temporary  home  in  the  rough  cabin  or  the 
miserable  tavern — Kemper  gave  full  proof  of  his  apostolic  ministry, 
and  in  his  care  for  the  churches  never  cared  for  himself.  He  made 
extensive  visitations  in  Arkansas,  Mississippi,  Lnuisiana,  Alabama, 
Georgia,  and  Florida,  1837-38.  The  experiences  of  this  tour  were 
apostolic. 

The  see  of  Maryland  was  offered  Kemper,  1838,  and  declined. 
He  was  chosen  diocesan  of  Wisconsin,  1847,  but  this  was  also  de- 
clined. Twelve  years  later  he  was  again  offered  Wisconsin,  and  in 
view  of  increasing  years  and  infirmities  he  accepted  the  see. 

He  died  at  Delafield,  Wis.,  May  24,  1870. 

WoKKS.  — His  life  is  yet  tn  lie  written.  It  will  lie  the  history  of  the  fminaing  of  the 
Church  in  the  niiiMle  West.  His  reports  in  "  The  Spirit  of  Missions  "  anA  "  The  Proceed- 
ings of  the  BoMrd  of  .Missions  "  are  of  the  deepest  interest.     He  left  a  few  p.unphlets,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL  ALLEN   McCOSKRY,  S.T.D.,   LI..D. 


Samuel  Ellen  ni^eCo8hv\?, 


BisilOi'  Chase,  on  his  resignation  of  Ohio  (1851),  had  removed 
to  Michigan,  and  made  purchases  ot  lands  for  C'hurcli  purposes, 
when  he  was  called  (1835)  to  Illinois.  I'hc  impetus  given  to  the 
development  of  the  Church  in  Michigan  during  this  period  resulted 
in  the  organization  of  a  diocese. 

McCoskry  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Pa.,  No\-.  9,  1804.  He  entered 
the  U.  S.  Military  Acadenn-,  1820,  where  he  remained  for  two 
years.  He  then  entered  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  and  was  gradu- 
ated 1825.  Stuciying  law,  he  was  a  successlul  practitioner  for  six 
years,  holding  for  a  time  the  deputy  attorney  generalship  fur  Cum- 
berland County.  He  began  his  preparation  for  orders,  1831  ;  was 
ordered  deacon,  in  Christ  Church,  Reading,  March  28th,  and  priested 
in  the  same  church,  Dec.  13,  1833,  by  H.  U.  Onderdonk.  After  a 
brief  term  of  service  at  Reatling  he  became  rector  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Philadelphia. 

He  was  consecrated,  July  7,  1836,  bishop  of  Michigan,  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Philadelphia,' by  l^ishdijs  M.  U.  Onderdonk,  Doane, 
and  Kemper.  On  entering  upon  his  see,  McCoskrj'  accepted  the 
rectorship  of  St.  Paul's,  Detroit,  wliich  he  retained  for  twenty-seven 
years.  Columbia  College  and  the  University  of  Pennsyl\-ania  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity,  1837.  On  his  visit  to 
England  at  the  jubilee  of  the  Venerable  Society  for  the  Propagatrcin 
of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  he  recei\ed  from  Oxford  the  degree 
of  D.C.L. 

His  administration  was  marked  b}'  great  growth  and  de\'elop- 
ment.  After  nearly  forty-two  years  of  serxice  he  tendered  his 
resignation,  March,  1878,  "owing  to  failing  health  and  infirmities 
of  age,  which  hinder  the  etilicient  atlministration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
diocese."  He  was  then  in  his  seventy-fifth  year.  Charges  having 
been  made  against  his  character,  he  withdrew  his  resignation,  de- 
manding an  investigation.  With  the  vacillation  of  age,  and  weak- 
ened mentally  and  physically,  he  renewed  his  resignation,  but  before 
the  House  of  Bishops  could  investigate,  sailed  for  Euroj^e. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  House  in  New  York,  Sept.  3,  187S,  he  was 
deposed.  It  is  but  just  to  say  that  at  this  meeting  a  quorum  was 
obtained  with  great  difificult}-.  and  that  many  are  not  satisfied  with 
the  decision  there  reached.      He  died  in  New  York,  August,  1886. 

\VoKKs. — McCckry  left  nothing  but  his  dflicial  adilresses,  etc. 
7,? 


RIGHT  REVEREND  LEONIDAS  POLK,  D.D. 


ILcotiibas  poih. 


Born  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  April  lo,  iSo6,  Leonidas  Polk  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  1827.  It  was  dur- 
ing his  connection  with  the  academy  that  he  received  holy  baptism 
at  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Pcttit  Mclhaine,  and  shurtl)-  after 
his  graduation  he  was  confirmed  in  Christ  Church,  Raleigh,  by 
Ravenscroft. 

Resigning  his  commission  in  the  army  with  a  \ie\\  to  entering 
the  ministry,  he  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  the  Monumental 
Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  by  Bishop  Channing  Moore,  April  1 1,  1830, 
and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  the  same  prelate  in  Christ 
Church,  Norfolk,  Va.,  May  22,  1833. 

His  service  as  assistant  to  the  bishop  at  the  Monumental  Church 
was  terminated  by  loss  of  health,  which  made  a  \isit  to  luirojje 
necessary,  and  on  his  return  he  removed  to  Tennessee,  w  here  he 
became  rector  of  St.  Peter's,  Columbia.  In  1835  he  was  a  depute- 
to  the  General  Convention.  In  1838  Columbia  College  conlerred 
upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity. 

Chosen  by  the  General  Convention  to  the  missionary  episcfipate, 
he  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Arkansas  and  the  Indian  Territory 
south  of  TfC^  30'  of  latitude,  with  provisional  charge  of  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  and  the  republic  of  Texas,  in  Christ  Church,  Cincinnati, 
Dec.  9,  1838.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Meade,  Smith,  Mcll- 
\'aine,  and  Ote\'.  In  1S41  he  was  elected  first  bishop  of  Louisiana, 
and  resigned  his  missionary  episcopate. 

Polk  was  a  judicious  administrator,  a  scholarly  theologian,  an  elo- 
quent preacher,  and  an  influential  member  of  the  Upper  House.  His 
views  were  those  of  the  "  Evangelical"  school;  and  his  broad  cul- 
ture and  sympathetic  interest  in  the  young  led  him  to  take  an  ac- 
tive part  in  tlie  first  foundation  of  the  Universit}-  of  the  South,  at 
Sewanee,  Tenn. 

Intense  in  his  Southern  sympathies,  and  .still  retaining  his  interest 
in  military  matters,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  threw 
himself  heartily  into  the  secession  movement,  and  was  commissioned 
a  major-general  of  the  Confederate  forces.  While  on  duty  in  the 
vicinity  of  Marietta,  Ga.,  he  was  mortally  wounded,  and  died  in  the 
faith  and  peace  of  God,  June  14,  1864. 

Works. — Other  than  his  official  addresses,  etc.,  PolI<  left  nothing  in  print. 
75 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   HEATHCOTE  DE  LANCEY,  S.T.D..   LL.D.,  D.C.L. 


Milliain  IT^catbcotc  ^c  Xancc^. 


The  descendant  of  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  devout  Church- 
men of  the  colonial  Church,  the  first  bishop  of  Western  New  York 
was  born  on  the  family  estates  in  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  8,  1797, 
and  was  graduated  at  Yale  College,  181  7. 

He  studied  under  Hobart,  and  was  ordained  by  him  to  the  diac- 
onate  in  St.  John's  Chapel,  New  York,  Dec.  28,  1819,  and  to  the 
priesthood  in  Trinity  Church,  March  6,  1822.  He  tlrcn  became  an 
assistant  minister  of  the  united  parishes  in  Philadelphia,  under  the 
charge  of  White,  and  was  afterward  appointed  for  duty  at  St.  Peter's 
Church.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Pennsylvania  Convention,  1823-30, 
and  of  the  House  of  Bishops,  1823-29.  In  1828  he  was  chosen  pro- 
vost of  the  University  of  Pennsjdvania,  which  position  he  retained 
fur  five  years.  In  1833  he  resumed  his  duties  as  assistant  minister 
at  St.  Peter's;  and  on  the  death  of  White  he  was  chosen  to  the  rec- 
torship of  the  parish,  wliicli  now  for  the  first  time  became  indepen- 
tlent  of  Christ  Cluirch. 

On  the  division  of  the  diocese  of  New  York  by  the  creation  of  the 
western  portion  of  the  State  as  an  independent  see,  De  Lancey  was 
chosen  the  first  Bishop  of  Western  New  York.  The  consecration 
took  place  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  Auburn,  Ma}-  9,  1839.  The  con- 
secrators  were  Bisliops  Griswold,  the  two  Onderdonks,  and  Doane. 

De  Lancey  established  his  home  at  Geneva,  making  Trinity  Church 
in  that  town  his  pro-cathedral,  and  giving  special  attention  to  the 
development  of  Geneva,  afterward  known  as  Hobart,  College. 

Yale  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity,  1828;  Union 
gave  him  the  degree  of  LLT).,  1S47;  anci  O.xford  made  him  a 
b.C.L.,  1852. 

After  a  judicious  and  successful  administration,  with  the  ex'idence 
of  growth  on  e\ery  side,  and  possessing  the  love,  tlie  confidence, 
and  the  profound  respect  of  his  diocese  and  the  Church  at  home 
and  abroad,  De  Lancey  "  fell  asleep"  at  iiis  home  in  Geneva,  April 
5.  1865. 

Works.  —  i.  Several  tracts  (one  on  tlie  "  Duties  of  Clnirclnvardens  and  ^'cstrynlen  ")  ; 
2.  "An  Historical  Sermon  on  the  Centennial  of  St.  Peter's,  Philadelpliia " ;  3.  The 
"  Annual  Addresses  "  to  his  diocese  (one  of  which  gives  in  detail  the  account  of  his  visit 
to  Knnjnnd  at  the  time  of  the  jubilee  of  the  Venerable  Society  )  ;  4.  Charges  and  pastorals. 


77 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHRISTOPHER   EDWARDS  GADSDEN,  D.D. 


Cbnstopbcv  Ebwarbs  Gabsbcn. 


The  successor  of  Robert  Smith,  Theodore  Dehon,  and  Nathaniel 
Bowen  in  the  episcopate  of  South  Carolina  was  born  in  Cliarleston, 
Nov.  25,   1785,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  the  class  of  1804. 

Ordered  deacon  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  July  25,  1807, 
by  Bishop  Benjamin  Moore,  and  priested  in  Bruton  Church,  Wil- 
liamsburgh,  Va.,  by  Bishop  Madison,  April  14,  1810,  Gadsden  served 
for  two  years  at  St.  John's,  Berkeley,  S.  C,  and  then  remo\ing  to 
his  native  cit\-,  he  was  first  assistant  minister,  and,  18 14,  rector  of 
St.  Philip's  Church.  In  this  cure  of  souls  he  remained  until  his  con- 
secration to  the  episcopal  office.  In  1815  he  received  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  South  Carolina  College. 

Gadsden's  consecration  took  place  in  Trinity  Church,  Boston, 
June  21,  1840.  The  consecrators  were  Bishops  Griswold,  Doane, 
and  McCoskry.  After  an  administration  marked  by  growth  and 
spiritual  development,  and  made  noteworthy  by  his  untiring  labors 
and  marked  successes,  he  entered  into  rest  at  Charleston,  June  24, 
1852,  and  his  remains  were  interred  in  the  chancel  of  St.  Philip's 
Church.  "  He,  being  dead,"  by  the  holiness  of  his  life  and  conver- 
sation "  yet  speaketh." 

Works.  —  i.  "  Sfrnion  nn  the  I'eath  of  Ili'^liop  Delion,  anri  an  Essay  on  his  Life" 
(1S33) ;  2.  "  The  lVayer-booI<  as  it  Is  "  ;  j.  Three  charges  to  the  clergy. 


RIGHT  RE\"EREND  WILLIAM   ROLLINSON  WHITTINGHA.W,  S.T.D.,   I.L.D. 


Photographed  by  \V.  C.  Habcock,  from  paintini;  hy  Mrs.  Rolliiisoii  Colburn. 
Copyrishl  by  Mrs.  R.  Colburn. 


Milliain  IRolUiison  Mhittinobani. 


B(.)KX  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Dec.  2,  1805,  educated  privately, 
and  chiefly  by  his  mother,  a  woman  of  the  highest  culture,  W'hitting- 
ham  was  graduated  with  distinguished  honors  at  the  General  Theo- 
logical Seminary ;  was  made  deacon  by  Hobart  in  Trinity  Church, 
March  11,  1827;  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  Croes,  in  St. 
Mark's  Church,  Orange,  N.  J.,  Dec.  17,  1829;  and  was  instituted  to 
the  rectorship  of  that  church  by  the  same  prelate  on  the  following 
da\-. 

He  became  rector  of  St.  Luke's,  New  York,  1  S3  i ,  and  in  1836  was 
made  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  which  position  he  retained  until  his  consecration.  In 
1837  Columbia  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinit)'.  In 
1859  St.  John's,  Annapolis,  gave  him  the  doctorate  of  laws. 

His  consecration  to  the  episcopate  of  Maryland  took  place  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Baltimore,  Sept.  17,  1S40.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Griswold,  Channing  Moore,  B.  T.  Onderdonk,  and  Doane. 

Whittingham  was  a  scholar  of  rare  attainments,  a  sound  theologian, 
an  impassioned  speaker,  a  clear  debater,  and  a  most  de\oted  bishop. 
Outspoken,  fearless  in  his  defense  of  the  right,  scrupulously  con- 
scientious, and  self-denying,  he  will  ever  be  remembered  among  the 
foremost  bishops  of  the  American  Church.  His  vast  collection  of 
books,  the  largest  private  library  in  the  country  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  it  is  believed,  he  bequeathed  to  the  diocese,  and  with  his 
usual  modesty  gave  to  it  the  name  of  the  friend  through  whose  lib- 
erality the  building  which  contained  't  was  erected.  He  died  at 
Orange,  X.  J.,  Oct.  17,  1879. 

Works. — AVliile  in  New  Vnrk  \Vliittingliam  was  the  editor  of  several  Church  serials, 
and  of  a  "  Parish  Library  of  Standard  Works,"  in  13  volumes,  annotated  and  prefaced 
with  great  care.  He  published  a  reprint  of  "  Palmer's  Church  History  "  (i2nio,  1862), 
which  has  been  several  times  reissued.  With  the  Rev.  J-  F.  Schroeder,  D.D.,  and  other 
associates,  he  edited  a  series  of  "  Essays  and  Dissertations  on  Biblical  Literature"  (Svo, 
1829).  In  connection  with  the  Rev.  Prof.  S.  H.  Turner.  L). D..  he  edited  Jahn's  "  In- 
troduction to  the  Old  Testament. "  His  charges  and  addresses,  together  with  his  occasional 
sermons,  pastorals,  essays,  etc..  were  numerous  and  of  great  value. 


RIGHT  REVERKND  STEPHEN   ELLIOTT,  D.D. 


Stcpbcn  Elliott 


l?i)K\  .It  liraiilnrt,  S^  C,  Alli;'.  31,  iSofi,  I'.lliolt  acrivcil  his  col^ 
Iri^iatr  traiiiiii;^  lor  1  w  1  >  years  at  llaixanl,  and  In  the  rciiiaiiicli-r  nf 
liis  toiirsf  at  Sou  ill  La  1 1)1  ilia  Colk'L;i',  w  lion'  lir  \va^  ;^railiialc(l,  1  <SJ5. 

Ailniiltiil  ti>  the-  liar,  he  cnniiniRcl  in  the  praclicc  nl  law  Inr  fiw 
yfai>,  and  lluii  aliaiidnnid  the  lei;al  jiii 'Ifssioii  lur  the  stud)-  (if 
thcol(ig_\'. 

lie  was  adiuittcd  t(i  deacim's  iinlcrs  hy  Hisliii]i  liciw  en,  in  St.  Paul's 
(/hiiieli,  Charlesldii,  Nm-.  (S,  1835,  and  was  acKaiued  tn  tlu-  piiest- 
liimd  liy  the  same  jirelate,  June  22,   iS^S. 

Alter  a  brief  serx'ice  dnriiiL;'  his  diacunate  at  Christ  Cliiirc  h,  W'il- 
tiiii,  S,  C,  he  w  as  eleeled  pn  ilessor  (if  saereil  lilei.itnic  and  the  (  \  i- 
deiiees  (if  C  hri^tianitx  in  .Smith  Cai'dlina  tdllene,  lie  rel.iined  this 
|M.st  until  ealled  tn  the  episei  ip.ite.  He  reicixcd  the  di  k  ti  ir.ite  in 
(li\inity  in  1 1S41J  Irmn  Cnhmiliia  t'(i|leL;e,  New  ^cllk■,  and  'l'rinil\-, 
llanford. 

ICUidtt  w.as  C(iiiseci;iled  to  the  episedji.ite  of  riediL^i.a  in  Christ 
Chiireh,  Sawmn.ih,  l'"eli.  jS,  1  S4  1 .  Mis  Cdiiseeiatdis  were  liislmps 
I\Ie;ule,   hes,  .and  C.idsden. 

( )n  estalilishiiiL;  his  hinne  in  his  new  see,  he  became  rector  of 
St.lnhn's  Church,  S.i\  .inii.ih.  lie  w.is  a|ipdiiit(  il,  1.S45,  prd\isioiiai 
bishd])  df  Mdrid.i.  At  the  s.iiiie  time  he  est.ibhshed  at  Mdiltjielier 
a  (licices.in  silidi.j  lor  i^irls.  Alter  se\cn  \ ciis  nl  elldit  this  xcnture 
of  faith  pidxed  niisnc<  essliil  .■mcl  iiudbcd  the  luss  ol  the  bishdp's 
entire  fditiine.  Returning;  td  S.i\  .uni.ili,  he  became  rector  df  Christ 
Chinch,  wliich  pd^itidii  he  rel.hned  till  de.ith. 

Hishcip  I'.llidtt  entered  he.irtily  into  the  secession  m(i\-ement,  ;ind 
thrdtiL;hdut  the  Ci\il  \\';ir  w.'is  ;i  ]irdiniiK-nt  .uid  inlluenti.il  leader  in 
the  elfdrts  for  the  establishment  (if  th.e  Church  in  the  Cdiifeder.ite 
St.ites.  lie  died  in  Savannah,  Dec.  Ji,  iSdd,  lield\cd  and  re\ere(l 
of  all  men. 

\V,,i;|..,._l;,sl,lcs  liis  oll'icial  ])iil)lidi(icuis,  ;i(lilrcsscs,  |.:iM(irals,  diari;c's,  etc.,  a  volume 
c.f  '■  SiTiiinn',  "  WM',  |.ulilislu-.l  in  New  Vork  after  tlie  l.islioi.'s  .leceasj.  w  illi  a  pretalnrv 
skeleli  of  liis  life. 


83 


RIC.HT  REVEREND  ALFRED  LEE.  S.T.D.,  LL.D. 


Hlfrcb  Xee. 


Alfred  Lee  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Sept.  q,  1807. 

He  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  1827.  On  taking  his  degree  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Turning  his  attention  to- 
ward the  sacred  ministry,  he  entered  tiie  General  Theological  Semin- 
ary, where  he  was  graduated,  1837.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaco- 
nate  in  Trinit\-  Church,  Norwich,  Conn.,  i\Iay  21,  1837,  by  Bishop 
]5rownell,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Christ  Church, 
Hartford,  June  12,  1838.  A  few  months  of  his  early  ministry  were 
spent  at  St.  James's,  Poquetanuck,  Conn.  In  September,  1838,  he 
became  rector  of  Calvary  Church,  Rockdale,  Pa.,  where  he  remained 
until  he  was  raised  to  the  episcopate.  In  1841  Trinity  and  Hobart 
gave  him  the  divinity  doctorate.  He  recei\ed  the  same  degree  from 
Harvard  in  i860,  and  in  1877  Delaware  College,  Newark,  Del.,  gave 
him  the  doctorate  of  laws. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Delaware  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New 
York,  Oct.  12,  1841,  by  Bishops  Griswold,  Mciore,  Chase,  Brownell, 
H.  U.  Onderdonk,  Meade,  and  Mclhaine.  He  became  rector  of 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Wilmington.  On  the  death  of  Smith  (1884) 
he  became  presiding  bishop.  He  died  at  Wilmington,  April  1 2,  1887, 
and  his  remains  rest  in  the  "  Old  Sweties'  "  churclnard. 

Lee  was  a  scholar  of  w-ide  erudition,  well  read  in  the  theology  of 
the  Calvinistic  and  Puritan  schools ;  a  graceful  writer,  an  earnest 
and  effective  preacher,  and  a  mild,  though  firm  and  fearless,  admin- 
istrator. His  views  were  "  Evangelical."  He  was  deeply  interested 
in  the  Church's  missions  abroad,  in  the  work  of  Christian  education, 
and  in  all  the  leading  charities  and  organizations  of  the  "  Evangelical " 
part}-.  He  was  specially  prominent  in  the  conduct  and  de\elop- 
ment  of  the  Mexican  mission,  and  \isited  Mexico  in  its  behalf,  par- 
ticipating in  the  work  of  the  Mexican  Commission,  which  resulted 
in  the  consecration  of  Dr.  H.  C.  Riley  as  bishop  of  the  Valley  of 
Mexico.  Of  great  personal  holiness,  courteous,  cultured,  and  re- 
fined, he  lived  the  life  of  a  true-hearted  bishop. 

Works. — i.  "  Life  of  St.  Peter  "  :  2.  "  Life  of  .St.  John  " :  3.  "  Voice  in  the  Wilder- 
ness "  ;  4.  Five  episcopal  charges;  5.  "A  Life  Hit!  in  Christ  with  Gorl,"  memoir  of 
Susan  Allibone,  chiefly  from  her  diary  and  letters  (8vo,  1855)  ;  6.  Ordination  sermon 
<in  I  Timothy  iv.  16:  7.  Si.K  sermons,  viz.:  "The  Unsearchable  Riches  of  Christ"; 
"  The  Uncertainty  of  the  Morrow  "  ;  "  The  Society  of  Divine  Origin  "  ;  "  The  Lamb  the 
Light  of  the  Church  "  ;  "  The  Voice  of  the  Spirit  to  His  Church  "  ;  Sermon  before  the 
Oeneral  Convention  of  186S;  8.  "  Cooperative  Revision  of  the  New  Testament  "  (iSSi) ; 
9.  "  Eventful  Nights  in  Bible  History"  (1886);  10.  Occasional  addresses,  etc. 

85 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN  JOHNS,  D.D.,  l.L.D. 


John  3obn8. 


JiJlix  Joiixs,  fourth  bisliDp  lA  X'irginia,  was  born  in  New  Castle, 
Del.,  July  lo,  1  790. 

He  was  graduated  at  Princeton,  1815,  admitted  to  the  diaconate 
by  White,  in  St.  James's  Church,  Philadelphia,  May  6,  i8ig,  and 
advanced  to  the  jM'iesthood  by  Kemp,  in  All  Saints'  Church,  Fred- 
ericktown,  Md.,  July  26,  1S20.  Johns  remained  at  Fredericktown 
for  eight  years.  Removing  at  the  end  of  this  period  to  Baltimore, 
he  became  rector  of  Christ  Church  in  that  city,  retaining  this  cure 
of  souls  until  his  consecration.  In  1834  he  received  the  doctorate 
in  divinity  from  Princeton  and  from  the  University  of  New  York ; 
and  in  1855  William  and  Mary  College  conferred  on  him  the  doc- 
torate of  laws. 

Johns  was  consecrated  assistant  bishop  uf  \'irginia,  in  the  Monu- 
mental Church,  Richmond,  Oct.  13,  1842.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Griswold,  Meade,  Ives,  and  Whittingham.  In  1844  Bishop 
Johns  accepted  the  presidenc\-  of  William  and  Mary  College,  which 
he  retained  for  five  years.  He  was  also  at  the  head  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  Virginia  for  a  number  of  years.  On  the  death 
of  Meade  (1862)  he  became  bishop  of  \'irginia.  He  died  April  5, 
1876. 

Johns  was  eloquent,  earnest,  and  devout.  In  fullest  sympathy, 
(ioctrinally  and  personally,  with  the  leaders  of  the  "  Exangelical  " 
school  of  thought,  his  personal  magnetism  impressed  the  views  he 
hekl  upon  several  successi\-e  generations  of  the  young  Southern 
clergy,  and  his  influence  is  still  felt.  He  was  a  man  of  God,  true- 
hearted,  lo\-able,  and  holy  in  life;  beloved  and  venerated  in  death. 

Wmkks.— r.c'iules  •■  .\  Memoir  of  Ilisliop  Mea.le"  ( 121110,  llaltimorc,  1S67),  which  is 
iiiinutf,  iiitfrestini;,  aivl  a  most  \ahialilf  contriliuti.m  to  \'iiL;inia  C'hurcli  history,  Ilishop 
Johns  ]iuliHsheil  but  little.  His  eiiiscopal  adilresscs,  pastorals,  charges,  ami  a  few  tracts, 
are  all  that  are  to  be  fountl  in  print. 


KIGHT  REVERHND  MANTON   EASTBURN,  S.T.D.,  LL.D. 


nn^anton  lEastburn. 


The  coadjutor  and  successor  in  Massachusetts  of  the  venerable 
Griswold  was  born  in  Leeds,  lingland,  Feb.  9,  1 80 1. 

Brought  by  his  father  to  the  United  States  in  childhood,  he 
entered  Columbia  College  in  his  thirteenth  year,  and  was  graduated 
1817.  I'Lirsuing  his  studies  for  orders  at  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  he  completed  his  course,  1821  ;  was  admitted  to  deacon's 
orders  by  Hobart,  in  St.  John's  Chapel,  New  York,  May  16,  1822; 
and  the  same  bishop  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood,  No\-.  13,  1825. 

I'or  the  first  five  years  of  his  ministr\'  Eastburn  was  assistant 
minister  of  Christ  Church,  New  York  ;  in  1827  he  became  rector  of 
the  Church  of  the  Ascension  in  the  same  city  :  in  1835  he  received 
the  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  Columbia;  anil  in  1870,  Griswold  Col- 
lege, Davenport,  la.,  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  of  laws.  In 
1838  he  declined  an  election  to  the  episcopate  of  Maryland. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  to  Griswold  in  Trinity 
Church,  Boston,  Dec.  29,  1842,  by  the  presiding  bishop,  assisted 
by  Bishops  Brownell,  B.  T.  Onderdonk,  and  De  Lancey.  C)n  the 
death  of  the  bishop  of  the  Eastern  Diocese,  Eastburn  became  the 
bishop  of  Massachusetts.  He  died  in  Boston,  Sept.  12,  1872,  and 
was  buried  at  Dedham,  Mass. 

The  third  bishop  of  Massachusetts  was  an  excellent  classical 
scholar,  a  theologian,  a  man  of  culture.  Strongly  partizan  in  his 
prejudices  and  prepossessions,  an  "  Evangelical  of  the  Evangelicals," 
fearless  in  defense  of  his  views,  and  intolerant  of  contradiction  or 
opposition,  his  episcopate  was  not  free  from  strife.  He  was  a  critical 
admirer  of  "  our  inestimable  liturgy,"  ever  contending,  with  Herbert, 
as  to  "  the  prayers  of  our  mother,  the  Church  of  England,"  that 
"  there  are  no  prayers  like  hers."  His  strong  insistence  upon  "  Evan- 
gelical" principles  brought  him  into  collision  with  the  "  High  Church- 
men,"but  men  of  allshadesof  opinion  learned  to  appreciate  and  admire 
the  honesty  and  truthfulness  of  one  who  consistently  held  through 
life  to  the  principles  that  had  made  his  pastorate  memorable,  and 
that  gave  to  his  episcopate  a  distinctive  character  that  is  still  re- 
membered with  respect. 

Works. — i.  "  Four  Lectures  on  Hebrew,  Latin,  and  English  Poetry"  C1825);  2. 
"  Lectures  on  the  Philippians  "  (8vo,  1833);  3.  "  Oration  at  the  Semicentennial  of  Co- 
lumbia College"  (1S37).  He  was  a  contributor  to  the  volume  of  "  Essays  and  Disser- 
tations  on  Biblical  Literature"  (1S29).  He  printed  numerous  charges,  etc.,  and  edited 
Thornton's  "  Family  Prayers." 


a 


V. 


^f«* 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   PRENTISS  KEWLEV   HENSHAW,  D.D. 


Jobti  Ipretitiss  'ff^e\vlc\>  IF^ensbaw. 


The  Church  in  Rhode  Island  had  formed  part  of  the  see  of  Sea- 
bury,  and  the  signature  of  the  first  American  bishop — "  S.  Bp.  Conn, 
et  Rho.  Ins." — is  found  attached  to  many  official  documents  and  let- 
ters. Bass  of  Massachusetts,  and  Jarvis  of  Connecticut,  succeeded 
to  the  episcopal  oversight  of  Rhode  Island.  (In  the  dissolution  of 
the  Eastern  Diocese  the  see  made  choice  of  its  first  bishop  who  was 
unassociated  with  another  charge. 

Henshaw  was  born  in  Middietown,  Conn.,  June  13,  1792.  He 
was  graduated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  1808,  pursuing  post- 
graduate studies  at  Harvard.  He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders 
in  St.  Michael's,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  by  Griswold,  ami  was  ad\-anced  to 
the  priesthood  in  St.  Ann's,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1816.  His 
diaconate  was  spent  at  St.  Ann's.  He  entered,  when  priested,  upon 
the  rectorship  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Baltimore,  where  he  remained 
until  called  to  Rhi)de  Island. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  John's  Church,  Pro\idence,  R.  I., 
Aug.  II,  1843,  by  Bishops  Brownell,  B.  T.  Onderdonk,  Hopkins, 
Dtiane,  W'hittingham,  and  Johns.  His  alma  mater  conferred  upon 
him  the  doctorate  in  di\-inity  in  the  year  of  his  consecration.  On 
his  Cuming  to  Rhode  Island,  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Grace 
Church,  Providence,  which  he  held  till  death. 

Henshaw  was  an  eloquent  preacher  and  a  popular  ami  successful 
parish  priest.  His  views  were  those  of  the  "  Mvangelical  "  party, 
and  he  maintained  these  principles  with  an  energy  and  power  that 
won  for  him  a  place  among  the  leaders  of  this  school.  In  later 
years  he  grew  more  conservative  in  his  theological  opinirms,  while 
his  administration  was  ever  just,  equitable,  and  tolerant  of  conflict- 
ing opinions.  He  had  an  attracti\e  presence,  was  courtly,  and  an 
accomplished  conversationalist.  He  was  a  faithful  priest  and  bishop. 
It  was  while  rendering  loving  service  in  the  diocese  of  Maryland, 
where,  after  years  of  absence,  he  was  still  most  affectionately  remem- 
bered, that  he  "fell  asleep,"  near  I'rederick  City,  July  20,  1852. 
He  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Grace  Churcli,  I'ro\idence,  R.  I. 

Works.  — I.  "Theology  for  tlie  People"  (Svo,  1S40) ;  2.  "Hymns  for  Parocliial 
Use  at  St.  Peter's  "  ;  3.  "  Lectures  on  the  Advent  of  Christ  "  :  4.  "  Tract  on  Confirma- 
tion "  ;  5.  "  Sermon  on  the  Jubilee  of  the  .Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel " 
(1851);  6.   Addresses,  charges,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CARLTON  CHASE,   D.D. 


Carlton  (Tbase. 


SeaBUKV  visited  New  Hampshire  in  tiie  ccuirse  of  his  progresses 
through  New  l^nyland,  and  Bass  accepted  the  charge  of  the  Ciiiirch 
in  that  State  in  connection  with  his  own  see.  The  signature  "  Eel- 
ward,  Bp.  Mass.  and  New  Hamp.,"  is  still  extant,  and  the  connec- 
tion of  the  few  clergy  in  New  Hampshire  with  the  union  of  the 
churches  made  the  connection  of  the  Massachusetts  and  New  Hamp- 
shire churches  intimate  and  lasting.  At  the  time  of  the  resolving 
of  the  Eastern  Diocese  into  its  constituent  parts,  New  Hampshire 
was  ready  to  choose  for  its  own  bishnp  a  natix'e  of  the  State. 

Chase  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  N.  H.,  I-'eb.  20,  1794.  He  was 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  181  7  ;  admitted  tn  deacon's  orders 
at  St.  Michael's  Church,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  Dec.  9,  1S18,  by  Griswokl, 
who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Trinity  Church,  Newport, 
R.  I.,  Sept.  27,  1820.  His  sole  charge  prior  to  his  consecration  was 
the  rectorship  of  Immanuel  Church,  Bellows  Ealls,  Vt.  In  1839  the 
University  of  Vermont  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity. 
He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  New  Hampsliire,  in  Christ  Church, 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  20,  1844,  by  Bishops  Philander  Chase,  Brownell, 
B.  T.  Onderdonk,  I\-es,  and  Bosworth  Smith.  Removing  to  Clare- 
mont,  N.  H.,  he  became  rector  (.>f  Trinity  Church,  which  charge  he 
retained  for  a  number  of  \-ears. 

He  was  invited  by  the  standing  committee  of  the  diocese  of  New 
York,  after  the  suspension  of  Onderdonk  and  before  the  election  of 
Wainwright,  to  perform  episcopal  duties  in  New  York.  Under  this 
appointment  he  made  three  \'isitations,  1850,  185  i,  1852,  gi\ing  great 
satisfaction  to  a  diocese  resti\e  under  the  disabilities  conse^iuent  upon 
an  ecclesiastical  sentence  which  had  failed  to  commend  itself  to  the 
popular  mind.     Chase  died  at  his  home  in  Claremont,  Jan.  t8,  1870. 

The  first  bishop  of  New  Hampshire  was  a  man  of  strong  intellec- 
tual abilit}-,  a  sound  theologian,  a  faithful  and  tireless  administrator 
of  his  see,  judicial  in  his  judgments,  considerate  and  affectionate, 
and  possessing  the  confidence  and  \'eneration  of  all.  He  was  "  a 
good  man,  and  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost." 

WoKKS. — ( 'liase  jHibli^licd  mitliiiig  save  liis  a(Ulre>-.es.  charges,  .anil  a  few  occasional 
sermons,  together  with  a  valuable  contribution  on  llie  "  History  ul  the  LIiuicli  in  Ver- 
mont," included  in  Thompson's  "  Gazetteer." 


I, 


RIGHT  REVEREND  NICHOLAS  HAMNER  COBBS,  D.D. 


IRicbolas  IfDatnncr  Cobbs. 


Born  in  Bedford  County,  \'a.,  Feb.  5,  1796,  anti  educated  pri- 
vately, the  early  life  of  Cobbs  was  spent  in  teacliinL;-,  in  which  voca- 
tion he  attained  a  marked  success. 

On  turning  his  attention  toward  the  sacred  ministry  he  was  ad- 
mitted Uj  t.he  diaconate  in  Trinity  Church,  Staunton,  \'a.,  Ma\-  2^, 
1824,  by  Channing  Moore,  who  ad\anced  him  to  the  priesthood. 
May  22,  1825,  in  the  Monumental  Church,  Richmond.  After  fif- 
teen years  of  pastoral  work  in  the  count}-  of  his  birth,  in  1839  he 
became  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Petersburg,  and  in  1843  rector 
of  St.  Paul's,  Cincinnati,  O.  The  following  }-ear  he  was  elected  to 
the  episcopate  of  Alabama. 

Cobbs  was  a  deput_\-  from  Virginia  to  the  General  Con\entions, 
1829—41  inclusive.  In  1842  Geneva  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  doctor  in  di\inity.  He  was  consecrated  bishop  of 
Alabama  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  Oct.  20,  1844,  by  ]?ishops 
Philander  Chase,  Meade,  Mcllvaine,  Doane,  and  Otey.  He  died  at 
Montgomer)-,  Ala.,  Jan.   11,  1861. 

The  first  bishop  of  Alabama  was  an  able  and  argumcntati\e 
preacher,  a  thorough  logician,  and  a  student  of  \aried  artaii.ments 
and  wide  culture.  He  was  faithful  in  his  administration,  and  his 
memory  is  cherished  by  a  grateful  people. 

WiikKS.  —  I.  Seriiiiin  «n  "  Tlic  piml.tini;  C'liristian  Kncuuraged"  (.several  times  re- 
printed) ;   2.   Occasional  discourses  and  episcopal  addresses. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CICERO  STEPHENS  HAWKS. 


Cicero  Stephens  llDawhs. 


The  successor  of  tlie  ajiostolic  Kemper  in  the  half  rif  his  oriijinal 
missionary  jurisdiction,  antl  the  first  bishop  ot  Missouri  elected  by 
the  clergy  and  laity  of  the  diocese,  was  born  at  Newbern,  X.  C. 
May  26,  181 2. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  uni\ersity  of  his  nati\'e  State,  at  Chape 
Hill,  1S30.  He  received  deacon's  orders  in  St.  Thomas's  Church 
New  York,  Dec.  8,  1834,  from  Bishop  11  T.  Onderdonk,  who  ad- 
vanced him  to  the  priesthood  in  Trinit\'  Church,  Ulster,  X.  W.  July 
24,  1836.  His  diaconate  was  spent  at  Trinity  Church,  Ulster.  C)n 
becoming  a  priest  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Trinity  Church 
Saugerties,  X.  V.  In  1.S37  he  liecame  rector  of  Trinity  Church 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  1843  he  renio\ed  to  Missouri,  and  was  rector  of 
Christ  Church,  St.  Louis,  until  his  election  to  the  episcopate. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Missouri  in  Christ  Church,  Phila- 
delphia, Oct.  20,  1844,  by  Bishops  Philander  Chase,  Kemper, 
McCoskry,  Polk,  and  De  Lance\'.  He  ilied  in  St.  Louis,  .April  IQ, 
1868. 

The  administration  of  the  first  bishop  of  Missouri  was  unexeiitful, 
save  in  the  rapid  growth  and  development  of  the  Church  through- 
out the  State.  The  bishop  was  an  eloquent  preacher,  a  man  of  cul- 
ture and  refinement,  and  a  wise,  conservative,  and  tolerant  diocesan. 
He  died  universally  beloved  and  regretted. 

Works.  —  Hawks  published  nothing  save  his  official  addresses,  charges,  and  pastorals, 
which  are  fouml  in  tlie  Convention  "  Journals  "  of  Missouri. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  JONES  BOONE,   M.D. 


Milliam  Jones  Boone, 


The  first  foreign  missionary  bishop  sent  forth  to  his  apostohc 
labors  by  the  Church  in  the  United  States  was  born  at  Waher- 
borough,  S.  C,  July  i,  iSii. 

He  was  graduateil  at  the  College  of  South  Carolina,  1S29.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  after  a  full  course  of  study,  1833  ;  but  turn- 
ing his  thoughts  toward  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  abandoned  the 
profession  of  the  law,  and  after  taking  the  course  at  the  Theological 
Seminary  of  Virginia,  he  gave  himself  to  the  foreign  missionary  work 
of  the  Church.  Witii  a  view  of  adding  to  his  qualifications  for  suc- 
cessful labor  in  China  he  pursued  a  course  of  medical  study  at  the 
College  of  South  Carolina,  and  received  the  degree  of  M.D. 

Boone  was  matic  (leacju  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  Charleston,  .Se]jt. 
18,  1836,  by  Bishop  Bowen,  who  ad\-anced  him  to  the  jjriesthood  in 
St.  Michael's  Church,  March  3,  I  S3  7.  His  appointment  as  a  mis- 
sionary to  China  immediately  followetl  his  admission  to  priest's 
orders,  and  he  sailed  for  his  distant  field,  Julv  8,  1837.  In  1844 
he  was  chosen  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  China  by  the  Clnircii 
in  General  Convention,  and  was  consecrated  in  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  26,  1844,  by  Bishops  Philander  Cliase,  Doane, 
Otey,  and  Henshaw.  He  sailed  on  his  return  to  China,  P)ec.  14, 
1844,  ti'icl  ministered  for  twenty  years  with  great  a^-siduity  aiul  suc- 
cess in  the  field  to  which  he  had  devoted  his  life,  dying  at  Shanghai, 
Jul)-  1  7,   1864. 

]>ishop  Boone  was  preeminently  a  man  of  Cod.  Cultured  in  man- 
ner, \\inning  in  his  intercourse  with  others,  with  unusual  linguistic 
pijwers,  ami  widely  read  on  all  subjects  connected  with  his  calling, 
he  labored  with  all  the  faithfulness  and  zeal  of  an  apostle,  and  laid 
down  his  life  willingly  for  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Works. — Besides  the  niissinnary  repnrts  pulilishe.l  in  "  Tlie  Spirit  nf  Missions," 
Boone  printed  only  his  cnntrihutions  tu  the  discussions  attending  tlie  translation  of  the 
Bible  into  Chinese. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  WASHINGTON   FREEMAN/_D.D. 


6covt3C  Masbiiioton  J^rccman. 


Little  is  known  ot  the  early  life  and  studies  t)f  Bishop  P^reeman. 
Born  in  Sandwich,  Mass.,  June  13,  1789,  of  an  old  Puritan  family, 
he  had  reached  the  age  of  thirty-eiglit  years  when  he  was  admitted 
to  the  diaconate  in  Christ  Church,  Raleigli,  N.  C,  Oct.  8,  i82'i,  by 
Bishop  Ravenscroft,  who  adxaiiced  him  to  the  priesthootl  in  Christ 
Church,  Newbern,  N.  C,  Ma}-  20,  1827. 

The  first  years  of  his  ministry  were  spent  in  mission  work  in 
North  Carolina.  In  1829  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Christ 
Church,  Raleigh,  which  he  retained  until  1 840,  when  he  renicjx-ed  to 
Columbia,  Tcnn.  Here  he  spent  about  a  year  of  ser\'ice,  and  then, 
after  a  shnit  time  gi\-en  to  Swedesborough,  N.  J.,  he  became  rector 
of  Immanuel  Church,  New  Castle,  Del.  Chosen  by  the  Church  in 
General  Convention  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  "Arkansas  and 
the  Indian  Territory  south  of  36 'i^,  with  supervision  of  the  Church 
in  Texas,"  Freeman,  who  had  recei\  ed  his  degree  in  di\'inity  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1S39,  was  consecrated  in  St. 
Peter's,  Philadelphia,  Oct.  26,  1S44.  The  consecrati>rs  were  Bishojis 
Philander  Chase,  Kemper,  Doane,  Otey,  Henshaw,  Polk,  A  It  red  Lee, 
Whittingham,  Elliott,  and  Johns.  He  died,  after  a  laborious  but  use- 
ful episcopate,  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  April  2g,   1.S58. 

W0RK.S. — Bishop  Freeman  left  imtliin!.;  nf  inipurtante  in  |irint  save  liis  annual  reports 
to  the  Board  of  Missions,  fnuncl  in  "  The  Spirit  of  .Missions." 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HORATIO  SOLITHGATE,  D.D. 


*ff3otatio  Soutboatc. 


TllK  first  missionary  bishop  of  the  American  Church  to  tlie  Orient 
was  liorn  in  I'orthind,  Me.,  Jul\-  5,  1812. 

Graduating  at  Bovvdoin  College,  1832,  he  entered  the  Andover 
Theological  Seminar}-,  intending  to  become  a  Congregationalist 
minister.  The  study  of  church  history  led  him  to  ask  for  confirma- 
tion at  the  hands  of  Griswold.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  Trinity, 
Boston,  July  12,  1835.  Appointed  by  the  Domestic  and  h'ureign 
Missionary  Society  to  investigate  the  openings  for  mission  work  in 
Turkey  and  Persia,  he  sailed  for  his  field  of  labor,  April  24,  i  S36, 
and  continued  his  investigations  for  two  years.  He  was  advanced 
to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  Oct.  3,  1839,  by 
15.  T.  Onderdonk,  and  in  the  following  spring  sailed  for  Constan- 
tinople as  missionary  to  the  dominions  of  the  sultan  of  Turkey. 

He  recei\'ed  consecration  to  the  missionary  episcopate  in  Turke)' 
in  St.  Peter's,  Philadelphia,  Oct.  26,  1844.  The  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Philander  Chase,  Whittingham,  Pllliott,  Johns,  and  Henshaw. 
He  returned  to  Constantinople  in  1845,  continuing  in  his  work  until 
1849,  when  he  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  1850. 

He  organized  St.  Luke's  Church,  Portland,  1851  ;  became  rector 
of  the  Church  of  the  /\d\ent,  Boston,  1852,  remaining  there  foi-  over 
five  years;  1859-1872  was  rector  of  Zion  Church,  New  \'oi'k.  He 
received  the  doctorate  in  di\init_\-  from  Columbia,  1845,  and  from 
Trinity,  1846.      He  died,  April  12,  1S94,  at  Astoria,  N.  Y. 

The  principles  of  missionary  operations  under  which  he  attenijited 
the  introduction  of  a  purer  practice  among  the  Oriental  Churches 
were  those  which  were  determined  by  the  American  Church.  The 
principles  of  non-interference  with  the  Christian  Churches  existing 
in  those  countries,  save  in  educational  work,  the  circulation  of  the 
Word,  etc.,  are  now  accepted  b\-  nearly  all  missionaries.  The  fail- 
ure of  the  Church  to  support  him  in  his  judicious  and  conser\ative 
work  is  to  be  regretted.     He  was  a  half-century  ahead  ot  his  times. 

WiiRKS.  —  I.  "  .\  Tour  tlirougli  Armenia,  Kunlistan,  .ind  Mesopotamia"  (2  vols., 
I2mo);2.  "  A  Visit  to  tlie  Syrian  Church  of  Mesopotamia"  ( I2mo,  1844) ;  3.  "  .\  Trea- 
tise on  the  Antiquity,  Doctrine,  Ministry,  and  Worsliip  of  the  Anglican  Cliurcli  "  ( i2mo, 
1849;  published  in  modern  Creek  at  Constantinople);  4.  "Practical  Directions  for  the 
Observance  of  Lent"  (1850);  5.  "  The  War  in  the  East"  (1855);  6.  "  Parochial  Ser- 
mons "  (i860)  ;  7.  "  The  Cross  above  the  Crescent  "  (1877) ;  8.  "  Christus  Redemptor : 
Life,  Character,  ami  Teachings  of  Our  Lord";  9.  "Gone  P.efore "  ;  10.  "Manual  of 
Consolation  "  ;    11.  "  Many  Thoaghts  about  Our  L.ird  "  (1880)  ;    12.  Occasional  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ALONZO  POTTER,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


Hloti30  potter. 


The  third  to  fill  the  chair  of  the  venerable  William  White,  first 
bishop  of  the  American  Church  in  the  line  of  succession  from  Can- 
terbury, was  born  in  ]3eekman  (La  Grantee),  Dutchess  Count)', 
N.  Y.,'july  6,  1800. 

GraduatiuLj  at  Union  College,  181 8,  he  was  the  following  year 
appointed  to  a  tutorship  in  his  alma  mater,  and,  1821,  became  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy. 

Potter  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  by  Bishop  Hobart,  May  i, 
1822,  and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Brownell, 
Sept.  ifi,  1824.  In  1826  he  became  rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Boston, 
where  he  remained  for  five  years.  In  1831  he  was  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  moral  philosophy  in  Union  College,  which  post  he  held 
with  distinguished  success  until  his  election  to  the  see  of  Penns)-]- 
vania.  In  1834  Kenyon  College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of 
doctor  in  divinity,  which  was  also  gi\en  him  by  Ilarwirtl,  1843. 
He  received  the  doctorate  of  laws  from  Union,  1846. 

Potter  was  consecrated  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  Sept.  23, 
1845,  by  Bishops  Philantler  Chase,  ]5rownell,  Hopkins,  Doane, 
McCoskry,  Whittingham,  Alfred  Lee,  and  Freeman.  After  a  bril- 
liant episcopate,  fruitful  in  every  good  word  and  work;  with  an  un- 
precedented development  of  Church  acti\-ities  ;  with  an  increase  of 
communicants,  congregations,  clergy,  ne\er  attained  before  ;  with 
the  adilition  to  the  diocesan  institutions  of  schools,  hospitals,  re- 
treats, colleges,  to  an  extent  difficult  to  realize,  the  belox'ed  and 
revered  bishop  of  Pennsylvania  died  on  shipboard  in  the  harbor  of 
San  Francisco,  July  4,  1865.  The  Church  and  country  nmurneil  the 
loss  of  this  great-hearted  bishop  of  souls. 

WriRKs.  — I.  "  Pnlitical  Komrmiy";  2.  "  Ilan.llmok  fur  Readers  "  ;  ,s.  "  IVinciples  of 
Science  Applieil  to  the  Arts  "  ;  4.  "  The  School  and  the  Schoohiiaster  "  (written  in  con- 
nection with  Georye  I!.  Emerson);  5.  "  Tlie  Three  Witnesses"  (a  posthumous  volume 
of  the  Lowell  Lectures);  6.  Sermons,  addresses,  charges,  pastoral  letters,  etc.  Bishop 
Potter  edited  "  The  Memorial  Pa|iers  "  and  a  course  of  lecture.s  on  "  The  Evidences  of 
Christianitv."      See  liishon  M.  A.  DeW.  Hnwe's  ■'  Memoirs." 


/  ■'^*^ 


*te» 


1  . 


RIGHT   REVEREND  GEORGE  BURGESS,  D.D. 


(3C0l\3C   BUV13C88. 


The  first  hishop  of  Maine  was  liDiii  at  Pro\-itlence,  R.  I.,  Oct.  31, 
I  809. 

He  was  graduated  at  ]^ro\vn  Unixersity,  1S26,  and  was,  iS,2h-2g, 
a  tiitiir  in  his  alma  inatcr.  He  studied  at  the  unixersities  df  iinnn. 
Goltingen,  and  Iierhn,  1  S3  1-34,  and  on  his  return  was  ordered  dea- 
con in  Grace  Chnich,  I'roxidence,  June  10,  1S34,  h\'  llisho|)  Ciris- 
wold.  On  No\-.  2,  i.Si4,  Bishop  Brovvnell  atlvanced  him  to  the 
priestiiood  in  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  of  \vhich  parish  he 
had  been  chosen  rector.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  (H\init\'  from 
Trinity  College,   1845,  and  from  Union  and  Brown,   1846. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  C)ct.  31, 
1847,  b\-  Bishops  Philander  Chase,  Brownell,  Eastburn,  Henshaw, 
and  Carlton  Chase.  After  an  episcopate  of  singular  de\-otion,  self- 
sacrifice,  and  success,  he  died  at  sea  near  Hax-ti,  where  he  had  just 
completed  an  episcopal  visitation,  April  2^,,  i  8hh,  and  was  buried  at 
Gardiner,  Me.,  which  had  been  his  home,  and  of  which  he  had  been 
the  rector  since  his  entrance  upon  his  see. 

The  first  bishop  of  Maine  was  beloved  of  all.  Retiring  in  man- 
nei'  aiul  unconscious  of  the  subtle  personal  magnetism  w  hich  drew 
all  hearts  to  himself,  it  only  retjuired  the  occasii.m  t<.)  biing  out  the 
stores  of  learning,  co\'ering  almost  the  entire  range  of  knowledge, 
which  maile  him  the  most  agreeable  of  con\'ersationalists  and  the 
most  ready  of  debaters.  He  seemed  never  to  forget  any  informa- 
tion he  had  once  acquired,  and  his  stores  of  recondite  learning  were 
e\'er  at  the  use  of  his  friends.  Strong  in  his  integrity,  impartial  in 
his  judgments,  conser\ati\e  in  his  atlministration,  he  li\'ed  a  life  of 
saintliness,  and  his  entl  was  peace. 

WiiRKs.  — I.  Aciilemic  pnciii,  "The  .Strife  of  I',r,.tlieis  "  (1S44);  2.  "  Tlie  liook  of 
Psalms  Translated  into  English  Verse"  (1S44);  3.  "  The  East  Enemy  Conquering  and 
Cimqueicd  "  (1S50)  ;  4.  "  Pages  from  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  England  between 
1740  anil  1840"  (1854I;  5.  "  Sermons  on  the  Christian  Life"  (1854);  6.  "Catechism 
on  the  Church  Catechism  "  ;  7.  "  List  of  Persons  Admitted  to  the  Order  of  Deacons  in 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  17S5-1857."  Bishop  Burgess's  five  Charges  were  com- 
positions of  unusual  merit.  He  iiublished  several  tracts  ;  "  The  Stranger  in  the  Church," 
"  Swedenborgianism,"  etc.,  which  have  had  a  great  popularity.  His  contrilmtion  to 
"The  Pophain  Memorial  Volume"  (1S64)  is  of  historical  authority.  Sec  his  "  Last 
Journal,"  with  Introduction  by  Bishop  A.  Lee. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE   UPFOLD,   D.D.,   LL.D. 


GcoxQC  IHpfolb. 


The  original  appointment  ot  the  apostolic  Kemper  as  missiimar)- 
bishop  was  to  Missouri  and  Indiana.  In  the  development  of  his  work 
the  surrender  of  Missouri  to  Hawks  as  the  first  diocesan  of  the 
Church  in  that  State  was  shortly  afterward  followed  by  the  separa- 
tion of  Indiana  from  Kemper's  charge  and  the  election  for  this  new 
diocese  of  a  bish'jp  of  its  own. 

Upfold  was  born  at  Shemly  Green,  near  Guilford,  Surrey,  Eng- 
land, May  7,  1796.  At  the  age  of  eight  years  his  father  brought 
him  to  this  country,  and  the  family  settled  in  Albany.  X.  Y.  Up- 
fold was  graduated  at  Union  College,  18 14,  and  received  his  degree 
in  medicine  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York 
City,  18 16.  The  following  year  he  abandoned  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine and  began  the  study  of  theology  under  the  direction  of  Bishop 
Hobart.  This  prelate  admitted  him  to  deacon's  orders  in  Trinity 
Church,  New  York,  Oct.  21,  18 18,  and  advanced  him  to  the  priest- 
hood in  Trinity  Church,  Lansingburg,  Jul\-  i  ^,  1S20.  He  remained 
in  Lansingburg  for  nearly  two  years,  when  he  was  called  to  New 
York,  where  he  was  successively  rector  of  St.  Luke's  and  St. 
Thomas's.  In  183  i  he  became  rector  of  Trinity  Cluirch,  Pittsburg, 
in  which  charge  he  continued  until  his  election  to  the  episcopal  office. 
He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Columbia  College,  1831, 
and  was  made  a  doctor  of  laws  b_\-  the  Western  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1856. 

Upfold  was  consecrated,  Dec.  16,  1S49,  b\-  Bishops  Bosworth 
Smith,  Mclh'aine,  Kemper,  and  Hawks.  He  died  in  Indianapolis, 
Aug.  26,  1872. 

Works. — i.  "The  I,ast  Hundred  Years"  (1845);  2.  "Manual  of  Devotions  for 
Domestic  and  Private  Use  "  ( 1863) ;  3.  Episcopal  addresses,  occasional  sermons,  pasto- 
rals, and  charges. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   .WERCER  GREEN,  D.D. 


Photo  by  \V.  C.  Babcock,  from  panning  by  Miss  Helen  Frances  Colburn. 


Milliatn  fll>crccv  (3rccn. 


The  first  bishop  of  the  American  Church  in  Mississijjpi  was  born 
in  Wilmington,  N.  C,  Ma}-  2,  1798. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  Univcrsit)-  of  North  Carohna,  Cha])el 
Hill,  1 818.  He  received  deacon's  orders  from  Bishop  Channing 
Moore  in  Christ  Clnux-h,  Raleigh,  April  29,  I  82  I,  and  was  advanced 
to  the  priesthood  by  the  same  prelate  in  St.  James's  Church,  Wil- 
mington, April  20,  1823.  l-'or  four  j'ears  Green  was  rector  of  St. 
John's  Church,  Williamsboro'.  Removing  to  Hillsboro',  he  became 
rector  of  St.  Matthew's  Church,  in  which  charge  he  remained  until 
1837,  when  his  alma  mater  called  him  to  the  chair  of  belles-lettres 
and  rhetoric,  in  which  position  he  continued  imtil  his  election  to  the 
episcopal  office.  In  1845  Green  recei\-ed  the  doctorate  in  di\inity 
from    he  Universit\-  of  Pennsylvania. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  episcopate  o{  Mississi[)pi,  in  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  Jackson,  Miss.,  Feb.  24,  1830.  by  liishops  Otey, 
Polk-,  Cobbs,  and  Freeman.  After  a  long  anil  honored  episcopate 
he  "  fell  asleep,"  beloved  and  rexered  by  all  men,  at  his  summer 
home  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  Feb.  13,  1887.  ¥c\v  more  sainth-  men 
ha\e  adorned  the  annals  of  the  episcopate  than  Bisliop  Green.  His 
life  was  a  benediction  and  his  memory  lives  in  the  hearts  of  his 
people. 

WdKKS.  —  I.  "A  Memoir  of  Bishop  Ravenscroft  "  ;  2.  Occasional  sermons,  diarges, 
addresses,  pasturals. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   PAYNE,  D.D. 


iobn  pa^nc. 


The  first  missionary  bishop  of  the  American  Churcli  sent  to  Africa 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  where  he  was  born,  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Jan.  9,   I  Si  5. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  Williams- 
burg, Va.,  1833,  and  in  1836  completed  his  theological  course  at  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia,  near  Alexandria.  fTa\ing  con- 
secrated his  life  to  the  foreign  missionary  work,  he  was  ailniitted 
to  deacon's  orders  in  Christ  Church,  Alexandria,  July  17,  183^,  b_\- 
Bishop  Channing  Moore.  He  sailed  directl)-  for  his  chosen  field,  and 
prosecuted  his  missionary  work  for  nearly  five  years  ere  returning 
to  this  country  for  ordination  to  the  priesthood,  and  also  for  the 
restoration  of  his  health,  which  had  been  undermined  b}-  the  African 
climate.  The  bishop  of  Virginia,  who  had  made  him  a  deacon,  con- 
ferred priest's  orders  upon  him  in  St.  George's  Church,  Fredericks- 
burg, July  18,  1 84 1.  He  returned  at  once  to  his  mission  field,  where 
he  remained  until  recalled  by  the  Church  for  consecration  to  the  mis- 
sionary episcopate  of  Cape  Palmas  and  parts  adjacent.  In  1S5  i  his 
alma  mater  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  di\  inity. 

Payne  was  consecrated  in  Christ  Church,  Alexandria,  \'a.,  July 
II,  185  I,  by  Bishops  Meade,  Eastburn,  Lee,  and  Johns.  Returning 
to  Cape  Palmas,  he  prosecuted  his  work  with  increased  \igor  unti 
1 87  I,  when,  in  failing  health,  he  returned  to  the  United  States  and 
resigned  his  missionary  charge;  which  resignation  was  accepted 
with  every  recognition  of  the  long  and  \'alued  ser\ices  rendered  to 
the  Church  and  in  behalf  of  the  race  to  whose  service  he  had  con- 
secrated his  life. 

Payne  tiled  at  his  Virginia  home  in  Westmoreland  County  (to 
which  he  had  gi\-en  the  name  of  an  African  mission  station  \'ery 
dear  to  his  heart — Caxalla),  after  an  honored  and  useful  life,  Oct.  23, 
1874. 

Works. — Missionary  reports  published  fr<»m  lime  t>>  tinn.-  in  the  "Spirit  of  Mis- 
sions," and  richly  deserving  of  being  collected  and  published  in  more  permanent  form. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FRANCIS  HUGER   RUTLEDGE,  D.D. 


J^rancis  1F3iu3cr  1Rutlc^t3c. 


The  first  bishop  of  the  American  Chinch  in  ]-'lorida  was  a  nati\'e 
of  Charleston,  S.  C,  antl  was  born  April   i  i,  1799. 

He  was  graduateci  at  Yale,  1820,  and  completed  his  course  of 
study  for  orders  at  the  General  Theological  Seminar}-,  New  \'ork. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  the  parish  church  of  Prince 
George,  Winyaw,  S.  C,  May  4,  1823,  by  Bishop  Bovven,  and  received 
priest's  orders  from  the  hands  of  the  same  prelate  in  St.  Paul's,  Rad- 
cliffe,  Nov.  20,  NS25.  The  early  years  of  his  ministry  were  spent  in 
Christ  Church  parish,  in  South  Carolina.  In  1827  he  became  in- 
cumbent of  Grace  Church,  Sullivan's  Island,  ha\ing  charge  besides 
of  St.  Thomas's  and  St.  Denis's.  He  remained  in  this  arduous  field 
of  labor  until  1S39,  when  he  remo\'ed  to  Florida  to  take  charge  of 
Trinity  Church,  St.  Augustine.  After  si.x  years'  service  in  this  cure, 
Rutledge,  who  had  recei\-ed  his  doctorate  in  divinit}'  fiom  Iiobart 
College,  1844,  removed  to  Tallahas.see,  where  he  became  rector  of 
St.  John's  Church.  In  this  cure  he  continued  until  his  election  to 
the  episcopate. 

Rutledge  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's,  Augusta,  Ga.,  C'ct.  15, 
1 85  I,  b}-  Bishops  Gadsden,  Elliott,  and  Cobbs.  After  a  Iabi>rious 
and  self-denying  episc<->i)ate  he  entered  upon  rest.  Now  6,  1866,  and 
was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  Claremont  parish,  Stateburg,  S.  C. 

WiiRKS. — C)ccasional  sermons  and  episcopal  addresses.  The  pastorals  issued  liy  Bishop 
Rutledge  durins^  the  Civil  War.  and  the  prayers  he  set  forth  lor  use  in  his  see,  were  so 
free  from  bitterness  and  so  charitable  in  spirit  a.s  to  be  models  of  composition,  most  cred- 
itable to  their  author. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   WILLIAMS,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


John  Williams. 


Descended  from  a  distinguished  Puritan  ancestry,  John  WU- 
Hams  was  born  in  Deerfield,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  181  7. 

He  was  educated  at  Harvard,  migrating  before  graduation  to 
Trinit}',  where  he  tooic  his  degree,  1835.  Of  this  institution  he  be- 
came tutor,  professor,  trustee,  president,  and  chancellor. 

He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  Christ  Church,  j\Iiddle- 
town.  Conn.,  Sept.  2,  1838,  by  Bishop  Brownell,  wlio  advanced  him 
to  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church,  Sept.  26,  1841.  His  diacon- 
ate  was  spent  at  Christ  Church.  When  priested  he  became  rector 
of  St.  George's  Church,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  He  recei\'ed  docto- 
rates in  divinity  from  Union,  1847,  Trinity,  ■'^49.  Columbia,  1852, 
and  Yale,  1883.  Hijbart  conferred  the  doctorate  of  laws,  1870. 
His  presidency  of  Trinity  continued  1848-53. 

Williams  was  consecrated  to  the  coadjutor  bishopric  of  Connecti- 
cut, Oct.  29,  185 1,  in  St.  John's  Church,  Hartford,  b_\-  Bishops 
Brownell,  Hopkins,  Eastburn,  Henshaw,  Carlton  Chase,  Burgess, 
and  De  Lancey.  He  became  bishop  of  Connecticut  on  the  death  of 
Brownell,  and  on  the  death  of  Alfred  Lee  became  presiding  bishop. 

The  administration  of  Bishop  \\'illiams  has  been  marked  b\^  an 
almost  unprecedented  growth  and  (.Ie\'elopment.  With  the  purpose 
of  providing  a  carefully  trained  and  personal!)-  guided  body  of 
clergy  representing  the  traditions  of  the  see,  he  founded  the  Ber- 
keley Divinity  School  at  Middletown,  of  which  he  is  still  the  honored 
head.  He  has  not  confined  his  labors  to  his  see.  By  his  writings, 
his  scholarship,  his  culture,  his  gifts  as  an  orator,  his  wise  judgment 
and  inflexible  fairness,  he  is  in  ex^ery  sense  the  most  prominent  jjrel- 
ate  in  the  American  Church.  As  a  theologian  he  is  conservative, 
and  in  full  sympathy  with  the  teachings  of  the  post-Reformation 
Anglican  doctors  so  far  as  they  represent  Catholic  truth.  He  is  a 
sympathetic  counselor,  and  a  judicious  and  experienced  leader. 

As  the  successor  of  Seabury,  he  visited  Flngland,  1884,  assi.^ting 
at  the  centennial  observance  of  that  bishop's  consecration,  and  re- 
ceiving many  distinguished  attentions. 

Works. — He  edited,  in  1849,  "  Ilawkstone,"  a  t.ile  in  fwo  volumes,  "  of  and  for  Eng- 
land "  ;  in  1851,  with  copious  notes,  lirownc's  "  Exposition  of  the  Thirty-nine  .Articles. '" 
His  own  writings  are:  I.  "  A  Translation  of  .\ncicnt  Hymns";  2.  "Thoughts  on  the 
Miracles":  3.  "Studies  on  the  Eni^lish  Keformation  "  (the  Paddock  Lectures  for  1881); 
4.  "  The  World's  Testimony  to  Jesiis  Christ  "  (the  Bedell  Lectures  for  1S81 )  ;  5.  "  Studies 
in  the  Book  of  Acts  "  (1885^ ;  6.  "  Syllahus  for  Ecclesiastical  History  "  ( 1S88) ;  7.  Mis- 
cellaneous papers. 


RIGHT   REVEREND   HENRY   JOHN   WHITEHOUSE,   D.D.,   LL.D. 


1bcnv\>  John  Mbitcbousc, 


The  coacljutor  to  the  as^ed  Chase,  and  his  successor  in  tiie  see  of 
Ilhnois,  was  bdiii  in  New  Vori<,  Any.   19,   1803. 

He  was  L;ra<luated  at  Cohimbia,  1821,  and  at  the  General  Sem- 
inary, 1824.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Cirace  Cluirch, 
New  York,  Oct.  10,  1824,  by  Cnies,  acliuL;-  for  tile  bishop  of  New 
York,  antl  was  priested  by  White  in  Clirist  Cluirch,  Philadelphia, 
Aul;'.  26,  1827.  He  became  rector  of  Christ  Chui-ch,  KeailinL;-,  I'a., 
1827,  afterwartl  huldinL;  the  rectorshij)  i.>f  St.  Luke's,  Roches- 
ter, X.  Y.,  tor  fitteen  years.  He  assumed  chari^e  of  St.  Thomas's, 
New  Yc.)rk,  1844.  He  receixed  his  D.D.  from  Geneva,  1834,  an<l 
an  LL.U.  from  Columbia,  1865.  O.xford  conferred  u])on  him  the 
D.U.,  1866,  and  on  the  occasion  of  the  first  Lamlieth  Conference, 
1807,  Cambridge  ga\-e  him  the  LL.U. 

Whitehouse  was  consecrated  in  St.  George's  Cluirch,  New  York, 
Nov.  20,  1 85  I,  by  Bishops  Brownell,  Alfred  Lee,  I'Lastburn,  Hawks, 
A.  Potter,  G.  Burgess,  and  J.  ^\'illiam^.  On  the  death  of  Chase, 
1852,  he  succeeded  to  the  see  of  Illinois.      He  died  Aug.    lO,   1874. 

Bishop  Whitehouse  was  an  excellent  scholar,  an  eloc|uent 
preacher,  and  an  inllexible  administrator.  He  founded  the  Cathe- 
tlral  of  .S.S.  Peter  and  Paul,  Chicago.  It  was  largely  due  to  him 
that  the  machinations  of  the  ilisafi'ected  section  which  fiiiall}-  re- 
sulted in  the  "  Cummins'  Schism  "  were  in  a  measure  rendered 
innocuous  by  the  con\'iction  and  deposition  of  Cheney.  The  un- 
published MSS.  of  this  critical  period  prove  that  the  fr.ll  exposure 
and  summary  punishment  of  a  leader  in  this  intended  disrujition  did 
much  for  the  practical  defeat  of  the  conspirators. 

Whitehouse  took  an  acti\-e  part  in  the  preliminar\-  measures  at- 
tending the  con\-ening  of  the  first  Lambeth  Conference,  in  recogni- 
tiijii  of  which  he  was  appointed  preacher  at  the  ojaening  serx'ice. 

.\t  tile  General  Con\-ention  at  Baltimore,  1 87 1,  the  last  during 
his  life,  he  made  strenuous  efforts  to  make  the  return  of  Cheney  to 
the  priesthood  eas}- ;  the  danger  threatening  the  Church,  which  had 
occasioned  the  bishop's  measures  for  uphokling  her  discipline,  hav- 
ing been  averted. 

Works. — Bishop  Wliitelmuse's  Convention  aililresses  make  up  nearly  a  thousand  oc- 
tavo pages.  Besides  these,  his  occasional  discourses,  etc.,  are  important  contributions  to 
the  history  of  the  times.  The  L.amheth  sermon  and  another  at  the  consecration  of  Bishop 
Pierce  are  noticeable  proiluctions. 

119 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JONATHAN   MAVHEW   WAINWRIGHT,  D.D.,  D.C.L. 


Jonathan  fTDa\^bcvv  Mainwnobt. 


WAINWRKiiri'  was  l)i)ni  ill  Lisci'ijool,  iMi^land,  l"el).  24,   iy')2. 

He  was  graduated  at  Hai"\ai"d,  1812,  becomintf  a  iiK-nihcr  of  tlie 
faculty.  He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  by  Griswnld  in  Tiin- 
ity  Cliurch,  I^ostou,  vVpril  13,  1817,  rccci\-inLj  the  pricsihdcul  iVdin 
Hobart  in  Christ  Church,  liarllnnl,  Ma_\-  jia  i.Si.S.  Alter  a  hritt 
service  at  Ciirist  Cliurch  he  licc.iuie  assistant  minister  of  Trinity, 
New  York,  No\'ember,  i.Sii;.  lie  was  chosen  rector  of  Grace, 
1821,  where  he  remained  until  i8i4,  when  he  accepted  the  rector- 
ship nf  Trinitx',  IJost'in.  lie  returned  tn  New  N'urk,  iSi'i,  loiini- 
iuL;  his  piisilidu  at  Trinit}-.  heiuL;  placed  in  cliai\L;e  ol  St.  John's 
Chapel.  lie  recei\c(l  his  ddctniate  trnui  I'niim,  iSj:;,  and  hum 
llar\ard,  1833.  lie  rcceixcd,  as  seci-etai'v  >>(  the  Anieiican  1  louse 
of  Hishojjs,  the  Imnnrary   D.C.I.,  from  ().\f..rd,    l.Ss2. 

I<lfforts  to  remit  the  sentL'Ucc  of  ()ndcrdiink'  lia\  ini;  tailed,  spci'ial 
leL;isIation  to  ielic'\e  the  situation  was  taken  in  the  (iineial  Con\rn- 
lion  ol'  1S50,  and  on  Nov.  1  <  >,  1S52,  in  Trinitx  I'hurch,  Xi.-w  N'l^i'k, 
under  the  canon  enacted  foi'  this  pnipose,  Wainw  rinht  was  couse- 
ci"ated  pro\isional  bishop  ot'  iju-  diocese.  The  consecralois  were 
15ishops  ISrowiuU,  l)oanr,  Kcmpci-,  1  )c  l,aiue\-,  \\'hittinL;ham, 
C.  Chase,  A.  I'otter,  Cph'ld,  and  J,  W'illian.s.  and  iJie  Most  R<\.  Dr. 
Francis  l''nlford,  bishop  of  Montieal  and  metropolitan.  lie  died 
in  New  \'oik,  Sept.  21,   1854. 

The  first  provisional  bishop  of  \cw  ^'ol•k  was  a  critical  scholar,  a 
conservati\'e  and  liiLdi-minded  iler^xrnan,  a  well-read  lheo|o;^iaii 
and  canonist,  and  a  polisheil  L;enllrman.  I  lis  life  was  dcxotcd  to 
his  calling;',  and  his  sympathetic  aid  w  as  e\  ei'  extended  to  Church  and 
indix'idnal  needs. 

Wouics.— I.  "  Four  Scniions  on  RL-ligioiis  ICiliicalion  ami  Filial  Duty '"  ( iSjy)  ;  2. 
"  Lessons  on  the  CImrch  "  ;  ,^.  "  Ordur  of  l'"aniily  I'rayer  "  (1845  ;  reprinted  froiiuenlly 
and  still  in  use) ;  4.  "  Short  Family  IVayers  "  (1S50) ;  5.  "  The  Tathways  and  Abiding- 
places  of  our  I-ord  "  (410,  1S51);  6.  "The  Land  of  I'.ondagc  :  lis  .\ncii-nl  iMonunienls 
and  Present  Condition  "  (410,  1S52). 

Wainvvriglit  edited  an  illustrated  ,'Jilion  ./,•  liiw  of  the  Hook  of  Common  I'rayer,  used 
in  the  preparation  of  the  critical  "  Standard  "  of  1S44.  lie  edited  "  A  Hook  of  Chants, 
Adapted  to  the  Morning  and  Evening  Service  of  the  Church  "  (iSiq),  and  a  volume  en- 
titled "  The  Music  of  the  Church"  (1S28).  In  connection  with  Muhlenberg  he  edited 
"  The  Choir  and  Family  I'salter  "  (1851).  He  was  the  editor  of  Hishop  Ravenscroft's 
"  Memoir  and  Sermons,"  and  of  an  American  reprint  of  the  "  Fife  of  Hisho])  ilebcr." 
.■\fter  his  decease  a  memorial  volume  of  sermons,  thirty-four  in  number,  was  published  by 
his  wi<low,  iS5<j. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  THO.WAS   FREDERICK   DAVIS,   D.D. 


XThomas  jFvcbcrich  IDavie. 


A  NATIVE  of  Xnrth  Carolina,  born  at  Wilmington.  Feb.  8,  1804, 
and  graduated  at  tht-  iini\ersity  of  tiie  State,  at  Chapel  Hill,  1822, 
Davis  was  ordained  b>  the  diaconate  in  St.  James's  Church,  of  the 
city  of  his  birth,  No\'.  27,  I  83  I,  by  Bisliop  I\es,  and  was  priested 
by  the  same  bishop  in  St.  l^artholomew's  Church,  I'ittsboro',  Chat- 
ham County,  Dec.   16,  1832. 

His  diaconate  was  spent  at  Pittsboro'  and  Wadesboro'.  lie  was 
subseejuently  rector  of  St.  James's,  Wilmington,  ami  of  St.  Luke's, 
Salisbury.  In  Noxcmbei',  I  846,  he  became  rector  of  (iiaee  Church, 
Camden,  S.  C.  tJn  his  election  to  the  episco]3ate  (if  South  Car(.)]ina 
he  received  his  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Colunibia  College,  Xcw 
York,  anil  from  the  Uni\'ersity  of  North  Carolina. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  St.  John's  Cha])el.  New  \'ork 
Oct.  17,  1853,  by  l-Si^hops  lirow  ne'U,  llo])kins,  Rosworth  Smith 
Mcllvaine,  and'Doane,  together  with  the  lii^hop  of  Jamaica,  W.  I. 
Dr.  Aubrey  George  Spencer,  and  the  bishop  of  I>"redericton,  N.  IV 
Dr.  John  Medlej-.  Bishop  Davis,  after  a  faithful  and  laboriou> 
episcopate,  died  at  Camden,  S.  C,  Dec.  2,   1871. 

WiiKKs. — .\cIdressL-s,  uccasional  sernmns,  an.l  ].:istiirals. 


"^^1:.     ^*^^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  ATKINSON,   D.D.,    I.I..D. 


XTbomas  Htkinson, 


BoKN  in  Dinwiddie  Cnunty,  \'a.,  Aul;".  6,  1807,  and  educated  in 
part  at  Vak-,  but  L;raduatinL;  at  Hampden  Sidney  Collei^e,  I'rince 
Edward  Ciuint_\',  \'a.,  Atkinson,  on  leax'iny  college,  first  studied 
law. 

/\fter  nine  years'  jjractice  in  his  profession  he  benan  a  course  of 
preparation  tor  the  ministry,  and  was  admitted  io  the  diaconate  by 
Bishop  JVIeade  in  Christ  Church,  Norfolk,  \'a.,  Nov,  1 8,  1 836.  He  was 
advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Paul's,  Norfolk,  May  7,  1837,  by 
l^ishop  Channiny  Moore.  His  ministerial  service  beyan  at  Norfolk, 
where  he  served  for  a  short  time  as  an  assistant  minister,  h'or  two 
years  he  was  rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Norfolk.  He  then  accepted  the 
rectorship  of  St.  Paul's,  Lynchburi;',  where  he  continued  in  charge 
for  nearly  five  years.  In  1843  he  became  the  rector  of  St.  Peter's, 
Baltimore;  and  in  1852  he  accepted  the  charge  of  Grace  Church  in 
the  same  city,  where  he  remained  until  his  election  to  the  episcopate. 
In  1846  he  recei\-ed  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Trinity  College, 
and  in  1862  the  University  of  North  Carolina  conferred  upon  him 
the  doctorate  of  laws.  He  received  the  same  degree  from  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  England,  on  the  occasion  of  his  visit  to 
England  to  attend  the  Lambeth  Conference  of  1S67. 

Dr.  Atkinson's  consecration  to  the  see  of  North  Carolina  took 
place  in  St.  John's  Chapel,  New  York,  ( )ct.  17,  1853.  His  conse- 
crators  were  Bishops  Pirownell,  Mdlvaine,  Uoane,  ( )tey,  together 
with  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  George  J.  Trevor  Spencer,  some  time  bishop 
of  Madras,  and  the  bishop  of  F'redericton,  Dr.  Medley. 

Bishop  Atkinson  died  at  Wilmington,  N.  C,  Jan.  4,  1881.  He 
had  participated  in  the  measures  taken  during  the  Civil  War  for  the 
organization  of  the  Church  in  the  Confederate  States;  but  at  the 
close  of  the  strife  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  return  to  the  Union, 
and  to  find  a  hearty  welcome  from  his  brethren  and  friends.  He 
was  a  preacher  of  unusual  eloquence,  a  devout  and  holy  man,  one 
whose  life  was  consecrated  and  whose  end  was  peace. 

WoRK.S. — I.  Sermons  on  special  occasions,  lectures,  charges,  etc.  ;  2.  A  charge  on 
"  .Sacramental  Confession  "  ;  3.  A  pamphlet  in  reply  to  criticism  of  tlie  Koman  Catholic 
bishop  of  Richmond,  Va. ,  of  the  above  charge. 


RKiHT   REVEREND   WILLIAM   INGRAHA.W   KIP,   D.D.,   LL.D. 


Copyright,  1SS9,  by  Anderson. 


MilUain  llnorabain  1I<ip. 


The  first  bishop  of  tliL-  Aincrican  Cluii'cli  consecrated  for  California 
was  born  in  New  York,  Oct.  3,   1811. 

He  entered  Rutgers  College.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  but  shortly 
migratetl  to  Yale,  where  he  was  graduated,  1X31.  After  entering 
upon  the  study  of  law,  he  began  his  preparatiun  for  hol\-  orders  at 
the  Virginia  Theological  Seminary,  1832.  The  following  }'ear  he 
entered  the  General  Theological  Seminar\-,  where  he  was  graduated, 

1835. 

Kip  recei\'ed  deacon's  orders  from  Bishoj)  B.  T.  Onderdonk, 
June  28,  1835,  in  St.  John's  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  \'.,  and  was 
ad\'anced  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Doane  in  St.  Peter's,  Morris- 
ti.iwn,  N.  J.,  Oct.  20,  1835.  His  successive  charges  were  Morris- 
tiiwn,  1S35— 36;  assistant  at  Grace  Church,  New  York,  1836-37; 
and  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Alban_\-,  N.  Y.,  1837-53.  J^*^  '"'-'- 
ceived  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Columbia,  1847,  anil  was 
made  a  doctor  of  laws  by  Yale,   1872. 

His  consecration  as  missionary  bishop  of  California  took  place  in 
Trinity  Church,  New  York,  Oct.  28,  1853.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Kemper,  Boone,  Alfred  Lee,  I-'reeman,  George  Burgess, 
Upfold,  Whitehouse,  and  Wainwright.  Proceeding  to  his  distant 
see.  Kip  gave  himself  so  successful!)-  to  his  labors  that,  1857,  he 
was  chosen  by  the  Conventic^n  of  the  diocese  to  the  ejjiscopate  of 
the  see,  which  now  took  its  place  among  the  confederation  of  dio- 
ceses. 

He  was  a  polished  writer,  an  eloquent  speaker,  a  man  of  wide 
culture,  a  careful  historian,  a  skilful  ])olemic.  His  life  was  largely 
a  sacrifice,  for  his  tastes  were  not  specially  fitting  tor  pioneer  work 
among  "  gold-diggers."  But  having  put  his  hand  to  the  plow  he 
never  looked  back;  and  a  noble  diocese  is  the  full  proof  of  his 
faithful  episcopate.  He  died  in  San  Francisco,  April  7,  1S93,  full 
of  years  and  honors. 

WiiRKs. — I.  "The  History,  Ohjcct,  and  Pniper  dliservance  of  tlie  Hdly  .Season  of 
Lent  "  (1843)  ;  2.  "  Early  Jesuit  Missions  in  North  America''  ( 1S46)  13."  Christmas  Hoh- 
clays  at  Rome"  (i860)  ;  4.  "  The  Unnoticed  Things  of  Scripture  "  (1865)  ;  5.  "  The  Cata- 
ccmibs  of  Rome  "  ;  6.  "  The  Double  Witness  of  the  Cliurch  "  ;  7.  "  The  Early  Conflicts 
of  Cliristianity  "  ;  8.  "  New  Yorl<  in  the  Olden  Time  "19."  Historical  Scenes  in  the  Old 
Jesuit  Missions  "  (1875) :  10.  "The  Church  of  the  Apostles  "  (1877)  ;  II.  "The  Early 
Days  of  My  Episcopate"  (1S92);  12.  Charges:  (I)  "  Lay  Cooperation";  (2)  "The 
Characteristics  of  the  .\ge  "  ;  13.  Adrlresses.  pastorals,  etc.  Nearly  all  these  have  passeil 
through  numerous  editions  and  are  still  read. 

127 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  FIELDING  SCOTT,  D.D. 


XThotnas  J^iclMno  Scott. 


The  first  missionary  bishop  sent  to  the  northern  Pacific  coast, 
with  jurisdiction  including  Oregon  and  Washington  Territories,  was 
a  native  of  North  Carolina,  where  he  was  born  in  Iredel  Ci>unty, 
March  12,  1807. 

He  was  graduated  at  Franklin  College  (subsequent!)-  the  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia),  Athens,  1829. 

Scott  received  the  diaconate  at  the  age  of  thirt\--six,  in  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Augusta,  March  12,  1.^4^,  from  Bishop  Stephen  I'Llliott. 
The  same  bishop  advanced  him  to  the  priesthooil,  I"eb.  24,  1844, 
in  Christ  Church,  Macon.  His  rectorates  were  successively  St. 
James's,  Marietta,  Ga.,  and  Trinity,  Columbus.  His  alma  mater 
Conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity,  1S5  v 

He  was  consecrated  missionary  bishop  of  the  Territories  of  Ore- 
gon and  Washington  in  Christ  Church,  Sax-annah,  Jan.  8,  1854,  liy 
Bishops  Elliott,  Cobbs,  and  Da\is,  After  a  laborious  and  exhaust- 
ing service  at  the  remote  frontier,  ]-iishop  Scott,  while  on  a  visit  to 
the  Atlantic  coast,  died  in  the  city  of  New  York,  July  14,  1867,  and 
was  interred  in  Trlnit\-  cemetery.  He  was  a  man  of  great  holiness 
of  life  and  singular  devotion  to  his  work. 

Works. — Tlie  annual  reports  t"  tlu-  Hoard  of  Missions,  with  a  few  occasional  dis- 
courses and  episcopal  addresses,  pastorals,  etc. 


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RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY  WASHINGTON  LEE,  D.D.,  LI..D. 


1l3cnr^  Masbinoton  Xce. 


The  diocese  of  Iowa  funned  a  part  of  the  \-ast  jurisdiction  of  the 
apostolic  Kemper  for  oiil)-  a  few  years.  It  had  received  three  visi- 
tations from  him,  when  its  few  clergy  organized  a  diocese. 

Tiie  first  bishop  of  Iowa  was  born  in  Hamden,  Conn.,  July  29, 
I  81  5.  After  completing  a  course  of  study  at  the  Episcopal  Acad- 
emy of  Connecticut,  at  Cheshire,  Lee  removed  to  Taunton,  Mass., 
where  he  opened  a  pri\'ate  school,  which  he  kept  up  until  ready  for 
ordination.  He  was  admitted  to  the  iliaconate  in  Grace  Church,  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  May  27,  1838,  b}-  CiriswoUl,  who  advanced  him  to 
the  priesthood  in  St.  Anne's  Church,  Lowell,  Oct.  Q.  1839.  He 
served,  during  his  diaconate,  at  New  Bedford  ;  then  became  rector 
of  Christ  Church,  Springfield,  Mass.,  April  2,  1840.  He  entered 
upon  the  charge  of  St.  Luke's,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1843.  He  re- 
ceived the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Hobart,  1850,  and  from  the 
Uni\-ersity  of  Rochester,  1852.  At  the  first  Lambeth  Conference, 
1867,  Cambridge  gave  him  the  LL  1). 

Lee  was  raised  to  the  episcopate  in  St.  Luke's,  Rochester,  Oct. 
18,  1854,  by  Bishops  Hopkins,  McCoskry,  George  Burgess,  De 
Lancey,  Eastburn,  and  Whitehouse.  After  an  episcopate  of  nearly 
twenty  years,  he  died  at  Da\-enport,  la.,  Sept.  26,  1874. 

The  first  bishop  of  Iowa  laid  broad  and  deep  foundations.  He 
founded  Griswold  College,  opened  in  i83(k  secured  the  Episcopate 
Fund  of  upward  of  fifty  thousand  dnlhirs  ;  built  the  Bishops'  House 
and  Cathedral  ;  obtained  endowments  for  the  diocesan  college  and 
theological  school,  and  tra\-ersed  the  \ast  extent  of  a  territory 
larger  than  all  of  England,  doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist  and  of 
an  apostle.  He  saw  the  diocese  he  had  found  in  utter  feebleness 
take  its  stand  among  the  leading  sees  of  the  middle  West,  and  he 
died  in  the  midst  of  plans  and  purposes  for  its  further  development. 
His  theological  views  were  "  Evangelical,"  hut  he  was  broad  and 
tolerant.  He  spared  neither  himself  nor  his  own  for  his  people's 
good. 

Works.  —  i.  Several  Sunday-school  books,  which  attained  great  popularity;  2. 
"  Family  Prayers  "  (frequently  reprinted) ;  3.  "Convention  Addresses,"  detailing  the  pro- 
gress of  the  Church  in  Iowa  and  Kansas,  of  which  latter  he  held  for  a  time  the  provisional 
oversight.  His  charges  were  thoughtful  contributions  to  the  theological  literature  of  the 
day.  An  ardent  "  patriot"  during  the  Civil  War,  his  pastorals  breathe  a  spirit  of  devo- 
tion to  his  country. 


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J  I 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HORATIO  POTTER,   D.D.,   LL.D.,  D.C.L. 


1f:)ovatio  potter. 


A  YOUN'GER  brother  of  the  distinguished  bishop  of  Pennsylvania, 
Horatio  Potter  was  born  in  Bcekman,  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
9,  1802. 

He  was  graduated  at  Union  College,  1826.  He  was  ordered 
deacon  by  Bishop  Hobart,  July  15,  1827,  in  Christ  Church,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  and  was  priested  by  Bishop  Brownell  in  Christ 
Church,  Hartforti,  Conn.,  Dec.  14,  1S2S.  His  diaconate  was  spent 
at  Trinity  Church,  Saco,  Me.  The  tollovving  j-ear  he  was  appointed 
to  the  chair  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy  in  Washington 
College  (now  Trinity).  In  1833  he  became  rector  of  St.  Peter's, 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  chosen  to  the  provisional 
episcopate  of  his  native  State.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity 
from  Trinity,  1838;  the  doctorate  of  laws  from  Hobart,  1S36;  and 
the  D.C.L.  from  the  University  of  Oxford,  i860. 

Acting  under  the  permissive  legislation  of  the  Church  assembled 
in  General  Convention,  and  in  succession  to  the  lamented  Wain- 
wright,  whose  administration  had  been  terminated  all  too  soon, 
Putter  was  cnnsccrateil  provisional  bishop  of  New  York  in  Trinity 
Church,  No\-.  22,  1854.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Brownell, 
Hopkins,  Doane,  McCoskry,  Whittingham,  Eastburn,  Alonzo  Potter, 
Williams,  Whitehouse,  H.  W^.  Lee,  and  the  bishop  of  Montreal, 
Dr.  Fulford.  On  the  decease  of  Onderdonk,  in  1861,  Potter  be- 
came the  diocesan  bishop  of  New  York.  He  died  Jan.  2,  1887, 
his  nephew.  Dr.  Henry  Codman  Potter,  ha\'ing  been  for  some  years 
his  coadjutor  in  the  episcopal  ofifice.  His  administration  had  been 
impartial,  vigorous,  and  successful.  In  the  midst  of  controversy, 
and  with  the  environment  of  much  of  partizan  feeling  and  strife,  the 
Church  grew  and  converts  were  multiplied. 

Works. — i.  "  Introductory  Sermon  at  St.  Peter's,  ,\lliany"  {iS.^,1);  2.  "  Intellectual 
Liberty:  A  Discourse"  (1S37);  3.  "Lecture  before  the  Young  Men's  Association  of 
Troy"  (1837);  4.  "  .Sermon  on  the  Death  of  President  \V.  II.  Harrison"  (1841");  5. 
"  Religious  Tendencies  of  the  Age"  (1844);  6.  "  Rules  for  Fasting"  (1846);  7.  "  .Sub- 
mission to  Government  the  Christian's  ])uty"  (1848);  8.  "  Staliility  of  the  Church  as 
Seen  in  her  Historyand  Principles  "  (1S48) ;  9.  "  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Hon.  Jesse  A. 
Spencer  "  (1S49) ;  lo.  "  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  President  Taylor  "  (1850) ;  II.  "  Duties 
of  Justice  "  (1852) ;  12.  Charges,  addresses,  pastorals,  and  pamphlets  of  various  kinds. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  MARCH  CLARK,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


XTbomas  nibavcb  Clavk. 


The  successor  of  the  amiable  anil  devoted  Henshaw  in  the  see 
of  Rhode  Island  was  born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  July  4,  1812. 

He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  183  i.  He  studied  theology  at  Prince- 
ton, 1833—35,  'i''"^  o"  the  completion  of  his  course  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  his  native  place.  Turning  his  atten- 
tion to  the  Church,  he  applied  to  the  apostolic  Griswold  for  orders, 
and  was  made  a  deacon  in  Grace  Church,  Boston,  Feb.  3,  1836,  antl 
was  acK'anced  to  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church  and  bv  the 
same  bishop,  Nov.  6,  1836.  The  first  years  of  his  ministry  (1S36-43) 
were  spent  at  Grace  Church,  Boston,  where  he  remained  until  his  re- 
mo\al  to  Pliilailelphia  to  become  the  rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Chuich 
in  that  cit}-.  After  a  few  years'  service  in  that  important  charge 
(1843—47)  I16  returned  to  Boston,  and  was  for  a  time  (1S47-30) 
assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church.  Remoxing  to  Hartford, 
Conn.,  to  take  the  rectorate  of  Christ  Church,  Clark  remained  in 
this  cure  (1850—54)  until  his  election  to  the  episcopal  office.  He 
received  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  Union,  185 1,  and  from 
Brnwn,  1S60.  At  the  Lambeth  Conference  of  1867  the  Uni\ersity 
of  Cambi'idge  conferred  up^n  him  the  tloctorate  of  laws. 

Clark  was  consecrated  in  Grace  Church,  Providence,  Dec.  6, 
1854,  by  Bishops  Brownell,  Hopkins,  Doane,  P^astburn,  Southgate, 
Burgess,  Williams,  H.  \V.  Lee,  and  H.  Potter.  On  entering  upon 
his  see  lie  became  rector  of  Grace  Church,  Proxidence  (1854-66), 
holding  that  cure  for  twehe  _\-ears.  The  fortieth  anniversary  of  his 
consecration  was  celebrated  b\'  the  clergy  and  lait_\'  of  the  diocese 
and  by  the  community  at  large,  1894.  It  attested  the  grateful 
sense  of  an  attached  people  of  the  privileges  and  blessings  of  a 
successful  episcopate.  Bishop  Clark's  administration  has  been  a 
period  of  growth  and  development.  Tolerant,  faithful,  earnest, 
eloquent,  a  charming  writer,  a  well-read  scholar,  an  able  adminis- 
trator of  affairs,  his  episcopate  will  e\"er  be  a  memorable  one  in  the 
annals  of  the  Rhode  Island  Church. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Lectures  to  Young  Men  on  the  Formation  of  Character"  (1852)  ;  2. 
"The  Efficient  Sunday-scliool  Teacher"  (1869);  3.  "Primary  Truths  of  Religion" 
(1869);  4.  "Readings  and  Prayers  for  Aid  in  Private  Devotion"  (18S8);  5.  "  Rem- 
iniscences" (1S95);  6.  Four  episcopal  charges,  occasional  sermons,  addresses,  pastoral 
letters,  etc. 


135 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL  BOWMAN,   D.D. 


Samuel  Bowman. 


Samuel  Bowman  was  born  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  May  21,  1800. 

His  early  education  was  carried  on  under  private  instructors, 
wliile  his  theological  studies  were  pursued  under  the  direction  of  the 
venerable  Bishop  White.  He  received  the  diaconate  and  priesthood 
at  the  hands  of  this  prelate,  the  first  in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia, 
Aug.  14,  1S23,  and  the  latter  in  St.  James's  Church,  in  the  same 
city,  Dec.  19,  1824.  His  first  ministrations  were  in  Lancaster 
Count}',  where  he  had  charge  of  two  congregations.  In  i  82 5  he  be- 
came rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Easton,  Pa.  Returning  to  his  former 
field  of  labor  in  1827,  he  became  the  assistant  to  the  venerable 
Rev.  Joseph  Clarkson,  the  first  on  whom  Bishop  White  laid  hands 
in  ordination;  and  on  the  death  of  this  excellent  man,  in  1830,  he 
became  rector  of  St.  James's  parish,  Lancaster,  continuing  in  this 
charge  till  his  death.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  di\'init\'  fmm 
Geneva  College  in  1843.  In  1847  he  was  elected  bishop  of  Indiana, 
but  declined  the  appointment. 

Bowman  received  consecration  as  coadjutor  bishop  of  Pennsyh'ania 
in  Christ  Church,  Philadelphia,  Aug.  25.  1.S5S.  His  consecrators 
were  Bishops  Kemper,  De  Lancey,  Alfred  Lee,  John  Williams,  anol 
Horatio  Potter.  The  new  coadjutor  threw  himself  heartily  and  with 
all  his  physical  strength  into  the  work  of  the  see.  His  episcopate 
was  brief,  but  fruitful  in  ever)-  good  woik.  Wliile  on  a  series  of 
visitations  in  the  western  portion  of  the  State  the  destruction  of  a 
railroad-bridge  by  a  land-slide  (Aug.  3,  1861)  compelled  the  bishop 
and  other  travelers  by  the  train  to  take  a  wallc  of  several  miles. 
Lingering  behind  the  rest  of  the  passengers,  he  "  fell  asleep  "  by  the 
way,  "  wearied  with  the  march  of  life."  P'ound  lying  on  his  face 
by  the  roadside,  his  body  was  tenderly  cared  for  by  kind  hands,  and 
was  laid  to  rest  in  the  churchyard  at  Lancaster,  among  the  graves 
of  his  parishioners  and  friends. 

WiiRKS. — A  single  occasiimal  scrmnn.  w  itli  the  annual  aiUlresses  to  the  Convention, 
are  all  of  the  literarv  remains  of  ilisliop  IJnwnian  \\hich  ha^■e  come  to  onr  knowledge. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ALEXANDER  GREGG,  D.D. 


Hlcyanbcr  (5rcoo. 


Born  at  Society  Hill,  Darlington  District,  S.  C,  Oct.  8,  i8ig, 
Gregg  was  graduated  at  South  Carolina  College,  i8;38,  and  studied 
law,  securing  a  wide  practice  in  the  northeastern  circuit  of  the  State. 

He  was  baptized  and  confirmed  in  St.  David's  Church,  Cheraw, 
S.  C,  1S43,  and  entered  upon  a  course  of  study  for  hoi}-  orders. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  the  church  of  his  bai^tism, 
June  10,  1846,  by  Bishop  Gadsden,  who  advanced  him  to  the 
priesthood  in  St.  Philip's  Church,  Charleston,  Dec.  19,  1847.  J^is 
sole  ministerial  charge  was  that  of  St.  David's,  Cheraw.  His  alma 
mater  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity,  1839. 

Gregg  was  consecrated  first  bishop  of  Texas  in  the  Monumental 
Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1859,  during  the  session  <if  the 
General  Convention.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Hopkins,  Bos- 
worth  Smith,  Otey,  Polk,  Elliott,  Green,  Da\'is,  and  Atkinson.  In 
1874  his  \-ast  see,  territorially  sufficient  for  a  college  of  apostles, 
was  divided  by  the  setting  off  of  two  missionar)' jurisdictions,  which 
were  committed  to  the  care  of  bishops  of  their  o\\  n.  He  continued 
in  the  full  exercise  of  his  apostolic  work  until  July  11,  1893,  when, 
after  a  long  and  trying  illness,  he  fell  asleep.  His  administration  had 
been  judicious,  devoted,  and  abounding  in  self-denying  labors.  He 
was  a  man  of  strong  intellectual  powers,  a  graceful  writer,  a  carelul 
and  accurate  historian,  and  of  unusual  energy  and  force.  He  has 
left  his  impress  on  the  great  State  which  recei\-e(l  him  as  her  hist 
bishop  and  remembers  in  lo\e  and  gratitude  his  de\'out  and  de- 
voted life. 

WiiKKs.  —  1.  "  Relations  of  Master  and  Slave"  (a  convocation  essay,  1S52)  ;  2.  "  Tlie 
Scarcity  of  Clergymen,  the  Causes  ami  Remeily  "  (a  Convention  sermon,  1856)  ;  J.  "  .\n 
Account  of  the  First  Meeting  of  the  University  of  the  South"  (1857);  4.  "  Perils  ami 
Duties  of  a  Time  of  War"  (1861);  5.  "  Proper  Imjirovement  of  Victory  in  War" 
(1862);  6.  "The  Sin  of  E.xtortion  "  (1862);  7.  "  Eulogy  on  Hemphill  and  McLeod," 
(delivered  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  .-Vustin,  1862)  :  8.  Triennial  charge  on  the 
"  Relations  of  Church  and  State  "  (1S62) ;  q.  Second  triennial  charge,  "  Relations  of  the 
Church  to  the  Church  of  Rome"  (1865);  10.  (With  Rev.  C.  Gillette)  "A  Few  Historic 
Records  of  the  Cluirch  in  tlie  Diocese  of  Texas  during  tlie  Rebelli  in  "  (1S65);  II. 
"  History  of  the  Old  Clicravvs  "  (8vo,  1867). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   HENRY  ODENHEIA\ER,  D.D  ,   D.C.L. 


Milliam  1[3enr\>  ®bcnbciinci\ 


The  third  bishop  of  the  Church  in  New  Jersey  was  a  native  of 
Philadelphia,  and  was  born  Auy.   i  i,  1817. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1835.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  by  Bishop  H.  U.  Onderdonk,  Sept. 
2,  1838,  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Philadelphia,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood  by  the  same  bishop  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  Oct.  3,  1841. 
His  sole  ministerial  charge  was  St.  Peter's  Church.  The  University 
of  Pennsylvania  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinit}",  1856. 

Odenheimer  was  consecrated  bishop  of  New  Jersey  in  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  C)ct.  13,  1859,  by  Bishops  Meade,  Mc- 
Cuskr)-,  W'hittingham,  Alfretl  Lee,  Carlton  Chase,  Hawks,  Akmzo 
Potter,  and  Jnhn  Williams.  His  episcopate  was  eminently  success- 
ful. He  carried  on  with  great  vigor  the  many  Church  activities  set 
in  motion  by  his  great  predecessor,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  see- 
ing the  see  of  New  Jersey  di\-ided  into  two  dioceses,  of  which 
he  chose  that  of  Northern  New  Jersey.  He  was  an  e.Kcellent 
scholar,  energetic,  acti\'e,  an<l  tireless  in  his  episcopal  work,  as  he 
had  been  during  his  rectorship;  and  he  lived  and  died  beloved  of 
all  men.  He  entered  into  rest  at  "Riverside,"  Burlington,  N.  J., 
Aug.  14,  1879,  anci  his  remains  lie  in  the  historic  churchyard  of  St. 
Mary's  in  that  town. 

Works. — "  Origin  and  Compilation  of  the  Prayer-hook  "  ;  2.  "  The  True  Catholic  no 
Romanist "  (1842) ;  3.  "Thoughts  on  Immersion  ";  4.  "  The  Young  Churchman  Cate- 
chized" (two  parts) ;  5.  "  The  Devout  Churchman's  Companion"  ;  6.  "  The  Private  Prayer- 
book  "  ;  7.  "  Bishop  White's  Opinions";  8.  "The  Clergyman's  .Assistant";  9.  Three 
charges;  (i)  "The  Sacred  Scriptures,  the  Inspired  Record  of  the  Glory  of  tlie  Holy 
Trinity  "  ;  (2)  "  The  Church's  Power  in  her  Controversy  with  Antichrist  "  ;  (3)  "  Canon 
Law,"  0847)  a  volume  of  his  sermons,  with  an  introductory  memoir  by  his  wiflow, 
appeared  in  1881. 

Bishop  Odenheimer's  essay  on  canon  law,  prepared  for  the  alumni  i>f  the  (len- 
eral  Theological  Seminary,  was  the  first  contribution  to  this  important  suliject  pulilishet.l 
in  the  American  Church.  He  also  edited,  with  prefatory  matter,  Ringelbergius  on 
"  Study,"  and  prepared,  with  F.  M.  Bird,  "  Songs  of  the  Spirit"  (1871). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GREGORY  THURSTON   BEDELL,  D.D. 


(3rcoor\>  XTburston  Bcbcll. 


Bedell  was  born  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  181  7. 

He  was  graduated  at  Bristol  College,  Pennsylvania,  1836,  and,  after 
a  )'ear  spent  in  teaching,  entered  the  Theological  Seminar\'  of  \'ir- 
ginia,  where  he  completed  his  course,  1840.  He  was  admitted  ti.i 
the  diaconate  by  his  great-uncle,  Bishop  Channing  Moore,  in  his 
father's  church,  St.  Amlrew's,  Philadelphia,  July  19,  1840.  The 
same  bishnp  ad\anced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Holx*  Trinity 
Church,  West  Chester,  Pa.,  Aug.  29,  1841.  His  first  charge  was 
that  of  the  latter  church,  from  which,  1843,  he  remo\-ed  to  the 
Church  of  the  Ascension,  New  York.  He  received  the  doctorate 
in  di\  inity  from  Norwicli  L'nixersity,  Wrmont,   1856. 

His  consecration  as  coadjutor  bishop  of  C)hio  took  place  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1859.  The  consecrators 
were  Bish(->ps  Meade,  Mclhaine,  Johns,  Mastburn,  Upfold,  Rut- 
ledge,  Horatio  Potter,  and  Payne.  Upon  the  death  of  Mclhaine 
his  coadjutor  became  the  diocesan  of  Ohio.  The  see  was  di\ided, 
1875,  and  the  diocese  of  Southern  Ohio  created.  Bedell  retaining 
the  northern  part. 

In  October,  1889,  he  resigned  his  jurisdiction,  in  consequence  of 
physical  infirmities.  This  resignation  was  accepted  with  great  re- 
luctance.     He  ilied  in  New  York,  March  II,  1892. 

Bedell  was  an  'T{\angelical  "  by  inheritance  and  choice.  His  father, 
the  celebrated  rector  of  St.  Andrew's,  Philadelphia,  was  a  ilis- 
tinguished  representati\'e  of  that  party,  and  throughout  his  life  the 
bishop  was  a  consistent  exponent  of  the  princip)les  he  had  adopted. 
His  episcopate  was  abundant  in  labors  and  successful  in  results. 

Works.  — I.  "The  Divinity  of  Christ"  (1848);  2.  "Individual  Re.-.ponsiliility  for 
Missions  to  the  Heathen"  (1848);  3.  "The  Baptismal  Renunciation  "  (1848);  4  "  The 
Present  Profit  of  Godliness  "  (1852);  5.  "  The  Sacredness  of  the  Grave"  (1854) ;  6.  "  The 
Adaptation  of  Christianity  to  Man"  {'1854);  7.  "  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  the 
Rev.  David  Moore,  D.D."  (1856);  8.  "Fellow-workers"  (185S);  q.  Two  sermons: 
"  The  Elements  "  and  "  The  Basis  of  Parochial  Strength  "  (1859) ;  10.  "  The  Trusteeship 
of  the  Gospel  "  (1864) ;  11.  "  The  Victories  of  the  Reformation,"  etc.  (1869) ;  12.  "  The 
Age  of  Indifference  "  (1871)  I  13."  Episcopacy,  a  Fact  and  a  Law"  (1872);  14.  "Me- 
morial Sermon  on  Bishop  .\uer  "(1874) ;  it;.  "  Woman's  Work  anil  Foreign  Missions" 
(1877);  16.  "The  Church  a  Teacher"  (l8''77);  17.  "Canterbury  Pilgrimage"  (1878); 
18.  "The  Pastor"  (1878). 

Besides  these  sermons  he  edited  several  tracts  written  liy  his  father,  and  issued 
numerous  parochial  tractates.  His  pastoral  on  "  Ritual  Uniformity"  (1874),  his  pri- 
mary charge  on  "  The  Personal  Presence  of  the  Holy  Spirit  "  ( 1874),  .and  his  "  Note;,  on 
the  Oriental  Churches  "  (1875),  were  among  his  later  contributions  to  Church  literature. 
This  list  is  not  exhaustive.     (See  "  Memoirs.") 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY  BENJAMIN  WHIPPLE,  D.D. 


1F3enr^  Benjamin  Mbipplc. 


BoRX  at  Adams,  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1822,  and  in 
early  life  engaged  in  business  and  politics,  Henry  Benjamin  Whipple, 
on  turning  his  attention  to  consider  the  claims  of  personal  religion, 
"  forsook  all,  and  followed  Christ." 

Acting  in  accordance  with  the  advice  of  Bishop  De  Lancey,  he 
became  a  candidate  for  holy  orders,  and  was  ordered  deacon  in 
Trinity  Church,  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  17,  1849.  The  same  bishop 
advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Christ  Church,  Sackett's  Harbor, 
N.  Y.,  Jul}-  16,  1850.  After  a  rcctorate  of  se\-en  _\-ears  at  Zion 
Church,  Rome,  X.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of  1S57  he  became  rector  of 
the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  Chicago,  where  he  remainetl 
until  elected  to  the  episcopate. 

He  was  consecrated  first  bishop  of  Minnesota  in  St.  James's 
Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1859,  by  Bishops  Kemper, 
De  Lancey,  Cobbs,  George  Burgess,  W'hitehouse,  Scott,  H.  W. 
Lee,  Clark,  and  Bowman.  At  the  third  Lambeth  Conference,  in 
1888,  he  received  from  the  Universit}"  of  Cambridge  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  At  this  gathering  of  the  bishops  he  preached  the  opening 
sermon  in  Lambeth  Chapel,  and  as  the  senior  American  bishoj)  in 
attendance,  and  in  \iew  of  his  distinguished  reputation,  was  the 
recipient  of  every  attention. 

Bishop  Whipple's  administration  has  been  marked  by  the  success- 
ful work  he  has  undertaken  among  the  Indians,  which  has  won  for 
him  the  title  of  the  "  Apostle  to  the  Red  Men."  He  has  made  Fari- 
bault, the  seat  of  the  diocesan  institutions,  a  center  of  culture  and 
Churchly  training  renowned  throughout  the  Church.  St.  Mary's 
Hall  for  girls,  Shattuck  Hall  for  boys,  Seabury  Hall,  the  theological 
school  for  the  trans-Mississippi  bishops  and  sees,  have  been  founded 
by  this  great-hearted  bishop,  and  owe  much  of  their  extraordinary 
success  to  his  fostering  care.  The  diocese  has  grown  and  prospered 
under  his  administration,  and  his  episcopate  will  ever  be  regarded 
as  the  golden  age  of  the  Minnesota  Church. 

\ViiRK.S.  —  I.  Cnnvention  sermon  (Illinoi-,);  2.  Episcopal  addresses;  3.  "Indian 
Papers  and  Reports";  4.  Consecration  sermons  (first  bishop  of  Nebraska  and  tlnril 
bisliop  of  Wisconsin)  ;  5.  Sermon  in  I.ambetli  Cliapel.  .\  volume  of  his  sermons  lias 
been  j^ulihshed,  comprising  some  of  the  above. 


145 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY  CHAA\FLIN  LAV,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


IF^enr^  Cbainplin  !!La\>. 


Born  in  Richmond,  Va..  Dec.  6,  1S23,  Henry  Chaniplin  Lay  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  VirL;inia,  1842,  and  completed  his 
preparatory  course  for  h(.)l\-  orders  at  the  Theological  Seminary  of 
Virginia,  1846. 

He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  Christ  Church,  Alexandria, 
July  10,  1846,  by  Bishop  Meade.  After  ser\ing  as  deac(.in  for  half 
a  year  at  Lynnhaven  parish,  he  removed  to  Alabama  ar.d  enteied 
upon  the  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  Nativity,  Huntsville.  In  this 
church  Bishop  Cobbs  advanced  him  to  priest's  orders,  July  12,  i<S48. 
He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Hobart  College,  1S57, 
and  from  the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  1873.  Cambridge  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  1867. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Arkansas  and 
the  Indian  Territory  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  Oct.  23, 
1859,  by  Bishops  Meade,  Mcllvaine,  Polk,  De  Lancey,  W'hittingham, 
Elliott,  Cobbs,  and  Atkinson.  During  the  Ci\il  War  Lay  became 
the  diocesan  of  Arkansas,  but  on  the  return  of  peace  the  old  order 
was  reestablished.  In  1868  the  see  of  Plaston  was  created  out  of 
that  portion  of  Maryland  lying  east  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  Lay  was  translated  to  its  charge,  April  i, 
1869.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Sept.  17,  1885,  and  was  buried  at 
Spring  Hill  Cemetery,  in  his  own  diocese. 

Lay  was  tlceply  interested  in  the  re\ision  nioxt-nient  out  of 
which  grew  the  "  Standard  of  1892."  He  was  a  most  faithful  and 
acceptable  missionary  bishop,  and  in  his  diocesan  work  showed  no 
abatement  of  zeal.  A  well-read  theologian,  a  logical  controx'ersial- 
ist,  an  earnest  and  acceptable  preacher,  and  a  de\-out  man  of  God, 
he  was  beloved  and  respected  of  all  men. 

Works.  —  I.  "  Letters  to  a  M.in  Bewildered  aniony  M.-iny  Cnun-sthirs  ";  2.  "  Tracts 
for  MissionaryU.se"  (2  v<ils.);  3.  "Studies  in  tlie  Cliurch  "  (1872):  4.  "  Tlie  Lord 
and  Mis  Basket  "  (a  missionary  address) ;  5.  "  Churcli  in  the  Nation  "  (Bishop  Paddock 
Lectures,  1885).  To  these  titles  should  be  added  missionary  reports,  occasional  sermons, 
and  papers  on  "  .Social  Science,"  published  from  time  to  time.  His  sermons  of  special 
note  were:  I.  "  Fidelity  to  Truth  "  (i860) ;  2.  "  Missionary  Success  "  (1866) ;  3.  "  Our 
Lord  a  Pattern  to  Bishops  "  (1868) ;  4.  "  The  Man  of  Business  "  (1870) ;  5.  "  Longings 
after  Unity"  (1873). 


*  \ 


^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOSEPH  CRUIKSHANK  TALBOT,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


Joseph  Cvuihsbanh  tTalbot, 


The  successor  of  Kemper  and  Upfnld  in  the  episcopal  oversight 
of  Indiana  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  was  born  at  Alexandria, 
Sept.  5,  1816. 

Educated  at  the  Pierpont  Academy  of  his  native  city,  he  reniovetl 
to  Kentucky  in  1835,  '^"d  spent  several  years  in  business  life  in 
Louisville.  In  1837  he  received  baptism  in  Christ  Church,  and  was 
confirmed  by  Bishop  Smith  the  same  year.  In  1841  he  began  his 
course  of  preparation  for  holy  orders,  and  Sept.  5,  1846,  he  was 
made  a  deacon  in  Christ  Church,  Louis\ille,  b\-  Hishop  Bosworth 
Smith.  Sept.  6,  1848,  the  same  bishnp  ga\'e  him  priest's  orders 
in  St.  John's  Church  in  the  same  city.  He  had  organized  St. 
John's  Church  during  his  diaconate,  and  on  his  receiving  the  priest- 
hood he  continued  in  its  charge  for  about  seven  years.  In  1853 
he  removed  to  Indiana,  and  continued  in  charge  of  Christ  Church, 
Indianapolis,  until  set  apart  for  the  work  of  a  missionary  bishop. 
The  Western  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  conferred 
upon  him  the  doctorate  in  di\-inity  in  1854,  and  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  England,  gave  him  an  LL. D.  on  occasion  of  the  Lam- 
beth Conference  in  1867. 

In  1859  the  Church  in  General  Cniu-entinn  elected  Talbnt  lo  the 
missionary  episcopate  of  the  Northwest,  a  jurisdiction  ot  almost 
limitless  extent,  embracing  the  present  States  and  Territories  cf 
Nebraska,  the  Dakotas,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona, 
Utah,  Montana,  and  Idaho.  He  was  consecrated  in  Christ  Church, 
Indianapolis,  Feb.  15,  i860,  by  Bishops  Kemper,  Bosworth  Smith, 
Hawks,  Upfold,  and  Bedell.  In  1865,  after  faithful  ser\-ice  in  the 
Northwest,  Talbot  was  elected  coadjutor  to  the  diocesan  of  Indiana, 
and  his  translation  took  place  the  same  year.  On  Upfold's  decease 
he  became  bishop  of  the  see.     He  died  at  Indianapolis,  Jan.  15,  1883. 

Bishop  Talbot  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  of  pleasing  address,  of 
marked  executive  ability,  and  of  unusual  devoti(Tii  to  work.  He  is 
lovingly  remembered  throughout  the  \ast  extent  of  territory  to 
which  he  ministered  in  holy  things;  and  his  works  follow  him. 

W'oKKs. — Occasional  sermons,  addresses,  missionary  reports,  pastorals,  and  other 
oificial  pa[)ers. 


,..i»£  ^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  \VILLIA;\\  BACON  STEVENS,  D.D.,  I.L.D. 


Milltain  Bacon  Stevens. 


The  sou  of  a  United  States  officer  in  the  War  i.if  1812,  and  tlie 
grandson  of  a  Re\olutionary  \eteran,  William  l^acoii  Ste\ens  was 
born  in  Bath,  Me.,  July  13,  18 15. 

After  completing  his  classical  studies  in  Phillips  Academy,  An- 
d(i\er,  in  preparation  fur  entering  college,  failure  of  health  compelled 
him  to  travel  abroad  tor  two  years,  during  which  time  he  circimi- 
navigated  the  globe,  spending  six  months  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
where  he  devoted  himself  to  a  thorough  inxestigation  of  the  cus- 
toms and  religious  beliefs  of  the  people.  He  then  spent  six  months 
in  China,  where  he  gave  his  services  in  connection  with  Sir  Peter 
Parker's  hospital  work  among  the  people  of  Canton.  Returning 
with  a  measure  of  health,  he  pursued  a  course  in  medicine,  and  re- 
ceived his  degree  from  Dartnunith  College,  Hanover,  N.  H.,  anil  on 
deciding  to  make  his  home  at  the  South,  repeated  his  course  of 
study  with  special  reference  to  the  needs  of  Southern  practice,  re- 
ceiving an  ad  ciindan  M.D.  degree  fi'om  the  Medical  College  of 
Smith  Cariilina. 

It  was  while  in  Charleston  and  engaged  in  his  medical  study  that 
he  formed  the  acquaintance  with  the  first  bishop  of  China,  iJr.  W.  J. 
Boone,  which  resulted  in  a  lifelong  friendship,  and  which  was  among 
the  earliest  influences  drawing  him  to  the  Church.  Entering  upon 
practice  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  he  pursued  his  calling  with  distinguished 
success  for  nearly  five  years,  taking  special  interest  in  many  matters 
outside  of  his  profession,  and  recei\'ing  in  1S41  the  appointment  of 
historian  of  the  State  of  Georgia.  Shortly  after  this  recognition  of 
his  historical  tastes  and  scholarly  attainments  he  relinquished  a 
lucrative  practice  and  began  a  course  of  study  for  the  sacred 
ministry  under  the  ilirection  cif  his  friend  and  bisho]),  Dr.  Stephen 
]'"llii)tt.  On  Feb.  26,  1843,  he  was  admitteil  to  the  diaconate  in 
Christ  Church,  Sa\-annah,  b_\-  Bishop  I^lliott,  who  advanced  him  to 
the  "  higher  degree,"  Jan.  7,  1844,  in  the  same  historic  church. 
Elected  professor  of  belles-lettres,  orator)-,  and  moral  philosophy  in 
the  University  of  Georgia,  at  Athens,  in  1844,  he  organized  Em- 
manuel Church  in  that  collegiate  town,  and  continued  in  the 
exercise  of  his  professorial  and  rectoral  duties  until  his  election  to 
St.  Andrew's,  Philadelphia,  in  1848.  He  had  been  a  deputy  from 
Georgia  to  the  General  Con\-ention  the  jjreceding  year  (1847),  and 
recei\-ed    from    the    Unix'ersity    of    Pennsyhania    the    doctorate    in 

15! 


152  THE  uriscorAfE  i.\  America. 

(li\inity  tlic  }-car  of  his  reinoxal  to  tliu  Xorth  (1S48).  In  1862 
Union  Colleije  conferred  upon  liini  the  degree  of  LL.D.  W'iiile  in 
Italy  in  1866-67  on  account  of  his  health,  he  was  informed  by  his 
friend,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bosworth,  D.D.,  the  distinguished  Anglo- 
Saxon  scholar  and  writer,  that  the  University  of  Oxford  had  passed 
the  '*  act  "  granting  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  ;  but  his  state  tjf  health 
prevented  his  presence  at  the  encaenia. 

It  was  on  the  sudden  demise  of  Dr.  Bowman,  the  coadjutor  of 
Bishop  Alonzo  Potter,  that  Dr.  Stevens  was  chosen  to  the  assistant 
bishopric  of  the  diocese  of  Pennsylvania.  His  consecration  took 
place  in  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Philadelphia,  Jan.  2,  1862.  His 
consecrators  were  Bishops  Hopkins,  Alonzo  Potter,  Horatio  Potter, 
Alfred  Lee,  Clark,  H.  W.  Lee,  and  Odcnheimcr.  In  1865  Bishop 
Stevens,  on  the  death  of  Bisho])  .Alonzo  Potter,  became  diocesan  of 
Pennsylvania. 

During  I^ishop  Stevens's  episcopate  the  see  of  Pennsylvania  was 
twice  divided,  the  ilit)cese  of  Pittsburg  having  been  formed  in  1865, 
and  the  diocese  of  Central  Pennsylvania  in  1871.  In  1868  Bishop 
Stevens  was  appointed  by  the  presiding  bishop  to  take  charge  of  the 
foreign  churches  connected  with  the  American  Church  established 
on  the  continent  of  Europe,  which  position  he  held  for  six  years, 
making  extensive  visitations  throughout  his  charge,  and  rendering 
an  exliaustive  and  most  interesting  report  of  the  work  which  had 
been  already  done  and  the  prospective  openings  awaiting  the  fur- 
ther efforts  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States  in  this  important 
field.  Bishop  Stevens's  connection  with  the  temporary  chapel  and 
church  work  at  the  first  Paris  Exposition,  and  his  founding  of  the 
American  Episcopal  Church  in  Paris,  as  well  as  his  efforts  in  be- 
half of  the  various  reform  movements  on  the  Continent,  are  note- 
worthy events  in  an  episcopate  of  almost  invariable  success.  Ali\e 
to  the  needs  and  opportunities  of  the  Church  on  the  continent  of 
Europe,  Bishop  Stevens  also  displayed  a  fervent  zeal  for  the  foreign 
missionary  work,  which  made  him  a  leader  in  all  the  general  mis- 
sionary operations  of  the  Church  abroad. 

In  the  Church's  educational  work  the  bishop  was  equally  inter- 
ested and  successful.  The  noble  foundation  of  Lehigli  Universitw 
by  the  Hon.  Robert  Packer,  was  made  through  him,  and  the  insti- 
tution was  shaped  in  accordance  with  his  advice.  The  Divinity 
School  at  West  Philadelphia  received  large  gifts  through  his  influ- 
ence, and  was  an  object  of  his  fostering  care.  The  Episcopal  Hos- 
pital had  in  him  an  intelligent  ad\-iser,  an  enthusiastic  friend,  and  a 
hearty  supporter;  while  numerous  other  charitable  organizations 
and  institutions  claim  him  as  founder  and  friend.  He  was  an  elo- 
quent speaker,  an  impressive  preacher,  a  charminj^  writer,  a  man  of 
courtly  manners  and  of  great  affability.      He  was  a  careful  student, 


WILLIAM  HACOX  SI'EVEXS.  153 

a  well-read  theologian,  clecpl_\-  interested  in  all  humanitarian 
measures,  and  preeminentl}'  a  man  of  God.  His  more  than  a 
quarter-century  of  episcopal  ser\ice  will  ever  be  rememberetl  as  a 
period  of  unprecedented  Church  growth,  of  which  he  was  largely 
the  inspirer,  and  ever  the  competent  and  interested  director.  His 
devotion  to  the  study  of  God's  Word,  his  habits  of  private  prayer, 
his  consecration  of  every  moment  of  life  to  his  Master's  service, 
made  him  an  apostle  indeed,  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  "  angel  " 
of  the  Church  under  his  charge. 

Bishop  Stevens  died  in  Philadelphia,  June  1 1,  18S7,  antl  was 
buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  James  the  Less,  in  that  cit\'. 

WijRKs.  —  I.  "  E)iscnurse  before  the  </.eoigia  Historical  Society  "  (1S41J  ;  2.  "  History 
of  Silk-culture  in  Georgia"  (1841):  j.  "  History  of  Georgia"  (2  vols.,  1847,  1S61);  4. 
"  Parables  of  the  New  Testament  Practically  Unfolded  "  (1855) ;  5.  "  Consolation :  The 
Bow  in  the  Cloud"  (1855);  6.  "Home  -Service  "  (1856) ;  7.  "  The  Lord's  Day:  Its 
Obligations  and  Blessings  "  ;  8.  "Past  and  Present  of  St.  Andrew's,  Philadelphia  "  ;  9."The 
Sabbaths  of  our  Lord  "  (1872) ;  10.  A  volume  of  sermons  ( 1S79) ;  11.  Discourses  jirinted 
abroad  and  at  home;  12.  Charges,  pastoral  letters,  episcopal  addresses,  funeral,  patriotic, 
and  occasional  sermons,  tracts,   reviews,  pamphlets,  etc. 

He  edited  the  first  and  second  volumes  of  the  "  Georgia  Historical  Society  Col- 
lections," and  wrote  the  preface  to  the  same.  The  bishop's  sermon  at  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  London,  at  the  close  of  the  Lambeth  Conference  of  187S,  and  published  in 
London  and  in  this  country,  elicited  the  fullest  commendations  of  all  who  heard  it,  and 
is  a  discourse  of  lasting  value.  The  Memorial  edition  of  his  "  Parables  "  (1887)  contains 
a  sketch  of  the  author's  life. 


^ 


r 


■^ 


RIGHT   RHX'EREND   RICHARD  HOOKER   WILMHR,   D.D. 


IRicbarb  1F3ooI^^ct  Milincr. 


The  second  bishop  of  Alabama  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Va., 
March  15,   I  8  16. 

He  was  graduated  at  Yale,  1S36,  and  completed  the  course  of 
study  preparatory  to  ordination  at  the  Virginia  Theological  Semi- 
nary, 1839.  He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  the  Monumental 
Church,  Richmond,  Va.,  on  Easter  day,  March  31,  1839,  by  Bishop 
Channing  Moore,  who  ad\anced  him  to  the  priesthood,  Easter  day, 
April  19,  1840,  in  the  same  church.  His  ministry  was  silent  (i''^3u- 
43)  at  St.  Paul's,  GriDchland  Countv,  and  St.  John's,  Mu\-aiina 
County,  \'a.  ;  1843-44  he  was  rector  of  St.  James's  Church,  Wil- 
mington, N.  C.  ;  1844-49  '""-'  ^\'t^^  ill  charge  of  Grace  and  Wickliffe 
churches,  in  Clarke  County,  Va.  ;  1850-53  he  officiated  at  Emman- 
uel Church,  Loudon  County,  and  at  Trinity,  Eauquier  County,  Va.  ; 
and  from  1853  to  October,  185S,  he  had  charge  of  St.  Stephen's  and 
Trinity,  Bedford  County,  \'a.  In  1858  he  became  rector  of  llm- 
manuel  Church,  Henrico  County.  He  received  the  doctorate  in 
divinity  from  William  and  Mary  College,  1859,  and  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  South,  1883.  The  University  of  Cambridge  conferred 
.ip')n  him  the  LL.D.,  1867. 

He  was  consecrated  bisho])  of  Alabama  in  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Richmond,  Va.,  March  6,  1862,  b\-  Bishops  Meade,  Elliott,  and  Johns. 

At  the  close  of  the  Ci\  il  \\'ar  the  bishop  of  Alabama  resisted  the 
order  of  the  military  authority  of  the  United  States  requiring  pray- 
ers for  the  dc  facto  government.  This  action  of  the  bishop,  result- 
ing in  the  temporary  closing  of  the  churches  throughout  the  see 
and  the  restriction  of  episcopal  ministrations  to  pri\'ate  houses  or  to 
churches  without  the  limits  of  the  military  rule,  established  for  all 
time  to  come,  in  this  land  at  least,  the  principle  that  in  spiritualities 
the  Church's  rule  is  supreme.  The  offensive  action  of  the  depart- 
ment commander  was  shortly  re\-ersed  by  higher  authl}rit^^ 

Wilmer's  episcopate  has  been  able,  \igorous,  and  abundant  in 
results.  He  is  a  sound  theologian,  a  delightful  writer,  a  wise  and 
impartial  administrator,  an  earnest  preacher,  and  a  bra\-e  and  fear- 
less prelate.  Beloved  by  his  people,  revered  by  his  brethren,  re- 
spected by  all  classes  and  conditions,  a  wise  counselor,  an  impartial 
judge,  a  ca]3able  and  cle\-er  man  of  affairs,  his  administration  is 
historic,  and  will  ever  be  hehl  in  remembrance. 

WiiRK^.  —  I.  "Recent  fast  from  a  Snutlurn  Stan.l|...int  "  I  a  dclii^htful  volume  nf 
reminiscences:  1887);  2.  "Guide-books  fur  Voiint;  Cluirclimen  "  (iSSq);  ,5.  Convention 
addresses,  pastorals,  sermons,  etc. 

155 


\>^^: 


RIGHT  RtVEREND  THOMAS  HUBBARD  VAIL,  D.D.,   LI,.D. 


XTbomas  IT^ubbavb  IDail 


BoKN  in  Richmond,  Va.,  but  of  New  England  parentage,  Oct.  21, 
1S12,  the  first  bishop  of  Kansas  was  baptized  by  the  Re\-.  Dr. 
Buchanan  at  tlie  Monumental  Church  of  his  native  city. 

On  the  death  of  his  father  the  family  returned  to  the  North. 
Vail  was  graduated  at  Washington  (now  Trinity)  College,  1831,  and 
completed  his  studies  for  orders  at  the  General  Theological  Semi- 
nary, 1835.  He  was  made  a  deacon  by  Bishop  Brownell,  June  2q, 
1835,  and  was  priested  by  Bishop  Griswold,  Jan.  6,  1837. 

During  his  diaconate  Vail  officiated  for  a  time  as  assistant  to 
Dr.  Wainwright,  rector  of  St.  Paul's,  ]ioston,  and  while  ser\iiig  in 
this  capacity  organized  All  Saints'  Church,  Worcester,  Mass.  In 
1837  lis  became  rector  of  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  where  he  re- 
mained till  his  remii\-al  to  Connecticut  in  1839,  to  take  charge  of 
St.  John's  Church,  Essex.  In  1844  he  became  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Westerly,  R.  I.,  where  he  remained  for  fourteen  }-ears.  In 
1857  he  became  rector  of  St.  Thomas's  Church,  Taunton,  Mass., 
and  in  November,  1863,  entered  upon  the  rectorship  of  Trinity 
Church,  Muscatine,  la.  He  was  a  deputy  from  Rhode  Island  to 
the  General  Convention  while  at  Westerh'.  He  recei\'ed  the  doc 
torate  in  divinity  from  Brown  Uni\'ersit\-,  1858.  In  1875  the 
University   of  Kansas  gave   him    the   doctorate   of   laws. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Kansas  in  Trinity  Church,  Mus- 
catine, la.,  Dec.  15,  1864,  b_\-  Bishops  Kemper,  Whitehouse, 
H.  W.  Eee,  and  Bedell.  He  died  at  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.,  Oct.  6,  1889, 
and  was  buried  at  Topeka,  Kan.  His  administration  was  earnest 
and  effecti\e.  He  was  a  man  of  courth'  manners,  agreeable  in  his 
bearing,  gracious  to  all  men.  He  founded  Bethany  College,  a 
school  of  the  higher  culture  for  girls,  at  Topeka,  Kan.,  and  by  his 
devoted  labors  and  earnestness  in  the  pursuit  of  his  high  calling 
entleared  himself  to  all  hearts  and  secured  universal  respect. 

\\'*>RKs.  —  I.  "Plan  and  Outline,  with  Selection  nf  IJooks,  of  a  Public  Library  in 
Rhode  Island"  (1838);  2.  "Hannah"  (1839);  3.  "The  Comprehensive  Church" 
(1841);  4.  "Sermon  at  the  Consecr.ition  of  the  Chapel  of  Griswold  College"  (1S63);  5. 
Addresses,  pastorals,  reports,  and  occasional  discourses. 

A  volume  of  charges  h.as  been  published  since  his  death.  He  edited  Rev.  H.  F.  Lyte's 
"Buds  of  Spring,"  with  preface  and  memoir  (1838J. 


XO; 


RIGHT  REVERUND  ARTHUR  CLEVELAND  COXE,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


Hrtbur  Clcvclanb  (Tore, 


The  coadjutor  to  the  noble  De  Lancey,  and  his  successor  after  a 
few  months  of  assistantship,  Arthur  Cleveland  Coxe,  poet,  preacher, 
author,  prelate,  was  born  at  Mendham,  N.  J.,  May  lo,  1818. 

The  son  of  a  distinguished  Presbyterian  divine,  and  a  descendant 
of  a  missionary  in  colonial  days  of  the  Society  for  the  Propaga- 
tion of  the  Gospel,  Coxe,  ha\ing  become  an  earnest  Churchman, 
passed,  directly  on  graduating  at  the  University  of  New  York,  in 
the  class  of  1838,  to  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  where  he 
completed  his  studies  for  holy  orders  in  1 84 1.  He  was  made  a 
deacon  by  Bishop  15.  T.  Onclerdonk  in  St.  Paul's  Cha]jL-l,  Nfw\'iirk, 
June  -?7,  icS4i,  and  was  pricsted  in  St.  John's,  Ilartfnrd,  Conn., 
Sept.  25,   1842,  by  l^ishop  ]5rownell. 

His  tliaconate  was  mostl)'  spent  at  St.  Ann's,  Morrisania, 
New  York.  Removing  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  he  became  rector  of 
St.  John's  Church,  where  he  continued  until  1854,  when  he  entered 
upon  the  charge  of  Grace  Church,  Baltimore.  In  1863  he  removed 
to  New  York,  and  was  rector  of  Calvary  Church  until  his  consecra- 
tion. While  in  Baltimore  he  was  elected  bishop  of  Texas,  which 
office  he  declined.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  tli\init\'  from 
St.  James's  College,  Hagerstown,  Rid.,  in  i85(),  and  from  Trinity, 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1868,  and  again  from  the  Uni\-ersit\-  of  Durham, 
Erigland,  in  1888.  He  recei\-ed  the  doctorate  C)f  laws  from  Kenyon 
College,  Gambler,  O.,  in  1S68. 

Dr.  Coxe  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  t<>  the  first  bisliop  of 
Western  New  York  in  Trinit_\-  Church,  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  4,  1865, 
by  Bishops  De  Lancey,  Hopkins,  McCoskry,  H.  Potter,  Odenheimer, 
and  J.  C.  Talbot.  On  April  5th  of  the  same  i,"ear  Bishop  De  Lancey 
dieil,  and  Bishop  Co.xe  became  the  diocesan  of  the  see. 

In  1872  the  missions  of  the  Church  in  Hayti  were  placed  under 
the  episcopal  care  of  the  bishop  of  Western  New  York.  Late  in  the 
year,  at  no  little  personal  sacrifice,  lie  made  a  visitation  of  the  island, 
consecrating  the  Church  of  the  Hol\-  Trinit_\%  a  memorial  of  Bishop 
George  Burgess,  ordaining  six  priests  and  five  deacons,  meeting  the 
clergy  of  the  mission  in  convocation,  and  administering  confirmation 
to  large  numbers  of  candidates.  Bishop  Coxe  retained  the  charge 
()f  the  Havtian  Church  until  tlie  consecration  of  its  own  bishop,  Dr. 
J.  T.  Holly,  in  1S74. 

159 


100  THE    EI'ISCOrAIF    l.\  AMERICA. 

]5ish(ip  Coxc  slamls  ])i"CL-niiiient  aiiKMiL;  tht-  American  bishojjs. 
In  college  and  seminary  cla\s  he  produced  many  of  his  "  Cliristian 
J^allads,"  which  have  won  for  him  the  hearts  of  Churchfolk  all  over 
the  world.  Mis  first  \-isit  to  England  and  the  continent  of  Europe 
awoke  the  sympath}-  of  ICnglish  and  American  Churchmen  in  the 
efforts  for  reform  in  tlie  Roman  communion  ;  while  his  "  Impres- 
sions of  England  "  is  a  loving  tribute  to  the  charms  of  the  "  old 
home  "  as  recognized  by  all  Americans  with  Churchly  tastes.  Tlie 
Anglo-Continental  Society,  which  has  done  so  much  to  disseminate 
on  the  Continent  a  knowledge  of  Anglican  catholicity,  is  largely  an 
outgrowth  of  the  publication  in  Oxford  of  his  "  Sympathies  of  the 
Continent."  E\er  prominent  in  his  advocacy  of  the  Church's  home 
and  foreign  mission  work,  a  determined  opponent  of  all  changes  in 
the  text  of  our  English  Bible,  a  fearless  advocate  of  social  reform  and 
Christian  purity,  a  liturgiologist,  a  critical  patristic  scholar,  a  polished 
writer,  an  eloquent  j)reacher,  with  most  winning  manners  and  most 
agreeable  in  society,  Coxe's  quarter-century  and  more  of  the  episco- 
pate lias  been  an  epoch  in  the  annals  of  his  diocese.  He  is  to-day 
a  leader  of  religious  thought,  a  molder  of  men,  a  lover  and  bishop 
of  souls. 

Works. — i.  "Advent :  A  Mystery  "  (1837) ;  2.  "Athwold  "  (three  cantos,  1838) ;  3. 
"Christian  liallads"  (1840;  republished  in  England  1849,  and  again  and  again  at  home 
and  abroad) ;  4.  "Athanasion  "  (1840) ;  5.  "Athanasion,  and  Other  Poems  "  (1842) ;  6. 
"Hallowe'en"  (privately  printed  1842;  published  1844);  7.  "Saul:  A  Mystery  "  (1845) ; 
8.  "  The  Bible  Rhyme"  (1873) ;  9.  "  The  l.adye  Chace  "  (1877,  improved  and  enlarged 
edition  of  "Athwold") ;  10.  "  The  Paschal  "  (1889 ;  new  edition  1893).  The  above  are 
j)ocms. 

II.  "  .■\b>nlution  and  Confession"  (1850);  12.  "Sermons  on  Doctrine  and  Duty" 
(i<**55)!  I.5-  "  Thoughts  on  the  Services"  (1859;  enlarged  edition  i860;  republished  in 
England;  sixteen  American  editions);  14.  "The  Criterion"  (1866;  republished  in  Eng- 
land); 15.  "Moral  Reforms"  (1869);  16.  "  Apollos ;  or,  The  Way  of  God"(i87i; 
English  edition  1874);  17.  "  L'fipiscopat  de  I'Occident  "  (Paris,  1874);  18.  "  Elements 
of  Ecclesiology  "  (1874) ;  19.  "  Covenant  Prayers  "  (1875) ;  20.  "  Institutes  of  Christian 
History"  (Baldwin  Lectures  for  1886). 

Of  sermons  the  bishop  has  printed  the  following:  i.  "The  Household  of  Faith" 
(1846) ;  2.  "  Seventy  Years  Since"  (1848) ;  3.  "A  Citvnot  Forsaken  "  (1849);  4.  "  The 
Priesthood  and  the  People"  (Oxford,  1851);  5.  "'The  Faithful  Witness"  (1S52); 
6.  "The  New  Dogma"  (1855);  7.  "  Counsels  of  Unity  "  (1S56) ;  8.  "  Truth  and  the 
Times  "  (186-;) ;  9.  "  The  Mocking  of  Ishmael  "  (1863) ;'  10.  "  The  Liturgy  of  Heaven  " 
fi864);  II.  "The  Ministry "  (1864) ;  12.  "Restoration  of  Unity "  (1865) ;  13.  "A 
Father  in  Christ"  (1865);  14.  "Scriptural  Bishoprics  "  (1866) ;  15.  "  Choice  of  a 
Bishop"  (18681  ;  16.  "  Practical  Wisdom  "( 1868) ;  17.  "Death  of  Bishop  Burgess" 
(1869);  18.  "The  Corporate  Witness  "  (1874);  19.  "The  Anglican  Cathedral"  (Can- 
ada, 1875);  20.  "  The  Russian  War"  (1877). 

Translations  and  edited  works:  i.  Wilberfnrce's  "  Eucharistica"  (1842);  2.  ''  Sym- 
pathies of  the  Continent;  or.  Proposals  for  a  New  Reformation,"  by  John  Baptist  von 
Hirscher,  D.D.  (Oxford,  1852) ;  3.  I.aborde  on  "The  Immaculate  Conception  "  (1855); 
4.  "Morals  of  Liguori  "  (1856);  5.  Croswell's  "  Poems,  with  Biography  "  (i860) ;  6. 
Mrs.  Sherwood's  "Stories,"  with  emendations  (i860) ;  7.  "  The  Churchman's  Calendar  " 
(annually,  1861-66) ;  8.  Guettee's  "  Pap.acy"  (1866) ;  9.  Archbishop  Leighton's  "  Mod- 
erate Episcopacv  "  (1868) ;  10.  Bishop  Burgess's  "  Poems,  with  Critical  Review  "  (1869) ; 
II."  The  Ante'-Nicene  Fathers  "  (8  voN.,  1S84-87). 

Pamphlets,  lectures,  etc.  :  I.  "  Revivalism  in  the  Church  "  (1843);  2.  Tracts  xiv.,  xv., 


ARTIILK    CLK\-EI.A.\D    CUXE.  161 

xvi.,  of  Parker's  series  ((Oxford,  1S50) ;  3.  "  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of  Arr.is  "  (Oxford, 
1856);  4.  "  Letter  on  Dr.  Muhlenberg's  Memorial"  (iSjb);  5.  "  Apology  for  the  Eng 
lish  ISible"  (1857);  6.  "  Mixed  Societies"  (1857);  7.  "  Memorial  of  Carey  and  Patter- 
son" (1858);  8.  "  Fixed  Principles"  (1859);  9.  Three  tracts  (1859);  10.  "Address  of 
Christian  Unity  Society"  (1864);  II.  "Letter  to  Father  Nestor  "  (1865) ;  12.  "Ex- 
position of  the  General  Convention  of  1865  "  (1865) ;  13.  "  The  Moravian  Episcopate  " ; 
14.  "  Signs  of  the  Times  "  (1S69) ;  15.  "  Letter  to  Pius  I.\."  (1S69) ;  16.  "  Lectures  on 
Prophecy"  (1871);  17.  "Catholics  and  Roman  Catholics"  {1874);  18.  Addresses, 
charges,  etc. 


"Vjte-;s 


^P^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHARLES  TODD  QUINTARD,   D.D..  LL.D. 


Cbavlcs  Zobb  (auintavb. 


The  successor  of  tlie  apostolic  Ote_\'  in  the  episcopate  of  Ten- 
nessee was  born  at  Stamford,  Conn.,  Dec.  22,  1824. 

He  was  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  New  Ycirk. 
receiving  his  M.D.,  1846.  In  185  i  he  was  appointed  profes.sor  of 
physiology  and  anatomy  in  the  Medical  College  at  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Relinquishing  his  practice,  he  comjjleted  a  course  of  studv  for 
orders,  and  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Calvary  Ciuirch, 
Memphis,  Jan.  i,  1855,  b_\-  l^ishop  Ute}-,  who  priested  him  in  the 
-same  church,  Jan.  6,  1856.  His  first  and  or;l}-  j)arish  was  the 
Church  of  the  Athent,  Nashville.  During  the  Ci\il  War  he  was  a 
chaplain  in  the  Confederate  armw  and  b\'  his  dt-xnted  labors  w  cm 
the  respect  and  regard  of  officers  and  men. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  chosen  to  the  ^•acant  episcopate 
-f  Tennessee.  His  consecration  took  place  in  St.  Luke's  Clnirch, 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  I  l,  1865,  during  the  session  of  the  General  Con- 
v'ention.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Hopkins,  Burgess,  Atkin- 
son, Bedell,  Odenheimer,  Ste\ens,  and  Coxe,  together  with  the 
Most  Re\'.  Francis  Fulford,  bishop  of  Montreal  and  metropolitan. 
Columbia  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity,  1866,  and 
the  following  year  he  received,  at  the  time  of  the  Lambeth  Confer- 
ence, the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws  from  Cambridge. 

Ouintard's  administration  has  been  marked  by  the  revival  and 
de\elopment  of  the  Church  in  Tennessee.  He  will  be  held  in  ever- 
lasting memory  as  the  second  founder  and  father  of  the  University 
of  the  South.  The  measures  undertaken  by  him  for  the  university 
began  on  the  very  day  of  his  consecration.  Not  a  \estige  of  build- 
ings had  escaped  the  desolations  of  war.  \\'ea\-ing  together  a  rude, 
rustic  cross,  the  bishop  planted  the  symbol  of  our  redemption 
where  a  noble  theological  hall  now  stands,  and  thereupon  set  about 
the  plans  he  had  adopted,  which,  after  a  little  more  than  a  quarter- 
century,  attest  the  foresight,  the  judgment,  the  dexotion  of  Sewanee's  ,  crQ<^ 
great-hearted  founder  and  Wx^riA.  Kt.  eiiuJ- U^  M*^djx^  ^a.  iS  ViUr  /^(T. 

W'liRKS. — Prior  to  liis  ordination  Quintard  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  medical 
journals.  In  liis  active  career  as  a  bi.shop  and  a  builder  of  cliurches  and  college  halls  he 
has  published  little,  thouy;h  at  present  engaged  on  an  historical  work.  "A  Plain  Tract 
on  Confirmation  "  and  "  Preparation  for  Confirmation,"  reprinted  again  and  again,  with 
addresses,  etc.,  comprise  the  list  of  his  printed  works. 


163 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ROBERT  HARPER  CLARKSON,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


IRobcvt  1[3avpcv  Clarhson. 


The  first  bishop  of  Nebraska  was  a  grandson  of  the  Re\'.  Josepli 
Clarkson,  the  first  deacon  upon  whom  White  laid  hands  in  ordina- 
tion on  his  return  from  England  as  a  bishop.  He  was  born  in  Get- 
tysburg, Pa.,  Nov.  19,  1826. 

Graduating  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  1844,  he  pur- 
sued his  studies  for  orders  at  St.  James's  College,  Hagerstown,  Md., 
and  was  ordained  to  the  diaconate  in  the  college  chapel,  June  18, 
1848,  by  Bishop  Whittingham.  Called  to  the  charge  of  St.  James's 
Church,  Chicago,  1849,  he  was,  on  reaching  the  canonical  age,  ad- 
vanced to  the  priesthood  in  the  chapel  of  Jubilee  College,  by  Bishop 
Philander  Chase,  Jan.  5,  1851.  He  remained  in  charge  of  St. 
James's  Church  for  twenty  _\'ears.  During  the  most  of  this  time  he 
was  a  deputy  to  the  General  Convention  from  Illinois,  and  when 
electetl  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Nebraska  and  Dakota  was 
an  assistant  secretary  of  the  House  of  Deputies.  He  received  the 
doctorate  in  divinity  from  Racine  College,  1857,  and  the  doctorate 
of  laws  from  the  University  of  Nebraska,  1872. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  his  parish  church,  No\-.  15,  1865. 
The  consecrators  were  Bishops  Hopkins,  Kemper,  McC<)skr\-, 
H.  W.  Lee,  Whipple,  and  Talbot.  In  1868  the  Church  in  Nebraska 
organized  as  a  diocese  and  was  recei\-ed  into  union  with  the  General 
Convention.  Clarkson  was  chosen  as  the  diocesan  of  the  new  see. 
He  accepted  the  election,  1 870,  retaining  the  missionary  jurisdiction 
of  Dakota  until  late  in  i88v  He  died  March  10,  18S4,  and  was 
buried  beside  the  walls  of  the  cathedral  in  Omaha. 

Clarkson  possessed  e\'ery  quality  neetled  for  a  successful  episco- 
pate. Winning  in  his  address,  lovable  in  character,  considerate  of 
all  men,  conservati\-e  in  his  judgments,  impartial,  devoted  to  his 
duty,  and  not  sparing  himself,  he  was  preeminently  a  man  of  God; 
and  as  a  faithful  priest,  or  as  a  bishop  whose  work  was  that 
of  a  pioneer,  he  was  a  builder  on  foundations  he  had  himself  laiil, 
and  was  faithful  to  e\-ery  trust,  while  his  reward  is  above. 

W.iRKS.  — I.  "  Sliall  this  House  Lie  \\'aste  ?  "  (iSjo);  2.  "  Consider  the  Years" 
(1X59);  3.  "Wliat  am  I  tliat  I  Shoul.i  Witlistaii.l  floif?  "  (iS65);4.  "  Slietch  of  the 
Life  of  Bishop  White  "  ( 1876)  ;  5.  "  In  >[enioriani,  W.  B.  ( >i;(len,"  a  paper  read  before 
the  Chicago  Historical  Society  (1S77);  6.  Missionary  reports,  etc. 


165 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  MAXWELL  RANDALL,   D.D. 


(Bcoroc  HDaywell  IRanbalL 


Born  in  Warren,  R.  I.,  Xnv.  2},.  1810,  and  t(raduatt.-d  at  Brown 
University,  in  1835,  George  Maxwell  Randall  pursued  his  theo- 
logical studies  in  New  York  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary, 
completing  his  course  in  1838. 

He  was  ordered  deacon  in  St.  Mark's  Church  in  his  nati\'e  to\\-n, 
July  17,  1838,  by  Bishop  Griswold,  wiio  advanceti  him  tn  the 
priesthood,  Xhn'.  2,  183^.  His  first  cure  was  the  Church  of  the 
Ascension,  ]*"all  Ri\er,  Mass.  In  1844  he  became  rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Messiah,  Boston,  where  he  remained  until  elected  to 
the  missionary  episcopate.  He  recei\ed  his  doctorate  in  di\inity 
from  his  alma  mater  in  1856;  was  a  dei)ut\'  to  the  General  Con- 
ventions, 1S50-63;  and  was  secretary  of  the  House  of  Deputies, 
1862-65. 

He  was  consecrated  missionary  bish<;p  of  Colorado  in  Trinit)' 
Church,  Boston,  Dec.  28,  1865,  by  liishcjps  Hopkins,  Boswurth 
Smith,  Eastburn,  Carlton  Chase,  Clark,  and  \'ail,  together  with  the 
bishop  of  Honolulu,  Sandwich  Islands,  Dr.  Thomas  Nettleship 
Staley.  Entering  upon  his  work  with  the  acti\ity  and  enthusiasm 
which  had  characterized  his  entire  ministerial  career.  Bishop  Ran- 
dall laici  foundations,  educational,  parochial,  and  spiritual,  on  which 
he  was  not  permitted  to  build.  After  nearly  eight  \-ears  of  unre- 
mitting toil,  he  died  in  Den\cr,  Colo.,  Sept.  28,   1873. 

Works. — i.  "  Why  I  am  a  Cliunhinan  "  (ujnvani  of  150,000  of  thi-.  tract  liave  lueii 
i-ssuecl) :  2.  "  Oli^ervations  on  Confirmation  "  ;  3.  Occasional  iliscourscs.  ejiiscopal  ail- 
dresses,  missionary  reports,  pastorals,  etc.  I)r.  Randall  was  e<litor  ol  the  "  Christian 
Witness  and  Church  Advocate,"  Boston,  for  many  years. 


167 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   BARRETT  KERFOOT,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


5obn  BaiTctt  1f<cvtoot. 


In  1865  the  western  portion  of  the  diocese  of  Penns_\lvania  was 
set  apart  as  a  new  see,  and  received  its  name  from  its  chief  cit\\ 
The  first  bishop  of  the  diocese  of  I'ittsburi;-  was  born  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  March  i,  1816. 

Brought  to  the  United  States  at  the  age  of  three  years,  he  grew 
up  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  was  graduated  at  Dr.  Muhlenberg's  insti- 
tute at  Flushing,  L.  I.,  known  subsequently  as  St.  Paul's  College. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  St.  George's  Church,  Flush- 
ing, March  I,  1837,  and  was  priested  March  I,  i  S40,  in  the  same 
place,  in  each  case  by  Bishop  B.  T.  Onderdonk.  He  was  the 
chaplain  and  an  assistant  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  at  St.  Paul's 
College,  1837-42.  In  the  latter  year  he  became  the  head  of 
St.  James's  College,  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  occupied  this  position 
until  1864,  when  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  Trinity  College, 
Hartford,  Conn.  After  two  years'  incumbency  as  the  head  of  this 
institution,  he  was  cliosen  bishop  of  Pittsburg.  He  recei\-ed  the 
doctorate  in  divinity  from  Columbia  in  1850,  and  again  from  Trinity 
in  1865.  He  was  made  a  doctor  of  laws  by  the  LTni\-ersity  of  Cam 
bridge,  England,  at  the  Lambeth  Conference  of  1867. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  Trinity  Church.  Pittsburg,  Jan.  23 
1866.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Hopkins,  Mcllvaine,  W'hit- 
tingham,  John  Williams,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Co.xe,  and  Clarkson.  The 
bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Stevens,  who  had  done  so  much  to 
bring  about  the  creation  of  the  see  and  its  successful  organization, 
was  prevented  by  sudden  and  extreme  illness  from  participating  in 
the  consecration.  Bishop  Kerfoot  was  a  man  of  strong  intellect, 
wide  scholarship,  varied  accomplishments,  judicial!}-  impartial  in  his 
decisions,  and  laborious  in  the  exercise  of  his  vocation.  He  died 
at  Myers\-ille,  Somerset  County,  Pa.,  July  10,  1S81.  His  remains 
were  interred  at  Homewood  Cemetery,  Pittsburg. 

WiiRKS.  —  I.  In.iiigurathm  address  as  president  of  Trinity  College  (1864) ;  2.  Sermon 
at  the  consecration  of  Ei-.liop  .\rmitage  (1866);  3.  Semi-centennial  sermon  Nefore  the 
Board  of  Missions  (1S71):  4.  Sermon  preached  at  the  consecration  of  Bishop  Pinkney  ; 
5.  College  and  convocational  sermons  ;  6.  Convention  addresses,  pastorals,  etc.  Bishop 
Kerfoot  contributeil  a  lecture  on  "Inspiration"  to  the  Philadelphia  Lectures  on  the 
Evidences  {1853-54).  See  "  Life,  with  Selections  from  his  Diaries  and  Correspondence." 
by  Hall  Harrison"(2  vols.,  1886). 


'^'Vm, 


1/.^^'  ^« 


^fc^^Tlf  fM 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHANNING   MOORE  WILLIAMS,  D.D. 


Cbannino  HDoorc  MilUame. 


The  successor  to  the  elder  Boone  as  missionary  bishop  of  the 
American  Church  in  China,  ami  the  first  bishop  of  Yedo,  havini^- 
jurisdiction  in  Japan,  was  a  nati\e  of  \'irginia,  and  was  born  in 
Richmond,  July  1 8,  1849. 

He  was  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College,  1853,  and  two 
years  later  completeil  his  course  of  study  for  orders  at  the  Virginia 
Theological  Seminar)'.  His  ordination  to  the  diaconate  by  Bishop 
Meade  took  place  in  St.  Paul's,  Alexaniiria,  July  I,  1835.  In 
No\'ember  of  the  same  \'ear  he  sailed  for  China.  He  receixed 
priest's  orders  from  Bishop  Boone  in  the  Mission  Chapel,  Shanghai, 
Jan.  II,  1857.  By  request  of  the  Foreign  Committee  he  was  trans- 
ferred, shortly  after  his  ordination  to  the  priesthood,  to  Japan. 

Ch(.sen  to  succeed  the  excellent  Boone  (with  the  added  care  of 
Tapan)  b}-  the  Church  in  General  Convention,  October,  1865,  he  was 
consecrated  in  St.  John's  Chapel,  New  York,  Oct.  3,  1866,  by 
Bishops  Hopkins,  Alfred  Lee.  Johns,  Payne,  Horatio  Potter,  and 
Whipple.  He  received  the  degree  of  doctor  of  di\inity  from  Colum- 
bia in  1867.  The  Church  in  General  Convention  in  1874  divided 
the  see  of  Bishop  Williams,  assigning  to  him  the  oversight  of  Japan, 
and  giving  him  the  title  of  bishop  of  Yedo. 

After  long,  faithful,  self-denying,  and  successful  service  the 
bishop  resigned  his  jurisdiction,  in  October,  1889,  and  after  a  brief 
interval  of  rest  has  resumed  work  in  the  field  to  which  his  Hie  has 
been  consecrated,  under  the  e])isc<ii)al  oxersight  of  his  successor. 
Bishop  McKim. 

Works. — Missionary  reports,  tr;^ll^lations  <•(  |...rtions  of  the  Scriptures  and  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  Manuals,  ami  catechetical  works,  etc. 


RIGHT  RbVEREND  JOSEPH   PERE  BELL  WILMER,  D.D. 


Joseph  pcvc  Bell  Milinei\ 


Born  in  Swedesborough,  X.  J.,  Feb.  ii,  1812;  graduated  first 
at  the  Universit)"  of  Virginia,  in  1831,  and  at  Kenyon  College, 
Gambier,  O.,  in  18  Vi ;  <ind  completing  his  theological  course  at  the 
Virginia  Seminary  the  following  year,  Wilmer  was  ordained  to  the 
diaconate  by  Bishop  Channing  Moore,  in  St.  Paul's,  Alexandria,  Va., 
July  10,  1834,  and  received  priest's  orders  from  the  hands  of  the 
same  bishop  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Petersburg,  May,  183S. 

His  ministry  was  spent  from  1834  to  1838  at  St.  Anne's, 
Albemarle,  Va.  For  nearly  a  }ear  he  was  the  chaplain  of  the 
University  of  Virginia,  at  Charlottt-sxillc.  In  1839  he  became  a 
chaplain  in  the  United  States  army.  In  1843  he  resigned  his  military 
charge  and  accepted  the  cure  of  Hungar's  parish,  Northampton 
County,  Va.,  after  which  he  was  for  several  years  in  charge  of 
St.  Paul's,  Goochland  County.  In  1848  he  accepted  the  rectorship 
of  St.  Mark's,  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War.  Returning  to  Virginia,  he  remained  on  his 
estate  until  his  election  to  the  episcopate.  In  1837  Union  College 
conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Louisiana  in  Christ  Church.  New 
Orleans,  Nov.  7,  1866,  by  Bishops  Hopkins,  Green,  R.  Ii.  Wilmer, 
and  Ouintard.  He  died  suddenly  in  New  Orleans,  Dec.  2,  18 78. 
His  remains  rest  in  Greenmount  Cemetery,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Bishop  Wilmer  was  universally  beloved.  His  episcopal  ministra- 
tions were  sought  for  and  highly  valued  outside  of  the  limits  of  his 
own  branch  iif  the  Catholic  Church  of  Christ.  His  soundness  in  the 
faith,  his  devotion  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  his  \-aried  talents 
and  holy  example,  will  e\er  be  remembered,  not  alone  in  his  see, 
but  throughout  the  Church  in  the  United  States. 

Works. — A  few  occasional  discourses,  episcopal  atklrcsses,  pastoral  letters. 


ip 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  DAVID  CUMMINS,   D.D. 


(BcovGC  Bavib  Cuininins. 


The  founder  of  what  is  popularly  known  as  the  "  Cummins 
Schism"  was  born  in  Kent  Count}-,  Del.,  Dec.   I  I,  1822. 

He  was  graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1841.  He 
received  deacon's  orders  in  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Wilmington,  Del., 
Oct.  26,  1845,  from  Bishop  Alfred  Lee,  who  advanced  him  to  the 
priesthood  in  the  same  church,  July  6,  1847.  His  ministry  was 
spent  at  Christ  Church,  Norfolk,  and  St.  James's,  Richmond,  Va.  ; 
Trinity,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  St.  Peter's,  Baltimore;  and  Trinity, 
Chicago.      He   received   the   doctorate   in   di\init\-  from  Princeton, 

1857- 

He  was  consecrated  assistant  bishop  of  Kentucky  in  Christ 
Church,  Louisxille,  Nov.  15,  1866,  by  Bishops  Hopkins,  Bosworth 
Smith,  H.  W.  Lee,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Ouintard,  and  Clarkson.  In 
November,  1873,  he  communicated  to  the  presiding  bishop,  his 
own  diocesan,  his  resignation  of  his  episcopal  ofifice  and  his  with- 
drawal from  the  Church  in  the  United  States.  In  the  following 
month  he  presided  at  the  primary  organization  of  what  is  commonly 
known  as  the  Reformed  fCpiscopal  Church.  He  was  formalh-  de- 
posed from  his  ofifice  and  ministry  as  a  bishop  of  the  Church  of  God 
by  the  presiding  bishop.  June  24,  1874. 

He  died  at  Luther\'ille,  Baltimore  Count}",  Md.,  June  20,  1S76. 

Works.  — I.  "Sketch  of  Life  of  Rev.  William  ^[.  Jackson"  (1856);  2.  "Life  of 
Mrs.  Virginia  Hale  Hoffman,  late  of  the  P.  E.  Mission  to  Western  Africa"  (iSjQ);  3. 
Occasional  sermons;  4.  Numerous  publications  respecting  the  organization,  the  objects, 
and  the  claims  of  the  Reformed  Episcopalians.      See  "  Memoir  "  by  his  wife  (1879). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WII.LIA.W   EDMOND  ARMITAGE,  D.D. 


Milliain  ]E^1non^  Hnnitaoc, 


Born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Sept.  6,  1830,  and  graduated  at 
Columbia  College,  1849,  and  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary, 
1852,  the  coadjutor  and  successor  of  the  apostolic  Kemper  in  the 
see  of  Wisconsin  received  the  diaconate  in  the  Church  of  the 
Transfiguration,  New  York,  June  27,  1852,  from  Bishop  Carlton 
Chase,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  St.  Mark's,  Augusta,  Me.,  Sept. 
27,  1854,  by  Bishop  George  Burgess. 

His  first  position  was  that  of  assistant  minister  at  St.  John's, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  from  which  he  was  called  to  St.  Mark's, 
Augusta,  Me.  Here  he  remained  until  called  to  the  rectorship  of 
St.  John's,  Detroit,  which  he  held  when  elected  to  the  episcopate. 
He  received  his  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Columbia  College  in  1866. 

He  was  consecrated  coadjutor  bishop  of  Wisconsin  in  St.  John's, 
Detroit,  Dec.  6,  1866,  by  Bishops  Kemper,  McCoskry,  H.  \\'.  Lee, 
Whipple,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Coxe,  Clarkson,  Kerfoot,  and  Cummins,  to- 
gether with  the  bishop  of  Huron,  Canada,  Dr.  Cronvn.  ( )ii  the 
death  of  I^ishop  Kemper  he  became  the  diocesan  of  Wisconsin. 

He  died  in  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New  York,  Dec.  7,  1873.  His 
remains  were  interred  in  Detroit,  Mich.  He  was  a  scholar,  a  pol- 
ished writer,  an  earnest  preacher,  a  wise  administrator.  His  early 
death  deprived  the  Church  in  the  L^nited  States  of  the  efficient  ser- 
vices of  a  most  promising  and  holy  bishop. 

WiiRKS. — Episcopal  addresses  and  DtTicial  piapers.  He  edited  "  Hymns  for  Sunday- 
schools." 


RIGHT   REVEREND  HENRY   ADAMS  NEELY,  D.D. 


Copyright  by  Amlc 


1[3cnr\>  H^a1n6  1KlccI\>. 


The  successor  of  the  devout  and  gifted  George  Burgess  in  the 
frontier  see  of  Maine  was  born  in  Fayetteville,  Onondaga  County. 
N.  Y.,  May  14,  1830. 

Following  his  graduation  at  Geneva  College,  1849,  he  w^^  '']'- 
pointed  a  tutor  in  his  alma  mater,  which  post  he  retained  until 
1852.  He  was  made  a  deacon  in  Trinity  Church,  Gene\a,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  19,  1852,  by  Bishop  De  Lancey,  who  priested  him  in  Trinity, 
Uti.a,  June  18,  1854.  His  ministry  was  spent  at  Calvary  Church, 
Utica,  1853-55  '  Christ  Church,  Rochester,  1855-62  ;  and  as  chaplain 
of  Hobart  College,  1862-64,  In  the  autumn  of  1864  he  became  an 
assistant  minister  of  Tjinity,  New  York,  where  he  remained  until 
his  consecration.  He  recei\ed  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  his 
alma  mater,  1866. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Maine  in  Trinit\-  Chapel,  New  ^'ork, 
Jan.  25,  1867,  by  Bishops  Hopkins,  John  Williams,  Horatio  Potter, 
Odenheimer,  Clarkson,  and  Randall.  On  his  removal  to  his  see 
he  became  rector  of  St.  Luke's  Church,  Portland,  which  was  made 
the  cathedral  of  the  diocese.  I,ater  a  noble  cathedral  church  was 
erected.  This  fine  structure  was  consecrated  St.  Luke's  day,  Oct. 
18,  1877.  Bishop  Neely  has  ser\'ed  for  a  number  of  years  as  chair- 
man of  the  House  of  Bishops.  He  is  an  earnest  and  able  worker, 
conser\'ative  in  his  views,  a  well-reatl  ami  sound  theologian,  antl  a 
scholar  of  wide  culture. 

Wi.iRKs. — Occasional  scrniuns,  episcopal  addresses,  and  other  official  jiapers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  DANIEL  SYLVESTER  TUTTLE,   D.D. 


IDanicl  S\>lvcetcr  lEuttlc. 


Born  at  Windham,  Greene  County,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  26,  1837,  and 
graduated  at  Columbia  in  1857,  and  at  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  New  York,  in  1862,  Tuttle  was  ordained  a  deacon  in 
the  Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  New  York,  June  29,  1862,  by 
Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Zion 
Church,  Morris,  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.,  July  19,  1863.  His  only 
charge  was  at  Morris,  first  as  an  assistant  minister,  and  then,  on  the 
decease  of  the  rector,  as  incumbent  of  the  cure.  He  received  the 
doctorate  in  divinity  from  Columbia  College,  1867,  and  from 
Sewanee,  1886. 

When  elected  by  the  Church  in  General  Ccmxentinn  to  the  mis- 
sionary episcopate  of  Montana,  Idaho,  and  Utah.  Tuttle  had  not 
attained  the  canonical  age  for  consecration.  It  was  not  until 
May  I,  1867,  that  he  was  set  apart  for  his  work.  The  service  took 
place  in  Trinity  Chapel,  New  York.  The  consecrators  were  Bishops 
Hopkins,  Horatio  Potter,  Odenheimer,  Randall,  Kerfoot,  and  Neely. 

After  nearly  twenty  years  of  pioneer  work,  in  which  he  was 
busied  in  laying  foundations  and  in  setting  in  order  the  Church  in 
the  vast  territories  committed  to  his  care,  Tuttle,  whose  "  praise 
was  in  all  the  churches,"  was  elected  to  the  see  of  Missouri  on  the 
death  of  the  lamented  Robertson.  He  had  refused  prior  offers  of 
translation,  but,  after  due  consideration  of  the  circumstances  of  this 
"  call,"  he  resigned  the  mission  work  intrusted  to  his  care  and 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  diocesan  of  Missouri,  the  third  in 
succession  from  the  missionary  episcopate  of  the  apostolic  Kemper. 

Works. — Mission.iry  reports  and  papers,  Convention  acUIres.ses,  pastorals,  and  official 
coniniunicatinns  tc  his  mission  and  diocesan  clergy. 


RIGHT   REVERHND  JOHN    FRIilfMAN   YOUNG,   D.D. 


3obn  J^rccman  l!?ouiu3. 


The  successor  of  Rutledge,  the  first  diocesan  of  the  see  of  Florida, 
was  born  in  Pittston,  Kennebec  County,  Me.,  Oct.  30,   1820. 

Educated  at  the  VVesleyan  Seminary  at  Readfieltl  in  his  nati\e 
State,  and  entering  the  Wesleyan  Uni\ersity  at  Middletown,  Conn., 
he  became  a  con\ert  to  tiie  Church,  and,  removing  to  Virginia, 
was  graduated  at  the  Theological  Seminar}-  at  Alexandria  in  1845. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  by  Bisliop  Henshaw  in  St. 
Michael's  Church,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  April  20,  1845,  ^^'id  was  ordained 
priest  by  Bishop  Stephen  Elliott  in  St.  John's  Church,  Tallahassee, 
Ela.,  Jan.  11,  1846.  His  ministry  was  spent  in  Florida,  at  St. 
John's,  Jackson\  ille  ;  in  Texas,  as  a  missionary  in  Brazoria  County  ; 
in  Mississippi  at  Livingston,  Madison  County;  and  in  Louisiana  at 
Napoleonville,  Assumption  Parish.  After  these  Southern  experi- 
ences he  became  an  assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York, 
where  he  served  until  he  was  chosen  to  the  episcopal  office.  He 
received  the  degree  of  doctor  of  di\init}'  from  Columbia  College 
in  1865. 

Young  was  the  secretar}' of  the  primary  CoiU'ention  lield  in  1848 
for  the  organization  of  the  diocese  of  Texas.  He  was  the  secretar)- 
of  the  Russo- Greek  Committee  of  the  General  Convention,  and 
edited  the  papers  issued  by  that  committee  in  furtherance  of  the 
intercommunion  of  the  Eastern,  Anglican,  and  American  Churches. 
In  1864  he  visited  Russia  in  the  interest  of  this  mo\-ement. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Trinity  Church.  New  York,  Jul}'  25,  1867, 
by  Bishops  Hopkins,  Payne,  Gregg,  Odenheimer,  R.  H.  W'ilmer,  and 
Cummins.  After  a  busy  episcopate,  in  which  the  varied  abilities  of 
the  bishop  were  called  into  abundant  exercise,  he  died  in  New  York, 
N(>\'.   15,  1885,  and  his  remains  were  buried  at  Jackson\"ille,  Fla. 

Works. — I.  "  Dcvoticmal  Manual  for  Canilidatts  for  I  'onlirnialion  "  ;  2.  "  Hymns  an. I 
Music  for  the  Young"  (2  vol.s. ) ;  j.  (Jccasional  t-iiscourses,  Con\enti<in  aildrcssLs,  j>as- 
torals,  reports,  etc. 


183 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   WATRUS  BECKWITH,  D.D. 


John  Matni8  Bcclnvitb. 


The  successor  of  the  eloquent  l^lliott  in  the  see  of  Georgia  was 
born  in  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Feb.  y,  1831,  antl  was  graduatetl  at  Trinity 
College,  Hartford,  1852. 

He  received  deacon's  orders  in  St.  James's,  Wilmington,  N.  C, 
May  24,  1854,  from  Bishop  Atkinson,  who  ad\anced  iiini  to  the 
priesthood  in  Emmanuel  Church,  Warrenton,  May  20,  1855.  After 
service  in  his  native  State  at  Calvary  Church,  W'adesboro',  Beckwith 
removed  to  Maryland,  where  he  took  charge  of  AllTiallows'  pari.sh, 
Washington  Ciiunty.  He  continued  in  this  charge  until  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he  removed  to  Alabama,  where  he 
became  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Demopolis.  At  the  return  of 
peace  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Trinity  Church,  Xew  Orleans, 
where  he  remained  until  his  advancement  to  the  episcopate.  He 
received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Trinit\-  College,  Harth>rd, 
and  from  the  University  of  Georgia,  1868. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  St.  John's  Church,  Sawannah, 
April  2,  1868.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Green,  Atkinson, 
R.  H.  Wilmer,  J.  P.  B.  Wilmer,  and  Young.  After  an  episcopate 
marked  by  material  and  spiritual  prosperity  and  development  lie 
died  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Nov.  2t,,  1890. 

The  second  bishop  of  Georgia  was  eloquent,  scholarly,  de\'out. 
He  was  a  leader  of  men,  and  both  in  his  see  and  in  the  general 
councils  of  the  Church  he  wieldetl  a  decided  influence.  As  the 
founder  of  Church  institutions,  as  a  furtherer  of  the  Church's  ad- 
vance, as  a  wise,  conser\'ative  master  builder,  he  was  a  model  bishop 
of  the  church  of  God. 

Works. — Episcopal  addresses.  I.tinten  charges,  occasional  Convention  and  contro- 
versial discourses.  Bisliop  Beckwitli  contributed  to  "Tlie  History  of  the  American 
Episcopal  Church,"  by  the  bishop  of  Iowa,  an  interesting  monograph  on  Bethesda  College, 
founded  near  Savannah  by  George  Whitefield. 


18s 


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■*•— -Hk 


V 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FRANCIS  McNEECE  WHITTLE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


jfrancis  HDclRccce  Mbittle. 


A  NATIVE  of  the  State  over  wliich  he  was  in  his  maturity  to 
exercise  spiritual  jurisdiction,  the  fifth  bishop  of  Virginia  was  born 
in  Mecklenburg  County,  July  7,  1823,  and  was  graduated  at  the 
Theological  Seminary  near  Alexandria  in  1847. 

He  was  made  a  tieacon  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Alexandria,  July 
16,  1847,  ^■•'"l  ■^^''is  advanced  to  the  "  higher  degree"  in  St.  Jnhn's 
Church,  Charleston,  Va.,  Oct.  8,  1848,  b_\-  Bishop  Meade.  His 
ministry  was  spent  at  Kanawha  parish,  Kanawha  Count)' ;  St. 
James's,  Northam  parish,  Goochland  County;  and  Grace  Church, 
Berry ville,  Va.  In  1857  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  St.  Paul's, 
Louisville,  Ky.,  where  he  remained  until  April,  1868.  He  recei\ed 
his  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Kenyon,  1867,  and  his  doctorate  of 
laws  from  William  and  Mary  College,  1873. 

May  17,  1867,  he  was  elected  coadjutor  bishop  of  Virginia.  His 
consecration  took  place  at  St.  Paul's,  Alexandria,  Va.,  April  30,  1868. 
His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Johns,  Alfred  Lee,  and  Bedell.  On 
the  death  of  Bishop  Johns,  in  1876,  he  became  the  diocesan.  The 
following  year  the  western  portion  of  the  see  was  erected  into  a  new 
diocese  corresponding  to  tlie  limits  of  the  State  of  West  Virginia. 
In  1893  the  diocese  of  Suuthern  \'irginia  was  created  out  of  the 
remainder  of  the  see,  and  Bishop  Coadjutor  Randolph,  became  the 
dioce.san  thereof. 

Bishop  Whittle's  episcopate  has  been  made  noteworthy  by  a 
remarkable  development  in  material  and  spiritual  matters.  He  has 
witnessetl  the  division  of  his  see  and  its  great  growth  in  churches  and 
communicants,  and  in  the  amount  of  its  charitable  cijntributions. 

\V(.iRKS. — Episcopal  addressee  and  occasional  sermons. 


RIGHT  RBVEREND  WILLIAM   HLNRY  AUGUSTUS  BISSELL,  D.D. 


Milliain  1F3cnt\>  Huoustus  BissclL 


The  successor  of  the  eloquent  and  accomplished  Hopkins  was 
born  in  Randolph,  \'t.,  No\-.   lo,   1814. 

He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  the  State  of  Vermont, 
1836.  He  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  Calvary  Church, 
New  York,  Sept.  29,  1839,  by  Bishop  B.  T.  Onderdonk,  who  ad- 
vanced him  to  the  priesthood  in  Christ  Church,  Tmy,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
2,  1840.  Bissell  served  at  Trinity,  West  Tro_\-,  1841-45  ;  at  Grace, 
Lyons,  N.Y.,  1845-48;  and  at  Trinity,  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  1848-68.  He 
received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Norwich  Universit\%  1852; 
from  Hobart,  1858;  and  from  the  University  of  Vermont,  1876. 

He  was  consecratetl  bishop  of  Vermont  in  Christ  Church,  Mont- 
pelier,  Vt.,  June  3,  1868,  by  Bishops  RlcCoskr}",  John  Williams,  H. 
Potter,  Cnxe,  and  Neely.  He  died  May  14,  1893.  Bissell  passed 
from  an  unusually  successful  rectorate  to  the  episcopate.  His  ad- 
ministration was  wise  and  conservative.  He  was  untiring  in  labors 
and  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  e\-ery  duty.  Retiring  in  manners 
and  unobtrusive  in  the  exercise  of  his  episcopal  functions,  his  worth 
was  known  by  all  who  came  within  the  sphere  of  his  influence,  and 
his  death  was  universally  regretted. 

Works. — Episcopal  addresses  and  iifticial  papers. 


1S9 


RIGHT   RBVEPEND  CHARLES   FRANKLIN    ROBHRTSON,   D.D. 


Cbavlcs  jFvanhlin  IRobcvtson, 


The  second  bishop  of  the  Church  in  Missouri  was  born  in 
New  York,  March  2,  1835. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale,  1859,  antl  ot  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  1862.  He  was  ordained  to  the  diaconate  in  the  Church 
of  the  Transfiguration,  New  York,  June  29,  1862,  by  Bishop 
Horatio  Potter,  who  priested  him  in  St.  Mark's  Church,  Malone, 
N.  Y,,  Oct.  23d  of  the  same  year.  He  remained  in  charge  of  St. 
Mark's,  Malone,  until  Sept.  i,  1868,  when  he  accepted  the  rector- 
ship of  St.  James's,  Batavia,  N.  Y.  The  election  of  Robertson  to 
the  episcopate  of  Missouri  prevented  his  entrance  upon  this  new 
field  of  labor.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  di\init\-  from  Columbia 
College,  1868. 

Dr.  Robertson  was  consecrated  bishop  in  d'ace  Church,  New 
York,  Oct.  25,  1S68,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  McCoskr_\-,  Johns, 
H.  W.  Lee,  H.  Potter,  and  Lay.  After  a  laborious  episcopate, 
marked  by  the  conscientious  performance  of  every  detail  of  the 
duties  of  his  office  and  the  careful,  conservative,  and  impartial  dis- 
charge of  his  \-aried  and  abundant  labors,  he  dietl  in  St.  Louis, 
Mail,  1886. 

WiiKKs. — Ili!,toric;U  papers,  episco]ial  aililrcssc-s,  cli.irges,  pastorals,  etc.,  of  wliii.li 
note  "  The  Churchman's  .Answer  as  to  tlie  History  ami  Claims  of  the  Protestant  E|iisco- 
pal  Church"  (1878). 


PIGHT  REVEREND  BENJAMIN   WISTAR   A\ORRIS,   D.D. 


iBciijantin  Mistar  ni>ord8. 


The  second  bishop  of  the  Church  in  Oregon  and  W^ashiagton 
Territory  was  born  in  WelLsboro',  Pa.,  May  30,  18 19. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  1846. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  diaconate  in  St.  Philip's  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, June  28,  1846,  and  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Matthew's,  Sun- 
bury,  Pa.,  April  27,  1847,  by  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter.  After  four 
years'  service  at  Sunbury  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  St.  Davitl's, 
Manayunk,  Philadelphia,  continuing  in  charge  of  tiiis  parish  for 
six  years.  He  then  became  assistant  minister  of  St.  Luke's,  Ger- 
mantown,  Philadelphia,  remaining  in  this  position  until  his  election 
to  the  missionary  episcopate.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity 
from  Columbia  and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1868. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Luke's  Church,  Philadelphia,  FJec.  3, 
1868,  by  Bishops  Alfred  Lee,  Odenheimer,  Vail,  Clarkson,  Randall, 
and  Kerfoot.  The  missionary  jurisdiction  of  Oregon  was  made  into 
a  diocese  in  1S89.  Previous  to  tliat  date,  in  1880,  Washington  Ter- 
ritory was  separated  from  the  jurisdiction  o{  Oregon,  Morris  retain- 
ing charge  of  the  latter  jurisdiction. 

Bishop  Wistar  Morris's  episcopate  has  been  one  of  singular  de- 
votion and  marvelous  success.  The  educational  institutions  of  the 
diocese  under  his  fostering  care  have  been  developed  and  placed 
on  permanent  foundations.  The  charitable  organizations  have  been 
made  a  feature  of  his  successful  work.  Churches  have  been  multi- 
plied, endowments  secured,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  diocese  in 
both  spiritualities  and  temporalities  assured.  Few  bishops  have  seen 
such  marked  results  of  their  devotion  and  work,  and  tlie  episcopate 
of  the  second  missionary  bishop  and  the  first  diocesan  of  Oregon 
will  ever  be  remembered  in  our  ecclesiastical  annals. 

Works. — i.  "  Presliylerian,  I!a])tist.  ami  Methodist  Testinionv  to  Confirniation  "  ; 
2.  Missionaiy  reports.  Convention  aililresscs.  sermons,  and  other  official  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ABRA.W   NEWKIRK   LITTLEJOHN,  D.D. 


Copyright,  18S9,  by  Anderson. 


Ebvain  flcvvhirh  Xittlcjobn. 


The  dixisioTi  (if  the  see  of  New  York  b_\-  the  cutting  ofif  of  West- 
ein  New  York  in  1838  was  followed  after  a  k)ng  interval  by  the 
creation  out  of  the  remainder  of  the  original  diocese  of  the  sees  of 
Albany,  Central  New  York,  and  Long  Island.  The  first  bishop  of 
Lung  Islan<l  was  boin  in  l^'lorid.t,  MoiUgoniei-y  Count)-,  N.  Y., 
Dec.    13,   1S24. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Union  C(ille;.4e,  1845.  lie  recei\-ed 
deacon's  orders  in  St.  Peter's  Church,  ^Auburn.  N.  \'.,  March  iq, 
1S4.S,  from  De  Lancey,  and  was  adxanced  to  the  priesthood  in 
Christ  Church,  Hartford,  Conn.,  June  12,  1844,  by  Brownell.  His 
ministry  was  spent  at  St.  Ann's,  y\nisterdam,  N.  Y.  :  St.  Andrew's, 
Meriden,  Conn.  ;  Christ,  Springtield,  ALiss.  ;  and  .St.  Paul's,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  rcmainctl  185  1-60,  when  he  became  rector 
of  Holy  Trinity,  Brookl_\-n,  where  he  continued  until  his  consecra- 
tion. In  1858  he  declined  the  presidency  of  Geneva  College.  h"or 
se\'en  \'ears,  while  rectni-  of  .St.  Paul's,  New  Haven,  he  was  lecturer 
on  pastoral  theology  in  the  l^erkeley  Di\'inity  School,  lie  was 
chosen  bishop  of  Central  New  Ymk.  but  declined  the  election.  He 
was  given  a  D.D.  b}'  the  L^nivcrsity  of  I'emisylvania,  1858. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  church,  Jan.  27,  1869,  by  Bishops  H. 
Potter,  Johns,  Odenheimcr,  Coxe,  Clarkson,  Randall,  Kerfoot,  Neely, 
and  Morris.  Li  1874  he  recei\ed  the  appointment  of  the  charge  of 
the  foreign  churches  on  the  continent  of  Pairope,  in  virtue  of  which 
assignment  he  consecrated  the  Church  of  .St.  Paul's-within-the- 
W'alls,  Rome,  and  opened  the  American  Church  of  the  Holy  Trin- 
ity, Paris.  He  deli\'ered  a  course  of  lectures  before  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  England.  Li  recognition  of  liis  scholarship,  his  cul- 
ture, and  the  \'alue  of  his  contributions  to  theology,  that  university 
conferred  upon  him  the  tloctorate  of  laws,  1880. 

WuHKS.  —  Kcview.s  :  i.  "  I'liil.isuphy  of  Religion  "  ;  2.  "  Metaphysics  of  Cousin  "  ;  3. 
"  Life  and  Writings  of  t'oleridge  "  ;  4.  "  Poetry  of  (Jeorge  Herbert";  5.  "  Stephens's 
'  Lectures  on  the  History  of  France  '  "  ;  6.  "  Rogers's  '  EcHpse  of  Faith  '  "  ;  7.  '  liililc  and 
Common  Sense";  S.  "Outwardness  of  Popuhir  Religion";  q.  "Human  Progress"; 
10.  "  The  .\lt-Catholic  Movement."  .■\mong  his  many  sermons  we  note  the  discourse  at 
the  consecration  of  St.  Paul's-within-the-Walls,  Rome. 

His  volume  publications  .are:  I.  "  Conciones  ad  Clerum  "  (iSSo)  ;  2.  "  Discourses  on 
Individualism,  before  the  University  of  Cambridge"  (1880);  3.  "  Christian  Dogma  Es- 
sential "  (1SS2)  ;  4.  "The  Christian' Ministry  at  the  Close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century" 
(lectures  on  the  Bishop  Paildock  foundation  .at  the  Ceneral  Theological  Seminary,  1884). 


RIGHT  RHVHREND  WILLIAM  CROSVVELL   DOANE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


Copyright  by  H.  S.  Mendelssohn. 


Milliant  Cvoswell  IDoanc, 


A  SOX  of  the  great  bishop  of  New  Jerse\-,  and  inheriting  liis 
father's  abiUties  and  varied  gifts,  the  first  bishop  of  Alban\-  was  born 
in  Boston,  March  2,  1832. 

He  was  educated  at  Burhiigton  College,  New  Jersey,  which  his 
father  liad  founded,  and  from  which  he  received  the  degrees  of 
B.A.,  M.A.,  and  l-i.D.  His  father  admitted  liim  to  the  order  of 
tleacons  in  St.  Mary's,  Burlington,  March  6,  1853,  and  priested 
him  in  the  same  church,  March  16,  1856.  His  ministry  was  spent 
at  St.  Barnabas's  and  St.  Mary's,  Burlington,  at  St.  John's,  Hartforti, 
and  at  St.  Peter's,  Albany.  He  received  his  Dl).  fiom  Columbia, 
1867,  and  later  from  Trinity.  In  i  S89  the  Uni\ersit\-  of  O.xford 
conferred  upon  him  tlie  D.D.,  and  the  Unixersity  of  Caml.iridge 
the  LL.D. 

Doane  was  consecrated  in  his  own  ciuirch,  St.  Peter's,  Albany, 
Feb.  2,  1869,  by  Bisliops  H.  Potter,  Odenheimer,  Neely,  Robertson, 
and  Littlejohn.  His  administration  has  been  marked  with  great 
success.  The  successful  founding  of  St.  Agnes's  School  for  girls, 
the  organization  and  erection  of  the  cathedral,  and  a  noble  record 
of  charitable  institutions  founded  and  fostered,  churches  and  rec- 
tories built,  endowments  secured,  and  advances  made  in  spiritual  as 
well  as  material  affairs,  have  made  the  episcopate  of  the  first  bishop 
of  Albany  glorious.  In  addition  to  home  labors  Bishop  Doane  has 
also  had  for  years  the  charge  of  the  foreign  cluirclies. 

Works. — i.  "Questions  on  the  Collects,  Kpistles,  ani.1  Oospels";  2.  "Mosaics; 
or,  the  Harmony  of  Collect,  Epistle,  and  Gospel  for  the  Sundays  of  the  Christian  Year  " 
(1881);  3.  "  Addresses  to  St.  Agnes's  Gr.adu.ates  "( 1S91) ;  4.  "  Life  and  Writings  of  the 
Seconil  Bishop  of  New  Jersey"  (4  vols.,  8vo)  ;  5.  "  Sunshine  and  Playtime"  (verses  for 
chililren,  1893);  6.  Numerous  sermons,  addresses,  and  official  papers.  Doane  was  a 
leailing  member  of  the  committees  of  the  General  Convention  appointed  to  prepare  and 
rcp<irt  the  St.andard  Prayer-book  of  1892  and  the  Hymnal  of  the  same  year. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FREDERIC  DAN  HUNTINGTON,  D.D.,   LL.D.,   I..H.D. 


jFvcbcvic  Bail  1F3utitinoton, 


Descended  from  a  distinguished  New  England  ancestr_\-,  the  son 
of  a  Puritan  minister  of  repute,  Frederic  Dan  Huntington  was  bi,iin 
in  Hadley,  Mass.,  Ma\-  28,  1819,  and  was  graduated  from  Amlierst, 
1839. 

Completing  a  course  in  the  Di\inity  School  of  Har\artl,  1842,  he 
was  in  charge  of  a  Unitarian  congregation  in  Boston  for  thirteen 
years,  holding,  1855-60,  the  Plummer  professorship  of  Ciiristian 
morals  in  Har\-ard,  and  serving  as  universit\-  preacher.  Conforming 
to  the  Church,  he  received  confirmation  in  Christ  Church,  Cam- 
bridge, on  the  feast  of  the  Annunciation,  i860,  and  was  admitted 
to  deacon's  orders  in  Trinity,  Boston,  Sept.  12,  1 8f)0,  by  l-Sishop 
Eastburn,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  the  Church  of  the 
Messiah,  Boston,  Marcli  19,  1861.  He  became  rector  of  Emmanuel 
Church,  which  he  had  foLuuled,  and  where  he  remained  until  his 
election  to  the  episcopate.  He  receixed  from  iiis  alma  mater  his 
D.D.  and  LE.D.  In  recognition  of  his  tiistinguished  literary  ser- 
vices the  Uni\'ersity  of  S\-racuse  added  to  his  degi'ees  that  of  L.H.D. 
Columbia  also  ga\e  him  the  D.D. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Central  New  \'iirk  in  his  own 
church,  April  8,  1869,  b}-  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  Eastburn, 
H.  Potter,  Clark,  Coxe,  Neeh',  Morris,  and  W.  C.  Doane.  His  ad- 
ministration has  been  marked  by  a  great  development  of  Church 
activities  and  a  grow^th  which  has  placed  the  diocese  in  the  front 
rank  of  American  sees.  He  is  recognized  as  a  wise  leatler,  a  sound 
theologian,  a  fascinating  writer,  and  a  scholar  of  the  widest  culture. 
Conservative  in  his  Churchmanshi]),  judicial,  impartial,  and  able,  fle- 
vout,  earnest,  and  true,  his  bishopnic  has  indelibly  impressed  itself 
on  the  see. 

Works.  —  I.  "Sermons  for  tlie  People";  2.  "Lessons  on  tlic  I'araliles  of  onr 
Saviour";  3.  "Christian  Relieving  and  Living"  (several  eilitions);  4.  "  Slc]>s  to  a 
Living  Faith"  (1870);  5.  "  Christ  and  the  World"  (1S-4);  6.  Lowell  and  Graham  Lec- 
tures on  "  The  Divine  Aspects  of  Human  Society  "  ;  7.  "  Helps  to  a  Holy  Lent "  (two 
series);  8.  "Righteousness  of  God  the  Authority  for  Uprightness  in  Man"  (1875); 
9.  "  Christ  in  the  Christian  Year  and  in  the  Life  of  Man  "  ( lS77) ;  10.  "  Common  Things 
of  Divine  Service"  (1877);  II.  "Home  and  College  L'nconscious  Tuition"  (1878); 
12.  "  Sermons  on  the  Christian  Year"  (2  vols.,  1881);  13.  "Good  Talking  and  Good 
Manners"  (1887);  14.  "  Forty  Davs  with  the  Master"  (completing  the  Lenten  series, 
1K91);  15.  Numerous  historical  papers,  addresses,  etc.  He  has  edited  (with  Dr.  F.  D. 
Hedge)  "  Hymns  for  the  Church  of  Christ,"  "  Elim  ;  or.  Hymns  of  Holy  Refreshment," 
and  "  Lyra  Domestica."  He  has  also  edited  Mountford's  "  Martyria,"  "  F.uthanasy." 
"Christianity  the  Deliverance  of  the  Soul  and  its  Life,"  and  Whately's  "Christian 
Morals."     He  was  founder  and  for  some  years  editor  of  the  "Church  Monthly." 

199 


Xau^ 


.,S- 


RIGHT  REVEREND  OZl   WILLIA.W   WHITAKER,  D.D. 


m  Milliam  Mbitahcr. 


Born  at  New  Sak-m,  Mass.,  May  lO,  1830,  and  graduating  at 
Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  1856,  the  first  bishop  of  Nevada  and 
the  fifth  of  Pennsylvania,  after  teaching  for  several  years,  completed 
his  studies  for  orders  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  1863. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Grace  Church,  l^oston, 
Jul\-  15,  1S63,  by  Bishop  Eastburn,  who  advanced  hini  to  the  priest- 
hiiiiLl  in  St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  in  the  same  city,  Aug.  7th  of  the 
same  year.  His  ministry,  with  the  exception  of  two  years'  rector- 
ship at  St.  Paul's,  Englewood,  N.  J.,  was  spent  in  Nevada,  first  at 
Gold  Hill,  in  St.  John's  parish,  and  then  as  rector  of  St.  Paul's, 
Virginia  City.  Elected  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Ne\-ada  by 
the  Church  in  General  Convention,  October,  1868,  he  received  his 
doctorate  in  divinity  from  Kenyon  College  the  following  year,  and 
was  consecrated  in  St.  George's,  New  York,  Oct.  13,  1869,  by 
Bishops  Mcllvaine,  H.  Potter,  Eastburn,  Odenheimer,  and  J.  C.  Tal- 
bot. After  long  and  faithful  service  in  this  frontier  field  he  was 
elected  bishop  coadjutor  of  Pennsylvania  in  1886,  and  succeeded 
Stevens  as  diocesan,  June,  18S7. 

He  brought  to  the  arduous  duties  of  his  new  field  of  labor  the 
wide  and  varied  e.xperiences  he  had  gained  in  his  missionary  see. 
He  has  been  a  faithful  administrator,  a  wise  and  capable  judge,  an 
earnest  and  tireless  worker. 

WiiRKs. — Occasional  sermons,  cpiscoi)al  adt.lrcsscs.  and  otlicr  official  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY   NILES  PIERCE,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


1[3cnr^  1Rilc8  pierce. 


A  XAI'IVK  i>f  Rhode  Island — a  State  which  has  furnished  to  the 
American  Church  hah  a  dozen  members  of  the  House  of  Hisliops 
— and  born  in  Pawtucket,  Oct.  19,  1820,  Pierce  (who  is  a  descen- 
ilant  of  the  Richard  Percy  who  founded  Pearce  Hall,  York,  Englanil, 
in  the  sixteenth  century)  was  (graduated  at  Brown  Uni\ersity,  1842  ; 
was  ordered  dcacim  in  Christ  Church,  Matagorda,  Texas,  bv  Bishop 
Freeman,  April  2,.  1 848  ;  and  priested  Jan.  3,  1849,  in  the  same 
church,  by  the  same  bish.op.  His  ministry  was  s]jent  in  Washington 
Co.,  Texas,  where  he  planted  the  Church  ;  at  Christ  Church,  Mata- 
gorda, Texas,  1852;  at  Trinit}-,  New  ( )rleans,  1854;  at  St.  Paul's, 
Railway,  N.  J.,  1855;  at  St.  John's,  Mobile,  Ala.,  1857;  and  at  St. 
Paul's,  Springfield,  111,  where  he  was  rector  from  1868  until  his  elec- 
tion to  the  episcopate.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  diocese 
of  Texas.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  the  Uni\ersity 
of  Alabama,  Tuscaloosa,  1 862,  and  the  doctorate  of  laws  from  William 
and  Mary  in  1869.  Pie  has  also  received  the  doctoiate  from 
Sewanee. 

Pierce  was  consecrated  missionary  bi'-ho])  of  Arkansas  and  the 
Indian  Territory  in  Christ  Church,  Mnbile,  Jan,  25,  1870,  by  Bish- 
ops Green,  Whitehouse,  R.  H.  \\  ilmer,  (Juintanl,  J.  P.  B.  Wilmer, 
and  Young. 

During  the  Ci\il  War  Arkansas  was  recognized  by  the  Council 
of  the  Chuich  in  the  Confederate  States  as  a  diocese.  After  the 
return  to  unity  this  action  was  not  confirmed  till  in  the  primar)- 
Coin'ention  Bishop  Pierce  \\'as  chosen  the  diocesan.  In  1892  the 
Indian  Territory  was  made  into  a  separate  jurisdiction. 

Bisho]:)  Pierce's  episcopate  has  been  a  struggle  and  a  success.  He 
has  with  no  little  pains  organized  and  erected  his  cathedral,  and 
developed  about  it  the  Church  acti\'ities  which  make  it  a  center  of 
spiritual  life.  His  scholarship,  his  poetic  fire,  his  thoughtful  and 
cultured  discourses,  his  command  of  a  graceful  style,  and  his  earnest 
devotion  to  the  duties  of  his  office  will  long  be  remembered,  nut 
only  in  the  scene  of  his  labors,  but  throughout  the  Church. 

\Viii:K^.  —  I.  "The  .Agnostic. "  a  volume  iif  jiueiiis  (1SS3;;  2.  Sermon.s,  addressee, 
translatiniis,  and  iiiisccll.ineous  pamphlets. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  WOODRUFF   NILES,  D.D. 


Milliam  Moobmff  IRilcs. 


The  successor  of  the  excellent  Carlton  Chase  in  the  see  of  New 
Hampshire  was  a  native  of  the  province  of  Lower  Canada  (now  Que- 
bec), having  been  born  in  Hatley,  May  24,  1832. 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  1857,  and  completed  his 
course  of  theological  study  at  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  1861. 
He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Middle- 
town,  May  22,  1 86 1,  by  Bishop  John  Williams.  He  was  priested 
May  14,  1862,  in  St.  Philip's,  Wiscasset,  Me.,  by  Bishop  Burgess. 
His  alma  mater  made  him  a  tutor  directly  on  his  graduation  and  he 
was  also  instructor  in  the  Hartford  High  School  for  three  years.  His 
first  ministerial  charge  was  St.  Philip's,  Wiscasset.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  professor  nf  the  Latin  language  and  literature  in  Trinity 
College,  which  position  he  held  until  his  election  to  the  e}jiscopate. 
From  1868  t(T  1S70  he  atldeti  tn  his  professorial  duties  the  charge 
of  St.  John's  Church,  Warehouse  Point. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Concord,  N.  H.,  Sept. 
21,  1870,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  J.  Williams,  Neely,  Bissell, 
and  Doane,  together  with  the  bishop  of  Quebec,  Dr.  James  W'illiam 
Williams.  He  recei\-ed  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Trinity  Col- 
lege the  year  of  his  consecration,  and  later  from  Dartmouth. 

A  scholar,  a  well-read  theologian,  and  an  earnest  and  devoted 
preacher,  the  administration  of  Bishop  Niles  has  witnessed  an  un- 
wonted de\-elopment  in  a  staid  old  New  ICngland  see.  He  has 
been  wise,  impartial,  moderate  in  his  views,  sound  in  his  teachings, 
and  careful  in  his  judicial  decisions.  Li  the  molding  and  shaping 
of  St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H.,  he  has,  with  its  founder.  Dr. 
Shattuck,  of  Boston,  and  its  late  head,  the  Re\'.  Dr.  Coit,  done  a 
noble  work  for  the  Church. 

Works. — (.'onvcnlion  addresses  and  pastoral  letters.  He  was  an  early  editor  of  the 
"  Churchman." 


RIGHT   REVEREND  WILLIAM   PINKNEY,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


riioto  by  \V.  C.  Babcock,  Ironi  painting  by  Miss  Helen  Frances  Colbu 


MilUani  pinhnc\>. 


The  coadjutor  and  successor  of  Whittingiiam  was  born  in  An- 
napolis, Md.,  April  17,   i.Sio. 

He  was  graduated  at  St.  John's  College,  in  the  town  of  his  birth, 
1827.  This  institution  was  the  representati\e  of,  and  was  in  di- 
rect succession  from,  King  William's  School,  the  first  public  free 
school  in  this  countr_\-,  dating  its  foundation  to  1694.  Pinkney  was 
admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  Christ  Church,  Cambridge,  Dorchester 
County,  Md.,  April  12,  1835,  by  Bishop  Stone.  The  same  bishop 
priested  him  in  All  Saints',  Frederick,  Md.,  Maj-  27,  1836.  He 
successi\-ely  served  Somerset  and  Coventry  parishes,  Md.  ;  St.  Mat- 
thias's, Bladensburg,  Md.  ;  and  the  Ascension,  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  was  rector  of  this  latter  charge  when  elected  to  the  episcopate. 
His  alma  mater  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  divinity  in 
1855.  Columbian  College,  Washington,  and  William  and  Mary 
College  made  liim  a  doctor  of  laws  in  1873. 

His  consecration  as  bishoj)  coadjutor  of  Marylantl  took  place  in 
the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Washington,  Oct.  6,  1870.  The  con- 
secrators  were  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  Johns,  Atkinson,  Oden- 
heimer.  Lay,  Stevens,  Ouintard,  and  Kerfoot.  On  the  death  of  Bish- 
op Whittingham,  Pinkney  became  the  diocesan  of  Maryland.  He 
died,  after  an  episcopate  distinguished  for  its  equable  administration, 
its  marked  increase  in  the  charities  and  activities  of  the  Church,  and 
for  the  beautiful  exhibition  of  personal  holiness  and  devotion  in 
the  bishop  himself,  at  Cockeysville,  Md.,  July  4,  1883. 

WdRKs.  —  Episcopal  addressee,  sermons,  and  pastorals.  See  "  Life"  hv  '1.  llutton, 
]>.!).  (iSgo). 


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A 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  BELL  WHITE  HOWE,  D.D. 


mailliain  IBcW  Mhitc  IFdowc. 


BoKX  at  Claremont,  N.  H.,  March  31,  1S23,  Howe  was  graduated 
at  the  University  <>t  Veniicmt,   1844. 

Removing  to  tlie  Smith,  he  was  made  a  deacon  in  St.  Philip's 
Churcii,  Charleston,  April  g,  1S47,  '"id  was  ordained  in  St.  Stejjhen's 
Ciiapel,  in  the  same  cit\-,  June  3,  1849,  by  Bishop  Gadsden.  His 
successive  ministerial  charges  were  St.  John's,  Berkeley,  S.  C, 
1848-60;  assistant  at  St.  Philip's,  1860-63;  and  rector  of  this 
church  until  elected  bishop.  He  receivcil  the  doctorate  in  divinity 
from  the  Uni\ersit)-  of  the  South  in  iSj'i,  and  from  Columbia  the 
following  year. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's,  Baltimore, 'Oct.  8,  187 1,  by 
Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  W'hittingham,  Davis,  Atkinson,  and  (iregg, 
together  with  the  bishop  of  Lichfield,  P^ngland,  Dr.  Selw}-n,  and  the 
bishop  of  Nassau,  Dr.  Addington  R.  P.  Venables.  Those  ])resent 
at  this  impressive  service  will  recall  how  the  hands  of  the  aged  and 
blind  Bishop  Davis  were  guided  "  wittingly  "  to  rest  in  consecration 
on  his  coadjutor's  head.  On  Dec.  2d  of  the  year  of  Bishop  Howe's 
consecration,  by  the  death  of  Bishop  Davis,  he  became  diocesan  of 
South  Carolina.  In  1893  Dr.  PlUison  Capers  was  consecrated  as  his 
coadjutor,  and  on  No\-.  25,  1894,  the  good  bishop,  whose  praise  for 
wisdom,  holiness,  de\otion  to  his  work,  and  wise  and  impartial  ad- 
ministration is  in  all  the  churches,  entered  into  rest. 

Works. — Two  occasional  sermons,  episcopal  addresses,  and  j^aslorals. 


v^\ 


h- 


RIGHT   REVEREND  MARK   ANTONY  DE  WOLFE  HOWE,   D.D.,   LL.D. 


riDavk  Hitton\>  IDc  Molfc  1F3o\vc. 


Burn  at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  April  5,  1809,  and  graduating  at  Brown 
I'niversity,  1828,  Howe  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  St. 
Micliael's  Church,  in  his  nati\e  cit_\',  Jan.  13,  1832,  by  Bi.sjiop  (iris- 
wold,  who  ad\-anced  him  to  tlie  priesthood,  March  12,  1833,  in  Grace 
Church,  Boston. 

His  ministry  was  spent  at  St.  Matthew's,  South  Boston  ;  at  St. 
James's,  Ro.xbur}-,  Mass.  ;  as  editor  ot  the  "  Christian  Witness  "  ;  as 
rector  of  Christ  Church,  Cambridge;  again  at  Roxbnr}',  1 .836-46, 
and  at  St.  Luke's,  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  until  elected  to 
the  episcopate.  Sent  as  a  tle]jiity  to  the  General  Conxention  of 
1850,  he  was  made  the  secretary  i^if  the  House  of  Deputies,  which 
xiffice  he  filled  for  twelve  years.  Chosen  by  the  Church  in  General 
Convention  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Nevada,  he  declined  the 
appointment.  His  doctorate  in  di\inity  was  recei\ed  from  ]irown 
in  1848,  and  the  Uni\ersit\-  of  I'cnns}l\  ania  made  him  a  doctor  of 
laws  in  1876. 

His  consecration  as  tlrst  bisho])  of  Central  Pennsylvania  took 
place  in  his  parish  church,  Dec.  28.  1871.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  I\lcll\-aine,  A,  Lee,  II.  I'otter,  Clark, 
Bedell,  Kerfoot,  and  Morris.  He  died,  after  a  successful  adminis- 
tration of  nearly  a  t]iiarter  of  a  century,  at  the  place  of  his  birth, 
Bristol,  R.  L,  July  31,  1895.  Both  as  a  parish  priest  and  as  a  bishop 
he  had  won  regard  and  renown  for  his  faithful  discharge  of  every 
duty,  his  carefulness  as  an  administrator,  and  his  literary  taste  and 
skill.  His  style  was  that  of  the  best  writers  in  English,  while  his 
oratory  ever  commanded  attention  and  praise. 

Works. — l.  "  Essays,  and  Fugitive  Pieces  in  Verse  " ;  2.  "  The  Right  of  the  Kaste.-ii 
Diocese  to  Elect  a  Bishop  "  (1837) ;  3.  "  Review  of  a  Report  of  the  Boston  School  Com- 
mittee "  (1845) ;  4.  "  Vindication  of  the  Episcopal  .Missionary  Association  for  the  West  " 
(1857);  5.  .Sermon  before  the  Convention  of  the  diocese  of  Pennsylvania  (1859)! 
6.  "  Memoir  of  Life  and  Services  of  Bishop  .\.  Potter"  (1870);  7.  Occasional  sermons 
and  Convention  addresses.     He  edited  an  edition  of  Bishop  Heber's  poems. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   HOBART   HARE,  D.D. 


Milliain  U^obavt  IFDarc. 


The  missionary  bishop  c)f  Niobrara,  whose  labors  have  been  tliose 
of  an  apostle,  and  \vh<;ise  atlministration  has  been  one  of  singular 
self-denial  and  devotion,  was  born  at  Princeton,  N.  J  ,  May  i  7,  iS.V'^- 

He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Plpiscopal  Academy  of  Phil- 
adelphia, where  he  was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  the 
institution.  Entering  the  sophomore  class  of  the  Uni\ersit)-  of 
Pennsylvania,  his  course  was  brilliant;  but  failing  health  required 
his  withdrawal  from  college  at  the  end  of  the  junior  year,  at  which 
time  he  stood  among  the  first  in  his  class.  Ordered  deacon  in 
St.  Matthew's,  Philadelphia,  June  ig,  1859,  by  Bishop  Bowman,  and 
priested  in  St.  Paul's,  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  by  Bishop  A. 
Potter,  May  25,  1862,  his  ministry,  which  was  spent  in  Philadelphia, 
was  abundant  in  labors  and  success,  and  marked  him  as  specially 
fitted  for  the  important  post  to  which  he  was  called — the  secretary- 
ship of  the  Foreign  C<immittee  of  the  Board  of  Missions.  Finding  his 
department  deeply  in  debt  and  lacking  the  general  su]jport  of  the 
Church,  his  wise,  conser\ati\e,  and  energetic  administration  relie\-ed 
the  board  from  debt  and  secured  for  the  foreign  work  the  confi- 
dence of  all. 

In  the  midst  of  these  successes,  in  1 871,  he  was  nominated  by  the 
House  of  Bishops  to  the  West  African  episcopate  ;  but  in  response 
to  the  earnest  protest  of  the  House  of  Deputies  that  this  choice 
would  deeply  injure  the  foreign  work,  his  name  was  withdrawn. 
The  following  year  he  was  elected  bishop  of  Niobrara.  His  degrees 
in  divinity  were  given  by  Columliia,  Trinity,  and  Kenyon  in   1872. 

Dr.  Hare  was  consecrated  in  St.  Luke's,  Philatlelphia,  Jan.  g, 
1873,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  Alfred  Lee,  John  Williams, 
Horatio  Potter,  Odenheimer,  ami  Stevens.  In  1SS3  the  limits  of 
the  Indian  jurisdiction  of  Niobrara  were  changed,  and  the  name  of 
the  see  was  made  South  Dakota. 

Bishop  Hare's  administration  has  been  energetic,  impartial,  suc- 
cessful. He  has  founded  All  Saints'  School  at  Sioux  Falls,  for  young 
women  and  children  ;  has  built  a  cathedral  and  nearly  a  score  and  a 
half  of  churches.  Schools  and  stations  have  been  multiplied  ;  the 
number  of  the  clergy  and  mission  workers  has  greatly  increased  ;  and 
the  work  has  secured  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  Church. 

\V(.)RKS.  —  Missionary  rci»)rts  ami  pa]UTs,  pasturals,  appeals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN  GOTTLIEB  AUER,  D.D. 


5obn  Gottlieb  Hucv. 


A  NATIVE  ui  W'iirtembert^',  born  at  Xeubulach,  Xo\-.  iS,  1832, 
and  trained  for  the  work  to  which  he  had  de\oted  his  hfe  at  the 
famous  Mission  School  at  Basle,  Switzerland,  Auer  entered  upon  his 
African  evangelistic  labors  in  1858,  as  an  instructiir  in  a  school  at 
Akrapong,  among  the  Akrapini  Mountains,  on  the  West  African 
coast. 

In  1S62  he  connected  himself  with  the  Cape  Palmas  Mission  of  the 
Church  in  the  United  States,  and  was  ordained  deacon  and  priest 
by  Bishop  Payne,  in  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Caralla,  Africa, 
April  20,  1862.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  dixinit}'  from  Columbia 
College  in  I  873. 

His  consecration  to  the  missionary  episci>j)ate  of  Cape  I'almas  and 
parts  adjacent  in  West  Africa  took  place  in  St.  John's  Church, 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  April  17,  1873.  The  consecrators  were  Bishops 
Bosworth  Smith.  A.  Lee,  Johns,  Pa\"ne,  Armitage,  and  Pinkney. 
Returning  to  his  field  of  labor,  Auer,  who  had  thrown  new  energ)' 
into  the  African  mission  work  of  the  Church,  and  whose  labors 
promised  marked  results,  died  at  Caralla  the  year  following  his 
consecration,  F"eb.  16,  1874.  His  life  antl  labors  were  freely  gi\'en, 
that  the  "  Morian's  land"  mav  soon  "stretch  forth  her  hands  to 
God." 

WciRKs. — Translations,  missionary  reports,  appeals,  ami  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  BENJAMIN  HENRY   PADDOCK,  D.D. 


Copyright,  1SS9,  by  Anderson. 


Benjamin  *IF3cnr\>  pabbock. 


TFiE  successor  of  Eastburn,  and  tlit-  fourth  bishop  of  Massachu- 
setts, was  a  native  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  was  tlie  sou  of  a  clergyman 
two  of  whose  sons  became  bishops,  and  was  born  Feb.  29,  1828. 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College  in  the  class  of  1848,  and 
at  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1S52.  He  was  admitted 
to  deacon's  orders  by  Bishop  Brownell,  June  29,  1852,  at  Christ 
Church,  Stratfortl,  in  his  nati\e  State,  and  was  priested  b\-  Bishop 
Williams  in  Trinity  Church,  Norwich,  the  town  of  his  birth.  His 
ministry  was  spent  at  the  Epiphan)-,  New  York;  at  St.  Luke's, 
Portland,  Me.  ;  and  at  Trinity,  Norwich,  ui  which  his  father  had 
been  the  rector  for  more  than  twent_\-  _\'ears.  Removing  to  the 
W'est,  he  became  rector  of  Christ  Church,  Detroit.  In  1869  he 
accepted  the  charge  of  Grace  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
continued  as  rector  until  his  election  to  the  episcopate.  In  1867  he 
recei\ed  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Trinity  College. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  in  Brooklyn,  Sept.  I", 
1873,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  A.  Lee,  J.  Williams,  Ste\ens, 
Littlejohn,  and  Huntington.  After  a  faithful  and  conscientious  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  the  episcopal  office,  Bishop  Paddock  died  in 
Boston,  March  9,  1891.  He  was  a  sound  theologian,  a  ready  and 
impressive  speaker,  a  logical  and  careful  debater,  a  well-read  canon- 
ist, and  a  man  of  great  personal  huliness.  His  death  was  deeply  felt 
throughout  the  Church. 

WoKKS.  —  I.  "  The  First  Ceiitm  v  I'l  the  I'rote.stant  Episcopal  Church  in  Massachu- 
setts ;  2.  Canonical  digests,  episcopal  ami  academic  addresses,  occasional  discourses,  and 
charges. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THEODORE  BENEDICT   LYMAN,  D.D. 


X^bco^orc  BcncMct  X^man. 


BiiKX  ill  Bri^htiin,  Mass.,  Nov-.  27,  i>Si5,  graduatiiiL,'^  at  Hamilton 
Collect'  in  kS,>7,  and  at  the  (icncral  Theological  Seminary  in  I  .S40, 
I.xnian  was  ailmittetl  to  the  diacoiiate  in  Christ  Chnrch.  Haltimoie, 
Md.,  Sept.  20,  1840,  b_\-  liishojj  W'hittingham,  who  ordained  him 
priest  in  St.  John's,  Idagerstown,  Md.,  Dec.  19,  1841. 

P'rom  1840  to  1850  he  was  in  charge  of  St.  John's,  Hagerstown  ; 
from  1850  to  i860  he  was  the  rector  of  Trinit}-,  Pittsburg;  and  from 
i860  to  1870  he  served  at  Rome,  Ital_\-,  establishing  the  American 
Chapel  in  the  Eternal  City.  Returning  to  the  United  States,  he 
was  the  rector  of  Trinit\-  Church,  San  I'"rancisco,  until  his  election 
to  tiie  episcopate. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  of  North  Carolina  in  Christ 
Church,  Raleigh,  Dec.  11,  187^  The  consecrators  were  Jiishops 
W'hittingham,  Atkinson,  and  Lay.  On  the  death  of  I^ishoj)  Atkin- 
son, his  coadjutor  became  the  bishop  oi  the  see. 

Hisliop  Lyman  brought  to  his  episcopal  work  the  great  advantages 
of  many  and  \aried  experiences  at  home  and  abroad,  and  a  resultant 
culture.  He  was  earnest,  devoted,  judicious  ;  and  his  administration 
was  prospered  in  the  di\'ision  of  his  see  ami  in  the  electiim  ot  a 
coadjutor.      Bishop  L)-man  died  at  Raleigh,  Dec.   1  ^,   1893. 

W,,KK'>. — <  )cc;i'-i(mal  scriiKin^.  report.s  <<(  foroign  tbaplaincv,  adiiresscs  t"  tlit  Cunvcn- 
liims,  and  oftkial  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   FRANKLIN  SPALDING,  D.D. 


Jobn  jFvnnhlin  Spalbino. 


The  successor  of  the  devoted  Randall  in  the  missionary  episco- 
pate of  Colorado  and  \\'\-oming  was  born  at  Belgrade,  Me.,  Aug. 
25,   1828. 

He  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  the  class  of  1853,  and 
at  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1857.  Returning  to  his 
native  State  for  ordination,  he  was  made  a  deacon  in  St.  Stephen's, 
Portland,  Me.,  July  8,  1857,  and  was  priested  in  Christ  Church, 
Cjardiner,  Me.,  July  14,  1858,  by  Bishop  George  Burgess.  He 
served  in  the  sacred  niinisti_\'  at  St.  James's,  C)ld  Town,  Me., 
St.  George's,  Lee,  Mass.,  Grace  Church,  I'njxidence,  R.  I.,  as  as- 
sistant; and  in  1862  took  charge  of  St.  Taul's,  I{rie,  I'a.,  where  he 
continued  in  the  rectorate  till  his  election  to  the  episcopate. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  at  Erie,  Dec.  31,  1873, 
by  Bishops  McCoskry,  Bedell,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Co.xe,  and  Kerfoot. 
His  administration  has  been  fruitful  in  all  good  works.  Educational 
and  charitable  institutions  ha\e  been  founded  and  fostered;  the 
missionary  see  has  become  a  diocese ;  and  the  new  see  has  itself 
been  created  by  the  setting  off  of  Western  Colorado  as  a  missionary 
jurisdiction.  The  cathedral,  and  the  College  of  St.  John  the  Evan- 
gelist, with  its  various  departments,  at  Denver,  and  the  endowments 
secured  and  increased  by  the  bishop's  tireless  energy  and  personal 
effort,  make  his  episcopate  noteworthy. 

Works. — I.  "  A  Manual  for  Mothers'  Meetings  "  ;  2.  "  The  C'liurch  and  its  ApostoUc 
Ministry"  (1887) ;  S-  "  The  Threefnki  Ministry  of  the  Churcli  nf  Christ  ";  4.  "  The  Pas- 
toral Office  "  ;  5.  ■'  the  Best  Mode  of  Working  a  Parish  "  ( 1S8S)  ;  6.  "  Jesus  Christ  the 
Proof  of  Christianity  "  ( 1891) ;  7.  Episcopal  addresses,  missionary  reptirts  and  jiajiers,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  EDWARD  RANDOLPH   WELLES,  D.D. 


lEbwarb  IRanbolpb  Mcllce. 


The  successor  of  Armitaj^e  in  the  see  of  Wisconsin  and  the  first 
bishop  of  Milwaukee — the  name  assumed  by  the  southern  half  oi 
the  original  diocese  of  Wisconsin  after  the  creation  of  the  see  of 
Fond  du  Lac — was  born  in  Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  lo,  1830,  and 
was  graduated  at  Geneva  College  in  the  class  of  I  850. 

Relinquishing  the  study  of  law,  to  which  he  had  applied  himself 
on  his  graduation,  he  prepared  himself  lor  holy  orders  under  the 
direction  of  the  great  De  Lancey,  bishop  of  Western  New  York. 
He  recei\-ed  both  deacon's  and  priest's  orders  from  this  bisho]), 
being  made  deacon  in  Trinity,  (jene\a,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  20,  1857,  and 
priest  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  his  nati\e  town,  Sept.  12,  1858.  A])- 
pointed  to  a  tutorship  at  De  \'eau.\  College,  Suspension  Hridge, 
N.  Y.,  he  officiated  on  Sunday's  in  neighboring  parishes,  taking  no 
direct  pastoral  duty  until  Oct.  3,  1858,  when  he  entered  upon  mis- 
sion work  at  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  where  he  organized  the  parish  of 
Christ  Church,  of  which  he  continued  the  rector  until  his  election  to 
the  episcopal  office.  During  his  rectorate  he  was  a  deputy  to  the 
General  Convention,  and  also  the  secretar}-  of  the  Diocesan  Conven- 
tion. In  1874  he  received  the  doctorate  in  dixinity  from  Racine 
College. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Tlmmas's  Church,  New  York,  Oct. 
24,  1874,  b_\-  l^ishops  Hosworth  Smith,  J.  Williams,  Atkinson,  and 
Whipple,  together  with  the  bishop  of  Kingston,  Jamaica,  W,  1., 
Dr.  Reginald  Courtenay.  The  year  after  his  ciinsecrati<in  the  dio- 
cese of  Fond  du  Lac  was  created,  and  the  original  see  afterward 
assumed  the  name  nf  Milwaukee. 

Bishop  Welles,  after  an  arduous  and  successful  e[.)iscopate,  in  the 
wise  administration  of  which  he  won  all  hearts  by  his  devotion,  his 
purity  of  purpose,  and  his  self-denial,  consecration,  and  impartialit}-, 
died  at  his  birthplace,  Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  20,  1888.  His  remains 
were  interred  in  Milwaukee. 

Works.  —  liesidis  his  f.nki;il  .-idflre^ses  ami  pastorals,  a  vc.lunie  nf  "  Sermons,"  with 
a  prefatory  sketch  of  his  life,  was  piiMished  after  his  decease  (iSSg). 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ROBERT  WOODWARD  BARNWELL  ELLIOTT,  D.D. 


IRobcrt  Moobwavb  BavnwcU  Elliott. 


The  son  of  the  noble-heartetl  first  bishop  of  Georgia,  and  a 
nephew  and  cousin  respectively  of  tlie  two  Bishops  Boone  of  the 
Ciiina  mission,  tlie  first  bishop  of  Western  Texas  was  born  in  Beau- 
fort, S.  C,  Auy.  i6,  1840,  and  was  graduated,  on  attaining  his 
majority,  at  South  CaroUna  College,  Columbia. 

He  was  made  a  deacon  in  St.  Peter's,  Rome,  Ga.,  Aug.  4,  1868, 
by  Bishop  Ouintard,  and  rccei\'ed  priest's  orders  in  Christ  Church, 
Savannah,  Ga.,  April  g,  1871,  from  Bishop  Beckwith.  His  early 
ministry,  1868-70,  was  spent  in  missidU  \sork  in  his  nati\'e  State. 
In  1870  and  1871  he  undertook  duty  in  the  cit}-  of  New  York,  at 
the  churches  of  the  Incarnation  and  the  Reconciliation.  In  I  87  I  he 
became  rector  of  St.  Philip's,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  continued  in 
charge  nntil  his  consecration.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divin- 
ity from  the  University  of  the  South,  1874. 

Chosen  by  the  Church  in  General  Con\'enlion  to  the  missionar\' 
jurisdiction  of  Western  Texas,  he  was  consecrated  in  his  parish 
church  in  Atlanta,  Nov.  15,  1874,  b\-  Bishops  Gregg,  R.  H.  Wihner, 
Quintard,  Beckwith,  anil  W.  B.  ^\'.  Howe.  The  episcopate  of  this 
gifted  young  man,  whose  career  was  clouded  with  sickness,  and 
whose  life,  doubtless  from  the  start  of  his  work,  was  doomed,  was 
yet  brilliant  and  successful.  Untiring  in  etTorts,  winning  all  hearts 
by  his  charm  of  address  and  polished  manners,  devout,  self-deny- 
ing, conservative  in  opinion,  cultured,  scholarh',  and  a  saint  withal, 
Robert  Elliott  left  his  mark  on  the  Clnn-ch.  "  Being  dead,"  he 
"speaketh."      He  died  at  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  Aug.  26,  1887. 

Works.  —  I.  Prize  essay  delivered  at  the  South  Carolina  College  ;  2.  Sermon  liefore 
the  Society  for  the  Increase  of  the  Ministry  ;  3.  Kpiscopal  addresses  (1S75,  1S76,  1S77), 
missionary  reports,  appeals,  papers,  etc. 


RUiHT  REN'EREND  JOHN   HBNRV  DUCACHET  WINGFIELD,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


3obn  1f3cnr\>  IDucacbct  Minoficlb. 


A  NAinEof  Portsiiidntli,  \'a.,  where  hf  was  burn  Sept.  24,  18,^3, 
ami  educated  at  tiist  private!)'  and  then  at  St.  Tiniuthx  's,  IMarxland, 
at  which  institution  lie  was  hir  two  years  an  instructi)r,  W'inyfield 
was  graduated  at  William  and  ?\lary  Cullege  in  1853. 

He  pursued  t!ie  xncatiim  nt  a  teacher  until  1855,  \\hen  he  spent 
a  year  at  the  Thculdyical  Seminar}-  of  Virginia,  and  then  resumed 
his  professorial  work  as  the  head  of  the  Ashley  Institute  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  Christ  Church,  Little  Rock, 
Jan.  I  7,  1858,  li\-  IJishop  h'reeman,  and  was  priested  by  Bishoj)  Johns 
m  the  chapel  of  the  Virginia  Seminai'y,  July  i,  1859. 

After  serving  as  a  cuiate  to  the  rector  of  Christ  Church,  Little 
Rock,  he  assisted  his  \eneral5le  father,  the  Re\-.  John  11.  \\ingtield, 
in  Trinity  Church,  Portsmouth,  \'a.,  and  subsequently  ser\ed  ir. 
MaryLuul  at  Christ  Church,  Rock  Sj)ring,  returning  to  Trinit}',  Ports- 
mouth, 1866.  Pie  served  at  St.  Paul's,  Petersburg,  \'a,,  1868,  where, 
in  I  87  I ,  he  founded  St.  Paul's  School  for  girls  ;  and  in  j  874  became 
rector  of  Trinity  Church,  San  I'rancisco,  Cal.  His  doctorate  in 
divinity  was  conferred  on  him  in  1869,  by  the  College  of  William 
and  Mar\-.  The  same  institution  gave  him  the  doctorate  of  laws  in 
1874,  and  St.  Augustine  College  honored  him  with  a  D.C.L.,  1888. 

The  missionary  jurisdiction  of  Northern  California  lia\ing  been 
created  at  the  General  Con\-entir]n  in  i  874,  Wiiighekl  was  chosen  as 
the  first  bisho]),  and  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's,  Petersburg,  \'a., 
Dec.  2d  of  the  same  }-ear,  b)-  Bishops  Johns,  Atkinson,  La}-,  Pink- 
nc}-,  and  L}-man. 

On  removing  to  his  missionary  see  he  became  president  of  the 
Missionary  College  of  St.  Augustine  at  Benicia.  Later  he  assumed 
the  headship  of  St.  Mary's-of-the-Pacific,  in  Benicia,  and  also  be- 
came rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Benicia.  During  a  laborious  and 
devoted  administration  Bishop  Wingfield  has  declined  four  oppor- 
tunities for  translation:  in  1879  the  bishopric  of  Louisiana;  in  1882 
the  assistant  bi.shopric  of  Mississippi;  and  in  1 886  and  1887  the  see 
of  Easton. 

His  administration,  under  man\-  untoward  circumstances  imped- 
ing his  work  and  with  a  tragic  episode  in  which  all  hearts  were  won 
to  him  in  s}-mpathy  and  marked  respect,  has  been  earnest,  accejjta- 
ble,  and  successful.  His  eloquence,  zeal,  de\otion,  and  unflagging 
energy  commend  the  bishop  and  his  work  to  all  men. 

Works.  — I.  "Tin.-  Sncrameiit  of  Wnrriors  "  ;  2.  "Answers  t.i  tlie  (  liar-r  of  fn- 
charitableness  ";    3.  "  Tlie  Cliurchman's  { '■nititude  "  ;   4.  SL-rmons,  I'astorals,  cic. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  ALEXANDER  CHARLES  GARRETT,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


Hleyanbcv  (Tbavlce  (Barrett 


The  first  missionary  bishop  of  Xortlit-rn  Texas — a  scholar,  an 
orator,  a  writer,  and  a  faithful  bishop  of  souls — was  born  in  Balh'- 
mote,  county  of  Sligo,  Ireland,  No\'.  4,  1832,  and  was  the  younger 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Garrett,  rector  of  the  parish. 

He  was  educated  at  the  School  for  the  Sons  of  the  Irish  Clerg_\- 
at  Lucan,  where  he  was  L;"raduated  with  the  highest  honors  in  1850. 
Entering-  Trinit_\-  College,  Dublin,  he  took  the  Hebrew  premium  at 
the  start  of  his  college  course,  the  catechetical  prize  in  the  second 
year,  and  was  graduated  B.A.  first-class  in  1835,  taking  the  <Ii\inity 
testimonium  the  same  \-ear.  He  receixed  tleacon's  and  priest's 
orders  in  the  chapel  of  ]"'arnham  Castle,  Surrey,  kjigiand,  from  the 
bishop  of  Winchester,  July  6,  1856,  and  July  5,  1857,  respecti\-ely. 
He  served  as  curate  oi  Hast  Worldham,  in  Hampshire,  from  his 
ordination  until  1859,  when  he  went  as  a  missionary  to  British 
Columbia.  He  was  evening  lecturer  at  the  cathedral,  Victoria ;  was 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  chaplain  at  the  naval  station  at  Esquimalt, 
rector  of  St.  Paul's,  Nanaims,  and  minister  to  the  gold-miners  at 
Cariboo  until  1869;  rector  of  St.  James's,  .San  Francisco,  Cal., 
1869-72;  and  dean  of  Trinity  Cathedral,  Omaha,  Neb.  From  his 
alma  mater  he  recei\-ed  the  \).\).ju/r  (figiiitcUis  in  1882,  and  was 
made  a  doctor  of  laws  by  the  Unix'ersity  of  Mississippi  in  1876. 

Dean  Garrett  was  consecrated  to  the  episcopate  in  Trinity- 
Cathedral,  Dmaha,  Dec.  20,  1874,  by  Bishops  Clarkson,  Tuttle, 
Hare,  and  Spalding.  His  episcopate  has  been  signalized  by  the 
erection  of  St.  Matthew's  Cathedral  at  Dallas,  and  thirty-eight 
churches,  the  founding  of  St.  Mary's  Institute  for  girls  at  Dallas  (a 
substantial  building  of  stone,  free  from  debt),  and  the  development 
of  numerous  other  Church  and  charitable  activities  of  various  kinds. 
Foundations  deep  and  broad  have  been  laid,  and  a  work  for  Christ 
and  His  Church  accomplished  of  which  the  years  ti  1  come  will  be  glad. 

WiiKKS.  — I.  '■  Histi.rical  Continuity"  (1S75);  2.  '■The  luernal  Sacrifice,  ami  Otlier 
Sermons  "  (  iSSi ) ;  3.  llaldwin  Lectures  nn  the  "  I'hilosnpliy  .il  tlie  Incarnation  "  (  iSqi)  ; 
4.  Lecture  ticfore  the  Church  Chil)  of  New  ^'orlc ;  5.  Occasional  sermons,  missionary 
rejiorts,  speeches  and  papers,  episcojial  aililresses,  etc. 


j 


^\        ^ 


RIGHT   RhVCRHND  WILLIA.W   FORBES  ADAMS,   D.C.L. 


MilUain  jfovbes  Hbams, 


The  first  bishop  appoiiUeil  to  the  niissinnai  y  iniisdiction  of  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona,  and  tlie  second  bishop  of  the  see  of  l^aston, 
Aid.,  was  born  at  hhinisfciUen,  Ireland,  Jan.  2,   1833. 

His  parents  settleil  in  Kentuck}' in  1S41.  l're\ented  from  enter- 
ing; \  ale,  for  wliich  he  liacl  been  pieparcd,  b}'  his  fatlier's  business 
tailure,  he  combined  the  pursuit  ot  a  mercantile  career  with  the 
stud}-  of  law,  and,  on  reaching;  his  majority,  was  admittetl  to  the 
Mississippi  bar.  lie  afterward  remo\e<l  to  Teimessee,  and  became 
a  candidate  for  orders  in  1857,  uniler  Otey.  l-iemoNing  to  Missis- 
sippi while  pursuiuL;"  his  theological  course,  he  was  made  deacon  in 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Jackson,  Miss.,  on  St.  John  the  Evangelist's 
day,  1859,  by  Bishop  Green,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood 
in  the  same  church,  Jul}'  29,  i860.  He  was  in  charge  of  St.  Paul's, 
\\'ood\ille.  Miss.,  for  o\  er  si.\  ^■eal's.  In  i8')6  he  took  charge  of 
St.  Peter's,  New  (  )rleans,  and  the  following  year  became  rector  of 
St.  Paul's,  in  the  same  city,  where  he  continued  until  his  election  to 
the  (■pi'^copal  office.  The  Unixersity  of  the  South  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  D.C  L.  in  1874. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  his  parish  chuich,  New  ( )rleans, 
Jan.  17,  1875.  The  consecrators  wcie  liishops  Green,  J.  P.  ]->.  W'il- 
mer,  and  I'.eckw  ith.  lie  uinlerlo.  .k  the  se\'ere  and  abundant  labors 
of  his  >ce  with  \igor  and  e\er\-  |)i'oniise  of  success;  but  disease,  re- 
sultant, it  is  beliexed,  from  his  nolik-  de\(ition  to  the  sufferers  from 
\ellow  fc\er  in  a  brother  clergyman's  parish  while  a  clergyman  of 
Louisiana,  and  physical  infirmities  const'(|uent  upon  the  long  an<l 
painful  journeys  required  by  the  extent  of  his  see,  which  at  that  time 
possessetl  few  facilities  for  traxel,  compelled  his  resignation  after 
heroic  but  \ain  attemjits  to  <lo  his  work;  and  in  1877  the  House  of 
Bishops  relieved  him  of  the  charge,  recognizing  the  necessity  of  his 
withdrawal  from  an  office  the  duties  of  which  he  could  not  iulfd 
even  by  the  sacrifice  of  his  life. 

Returning  to  pastoral  work,  he  was  in  charge  of  Holy  Trinity, 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  1876-87,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  see  of  l",as- 
ton.  Entering  upon  the  dutie--  of  this  apjiointment,  Aug.  4,  1887, 
he  has  administered  the  see  with  acceptance  and  success.  He  is 
eloc|uent,  able,  and  devoted  to  his  work. 

Works. — Mis-,iniiary  repurts,  nccasionaf  sermons. 


RIGHT  RHVERHND  THOMAS   UNDERWOOD  DUDLEY,  D.D.,   I.L.D.,   D.C.I.. 


Thomas  lllnbcnvoob  IDuMc^. 


The  successor  of  Benjamin  Bcisworth  Smith  in  the  see  of  Ken- 
tucky was  born  in  Richmontl,  Va.,  Sept.  26,   1S37. 

lie  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1858.  After 
taking  his  M.A.  degree  he  was  professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  at  his 
ahiia  mater,  and  during  the  Ci\'il  War  was  an  officer  in  the  army  of 
the  Confederate  States.  On  determining  to  take  holy  orders  he 
pursued  the  course  of  theological  study  at  the  Virginia  Seminary, 
completing  his  work  in  1867.  On  June  28th  of  the  same  year  he 
was  made  a  deacon  by  Bishop  Johns  in  the  chapel  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  received  pi'iest's  orders  in  the  same  place, 
June  26,  1868,  from  Bishop  Whittle.  His  ministry  was  spent  at 
Harrisonburg,  Va.,  and  from  1869  to  I  875  he  was  assistant  minister 
and  then  rector  of  Christ  Church,  Baltimore.  He  recei\ed  the  doc- 
torate in  (li\-inity  from  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1874,  ami 
later  from  the  University  of  the  South.  Tlie  Universit^'  of  King's 
College,  Windsor,  X.  S.,  made  him  a  D.C.L.,  and  Griswold  College 
conferred  ujjon  hirii  tlie  degree  of  l.L.l). 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  of  Kentucky  in  his  parish 
church  in  Baltimore,  Jan.  27,  1875,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith, 
Johns,  Stevens,  and  Finkney,  together  with  the  bishop  of  Huron, 
Dr.  Helmuth.  In  1884,  on  the  death  of  Bishop  B.  B.  Smith,  he 
became  the  diocesan  of  Kentucky.  He  was  made  chancellor  of  the 
University  of  the  South,  1893.  H'^  administration  has  been  con- 
servative and  abriunding  in  all  good  works.  His  s\-m[)athies  anil 
labors  ha\-e  been  especially  gi\en  to  the  interests  of  the  colored 
people.  He  is  a  leader  among  men,  a  workman  for  Christ  and  His 
Church  who  needeth  not  to  be  ashamed. 

W.iKKs.  — 1.  ".V  Sun.l.iy-sdinul  Question  I!...,!;  on  the  Clii  istian  \ear";  2.  "  Tlie 
Bolilen  Lectures  for  iSOS"';  5.  "  A  Wi.se  Discrimination,  Tlie  C.'luircli's  View"  (1881); 
4.  "The  Balilwin  Lectures"  (iSgi):  5.  "Address  on  the  Historic  Christ  "  (1S94);  h. 
"  Rea-son.s  why  I  am  a  Churchman"  (1894);  7.  Occasional  sermons,  addresses,  pasto- 
rals, etc. 


RiGHT  REVEREND  JOHN  SCARBOROUGH.  D.D. 


Copyright,  1SS9.  by  Anderson. 


3obn  Scavbovouob. 


ox  the  north  coast  of  luiyiaiul,  in  Vorkshire,  stands  n  hnlti  head- 
land juttiiiL;'  out  into  the  sea.  Here  still  remain  the  ruins  of  a  easlle 
whose  ieudal  lord  took  his  name  trom  the  place.  In  the  Saxon 
toHLiue  "scar"  means  "rock',"  and  "  l)orou_L;h  "  a  "  stronL;hold.  ' 
Thence  came  the  name  ot  the  place  and  ot  the  leading;"  fairiil\-  th.ere. 
The  ancient  keep  was  tlestru\  ed  hv  Croniwells  men,  but  was  re- 
built, and  is  aL;ain  a  partial  ruin.  '1  he  Inanch  of  the  faniih-  to 
which  the  fourth  Lishop  of  New  Jersey  helonL;s  li\ed  near  the  town 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Uuse  Ri\er,  and  close  to  the  Norlh  Sea. 
The  bishop's  father,  howe\er,  held  an  apjiointment  in  the  revenue 
ser\"ice,  and  made  his  home  in  the  north  of  Irelantl,  at  Castlew  ellan. 
County  Down,  where  the-  future  bishop  was  born,  Apiil  25,    I  S j;  1 . 

While  yet  a  lad  he  cros.^ed  the  ocean  with  tw  11  ekler  lirotluis. 
He  wa.s  graduated  at  Trinity,  Hartford,  1854.  Three  \-ears  later  he 
completed  his  course  at  the  Gi^'neral  Thet)logical  Seminary,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  diaconate  in  Trinitx',  Xca  "\'ork,  June  28,  1837,  and 
prie.sted  in  St.  Paul's,  Tro\-,  X.  Y.,  /\ng.  14,  183.^,  by  Hishop 
H.  Potter.  His  hrst  charge  was  the  cuiacy  of  St.  Paul's,  Troy.  In 
i860  he  became  the  firsl  rector  of  tile  Cluirch  of  the  Holy  Com- 
forter, Poughkeepsie,  N.  V.  After  seven  years  s]ient  in  this  charge 
he  became  rector  of  Tiinit\-,  Pittsburg,  w  here  he  remained  until  his 
ele\'ation  to  the  episcopate.  His  alma  mater  conferred  upon  him 
the  doctorate  in  divinity  in  1872.  He  was  a  deputy  to  the  (ieneial 
Convention  in  1S71  and  again  in   1874. 

His  consecration  took  ])lace  in  St.  Mary's,  Purlington,  N.  J., 
Feb.  2,  1875.  His  consecrators  were  Pisliops  II.  Potter,  Sle\  ens, 
Kerfoot,  Littlejohn,  Doane,  M.  A.  De  Wolie  Howe,  and  Pathlock. 
Bishop  Scarborough's  ejiiscopate  has  witnessed  the  di\i-ion  ol  the 
original  see  of  New  Jersey  and  a  marked  advance  in  material  and 
spiritual  prosperit}'.  Untiring  in  his  de\otion  to  e\ei-\- detail  ol  his 
work,  judicious  and  impartial  in  his  administi-ation,  consei-\  ative, 
schokuT-,  and  wielding  ;i  powerful  influence,  the  fourth  bi■^hop  o| 
New  Jerse\-  is  belo\-ed  by  all  classes  and  conditions  of  men,  who 
recognize  in  him  a  man  of  God  aiid  a  true-heai'tc'd  bi'-hoi)  of  soids. 

WoHKs.  —  ICpi, copal  all(llx■^.■-c^,  lla^^>|■al  IcItL-rs,  dccasinnal  sermons,  etc. 


«v 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  DE  NOR.WANDIE  GILLESPIE,  D.D. 


(5coroc  IDc  BonnanMc  (Billespic. 


Born  June  14,  1819,  in  Goshen,  Orange  County,  X.  V.,  Gilles- 
pie was  graduated  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1840. 

On  June  28th  of  the  same  year  he  was  made  a  deacon  in 
St.  Peter's  Church,  New  York,  by  Bish(_>p  ]i,  1".  Onderdonk.  He 
was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Mark's,  Le  Roy,  N.  V., 
June  30,  1843,  by  Bishop  De  Lancey.  His  pastorates  have  been 
St.  Mark's,  Le  Roy  ;  St.  Paul's,  Cincinnati,  O.  ;  Zion,  Palmyra,  X.  Y.  ; 
and  St.  Andrew's,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  He  was  secretary  of  the  dio- 
cese of  Michigan  for  many  years.  He  recei\'ed  the  doctorate  in 
divinity  from  Hobart  College  in  1875. 

He  was  set  apart  for  the  office  antl  administration  of  a  bishop  in 
the  Church  of  God  on  St.  Matthias's  day,  Feb.  24,  1875,  '»  ^t- 
Mark's  Church,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  His  consecrators  were  Bisho])s 
McCo.skry,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Bissell,  Robertson,  Littlejohn,  B.  H.  Pad- 
dock, and  Welles. 

Bishop  Gillespie  possesses  strong  intellectual  powers,  is  a  well- 
read  theologian,  a  judicious  and  care-taking  administrator,  anil  a 
man  of  singular  godliness,  charity,  and  devotion.  He  is  deeply 
interested  in  all  humanitarian  and  reformatory  measures,  and  in 
matters  of  social  science  is  regarded  as  an  expert.  He  is  an  im- 
pressive speaker,  of  dignified  mien,  a  close  reasoner,  a  practised 
logician,  and  one  who  inspires  the  respect  and  love  of  all  men. 

Works. — i.  "  The  Communion  of  Saints  ;  an  Holy  I'riesthood  "  (Convention  sermon, 
1862) ;  2.  "  Manual  and  Annals  of  the  Diocese  of  Michigan  "  (1868) ;  3.  "  The  Season  of 
Lent"  (1877). 


r9f 


0r*^^ 


# 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THO.WAS  AUGUSTUS  JAGGAR,  D.D. 


XTbomas  Huouetue  Jatjo^v. 


The  diocese  cf  SDuthern  Ohio  was  created  in  i<S75,  and  com- 
prises the  southcin  pnition  ot  the  State.  Its  first  bishop  was  born 
in  New  York,  June  2,    I  839. 

Unable  from  feebleness  of  constitution  and  symjitoms  of  pulmo- 
nary disease  to  enter  upon  a  college  course,  he  |)ursued  his  studies  in 
preparation  for  (irders  partly  at  the  General  l'heoloL;ical  Seminary 
and  in  part  prixatcly.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  Lhi'ist  Chuicli, 
Pelhani,  N.  Y.,  on  Nov.  10,  1^60,  by  Bishop  H.  Potter.  The  same 
prelate  ad\'anced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Ge(.iri;e's,  Flushing, 
N.  Y.,  June  3,  1863.  His  pastorates  were  Trinit}',  HerLjen  Point, 
N.  J.  ;  the  Anthon  i\'Iemorial,  New  York  ;  St.  John's,  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  ; 
and  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Philadelphia,  in  succession  to 
the  celebrated  Phillips  Brooks.  The  Uni\'ersit\-  of  I'enn.syhania 
conferred  upon  him  the  doct(.)rate  in  divinity,  1874. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  his  [)ai'ish  church  in  Philadelphia, 
April  28,  1875.  The  consccrators  were  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith, 
A.  Lee,  H.  Potter.  Stevens,  Littlejohn,  Niles,  and  Hare,  together 
with  the  bishop  of  Antigua.  W.  I.,  Dr.  W".  ^^■.  Jackson. 

In  1889  he  tendered  his  resignation  to  the  llou-e  of  Bisho]]s,  in 
consequence  of  physical  inability  to  dischai-ge  the  duties  of  tlie 
ofifice ;  and  a  coadjutor  bishop,  ])i-.  X'incent,  was  conseci'ated,  to 
whom  Bishop  Jaggar  assigned  "all  the  duties  and  powers"  ot  the 
episcopate  of  Southern  Ohio,  and  cmenanted  that  this  demission  (jf 
duties,  powers,  and  authority  should  be  irrexocable. 

Bishop  Jaggar's  episcoi^ate  was  one  c)f  \ast  labor.  He  hatl  been 
a  most  successful  parish  priest.  Only  the  conliiuied  infirmilies 
which  finally  occasioned  his  resignation  pre\ented  his  making  the 
episcopate  equally  abund.uU  in  good  results.  Since  his  release  from 
his  onerous  duties,  his  health  is  in  a  measure  I'eestablished  ;  and, 
without  resuming  his  juristliction,  he  renders  acceptable  service 
where\'er  his  aid  is  desired. 

Works.  —  i.  Baccalaureate  addresses  l>cfore  the  Universities  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Oliio ;  2.  Address  to  the  graduating  class  of  the  Philailelphia  1  >ivinity  .School ;  3.  .Sermon 
before  the  American  Social  .Science  .Association  ;  4.  "  The  ^linistry  of  Philli|)s  Broohs  "  ; 
5.  "  Duty  of  the  Clergy  in  Relation  to  Modern  S]<epticisni  "  (charge',  iSS3);ti.  Addresses, 
pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   EDWARD  McLAREN,  D.D.,   D.C.L. 


Milliant  lEbwavb  riDcXarcn. 


The  successor  of  W'liiteliouse  was  born  in  Gene\a,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  13,  1 83  I. 

The  son  of  a  Presbyterian  divine,  on  L;ra(luatinL;'  at  JefTerson 
College,  Washington,  Pa.,  1851,  and  after  pursuing  teaching  for  a 
year,  he  engaged  in  journalism  (1852-57)  in  Cleveland  and  Pitts- 
burg. He  entered  the  Presbyterian  Seminary  at  Pittsburg,  1857, 
with  a  view  to  missionar_\-  work  in  China.  Ordained  to  the  Presby- 
terian ministry,  i860,  his  purpose  was  modified  by  his  acceptance 
of  work  at  Bogota,  South  America ;  and  he  remained  there  for  a 
year  and  a  half.  Failing  health  recalled  him,  1862.  He  ofificiated 
at  various  places  in  Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  and  in  Michigan,  remain- 
ing in  charge  of  the  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church  of  Detroit 
until  his  acceptance  of  the  theology,  order,  and  regimen  of  the  his- 
toric Church  as  a  branch  of  the  Church  Catiiolic  of  Christ. 

Ordered  deacon  in  St.  John's  Church,  Detroit,  July  29,  1872,  and 
advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church,  Oct.  20th  of  the 
same  year,  by  Bishop  McCoskry,  McLaren  was  consecrated  to  the 
bishopric  of  Illinois  in  the  Cathedral  Church  of  SS.  Peter  and  Paul, 
Chicago,  Dec.  8,  1875.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  McCoskry, 
Bedell,  Whipple,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Clarkson,  Spalding,  Gillespie,  and 
Welles.  In  1877  the  see  of  Illinois  was  divided,  and  two  new  sees, 
Quincy  and  Springfield,  created.  Bishop  McLaren  retaining  the  ori- 
ginal diocese  and  title.  In  1883  the  name  of  the  see  was  changed 
to  Chicago.  In  1873  he  received  a  D.D.  from  Racine,  to  which 
the  University  of  the  South  in  1884  added  a  D.C.L. 

The  progress  of  the  Church  uniler  Bishop  McLaren  has  been 
marked.  He  founded  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago, 
1 88 1,  and  Waterman  Hall  for  girls,  at  Sycamore,  1885.  He  called 
the  first  diocesan  "  retreat  "  for  clergy  held  in  the  American  ChurcJi. 
He  is  president  of  the  trustees  of  Racine  College,  St.  Mary's  School, 
Knoxville,  111.,  and  the  two  institutions  of  his  own  founding.  He 
is  primus  of  the  Provincial  Synod  of  Illinois.  He  is  a  sound  theo- 
logian, a  well-read  scholar,  an  accomplished  linguist,  an  effective 
preacher,  an  interesting  writer,  and  a  man  of  judicial  mind.  His 
administration  has  placed  Chicago  in  the  front  rank  of  dioceses. 

Works.  —  I.  "  Catlinlic  Dogma  an  ,\ntidote  of  Doubt"''  (1883,  two  editions);  2. 
"  Analysis  of  Pantheism  "  (18S5)  ;  3.  Charges,  poems,  addresses,  and  occasional  sermons. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN  HENRY   HOBART  BROWN,  D.D. 


5obn  'ff3cnr\>  1F3obart  ifiSvown. 


The  diocese  of  Fond  du  Lac  was  created  out  of  Wisconsin  in 
1875.      Its  first  bishop  was  born  in  New  York,  Dec.   i,   iS.^i. 

After  a  course  of  private  study  he  was  graduated  at  the  General 
Theological  Seminar)-,  1854.  He  was  ordered  deacon,  Juh-  2,  1854, 
in  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  by  Bishop  Wainwright,  and  was 
priested  in  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  New  York,  Dec.  i, 
1855,  by  Bishop  H.  Potter.  He  was  curate  in  1854  at  Grace 
Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  organizing  during  his  connection  with 
this  parish  the  Church  of  the  Good  Angels  (now  Emmanuel)  in 
Brooklyn,  of  which  he  was  the  first  rector.  In  1856  he  took  charge 
of  the  Church  (.>f  the  Evangelists  (formerly  St.  George's  Chapel), 
Beekman  Street,  New  York.  In  186^  he  became  rector  of  St. 
Jdhn's,  Cohoes,  N.  Y.  In  1868  he  Avas  secretar_\-  of  the  Albany 
Diocesan  Convention.  In  1870  he  was  made  archdeacon.  In  1874 
he  received  his  doctorate  in  dixinity  from  Racine  College. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  at  Cohoes,  Dec.  15,  1875, 
by  Bishops  H.  Potter,  Bissell,  \V.  C.  Doane,  Nile.s,  B.  H.  Paddock, 
Welles,  and  Scarborough.  After  a  most  faithful  and  laborious 
episcopate  he  died,  from  disease  contracted  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duty,  May  2,  1888,  ana  was  buried  in  the  grounds  of  the  noble 
cathedral  he  had  founded.  He  was  a  scholarly,  godly,  and  devoted 
man,  whose  life  was  consecrated  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  Church 
of  Christ,  and  whose  death  was  a  deeply  deplored  loss  to  the  diocese 
and  the  Church  at  large. 

Works. — Episcopal  addresses,  sermons,  pnpers  on  "  Tiie  Old  Catholic  Moveinent," 
pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  STEVENS  PERRY,   D.D.,   LL.D.,  D.C.L. 


MilUain  Stcvctis  pcvv^. 


The  successor  of  the  excellent  Henry  Washington  Lee  in  the 
see  of  Iowa  is  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  born  in  Providence, 
Jan.  22,  1832  ;  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  city  and  in 
Brown  Uni\ersity  ;  and  was  graduated  at  Har\-ard  in  the  class  of 
1854.  i^fei.  jU*-eL  i^'3^uJfVLapujl<>t.j-m.   / 3'* t^A^  / ^f  ST- 

After  a  course  of  theological  study,  first  at  the  Virginia  Seminary, 
and  then  privately  under  the  Rev.  Alexander  Hamilton  Vinton,  D.D., 
he  was  made  a  deacon  in  Grace  Church,  Newton,  Mass., — a  parish 
organized  in  his  father's  home,  and  of  which  he  had  been  parish 
clerk,  Sunday-school  superintendent,  and  lay  reader — by  Bishop  East- 
burn,  March  29,  1857.  The  same  bishop  advanced  him  to  the  priest- 
hood in  St.  Paul's,  Boston,  April  7,  1858.  His  ministry  was  spent 
at  Boston,  where  he  was  curate  at  St.  Paul's,  1S57-58  ;  at  St.  Luke's, 
Nashua,  N.  H.,  1858-61  ;  at  St.  Stephen's,  Portland,  Me.,  1861-63; 
at  St.  Michael's,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  1864-69  ;  and  at  Trinity,  Gene\-a, 
N.  Y.,  1869-76.  He  was  professor  of  history  in  Hobart  College  for 
some  years,  and  was  president  of  that  institution  from  April,  1876, 
until  September  of  the  same  \'ear,  when  he  was  consecrated  to  the 
episcopate.  He  was  a  deput\-  to  the  General  Convention  from 
New  Hampshire  in  1S59,  and  from  the  iliocese  of  Maine  in  1862,  at 
which  Con\'ention  he  was  made  an  assistant  secretary,  succeeding 
to  the  secretar_\-ship  on  the  consecration  of  Dr.  Randall  in  1865,  and 
remaining  in  this  position  until  his  entrance  into  the  House  of 
Bishops.  In  1868  he  was  appointed  historiographer  of  the  American 
Church.  His  honorary  degrees  are:  D.D.  from  Trinity,  Hartford, 
1869,  and  the  University  of  ( )xford,  luighuul,  "for  literary  and 
historical  work,"  1887;  LL.D.  fmm  William  and  Mary,  1876,  on 
accession  to  the  presidency  of  Hobart,  and  from  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  1894;  D.C.L.  from  the  University  of  Bishop's  College, 
Lennoxville,  Quebec,  1885  ;  from  the  University  of  King's  College, 
Windsor,  N.  S.,  1886;  and  from  the  University  of  the  South,  1893. 

Unanimously  elected  to  the  bishopric  of  Iowa,  and  receiving  the 
unanimous  confirmation  of  the  standing  committees  and  bishops,  he 
was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  in  Gene\'a,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  lo, 
1876,  by  his  maternal  uncle.  Bishop  Stevens,  and  Bishops  Coxe, 
Kerfoot,  and  Bissell,  together  with  the  Most  Rev.  Dr.  Ashton  Ox- 
enden,  bishop  of  Montreal  and  metropolitan,  \\  ho  was  the  preacher. 

245 


246  THE    EI'ISCOPATE    I.X  AMEKICA. 

Bishop  Perry  is  an  hereditary  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati and  chaplain  i^eneral  of  the  order,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
various  patriotic  hereditary  societies  of  the  country.  In  1887  he 
was  unanimously  elected  by  the  Synod  of  the  see  bishop  of  Nova 
Scotia,  which  appointment  he  declined. 

In  his  diocesan  work  the  present  Hishop  of  Iowa  lias  seen  a  three- 
fold increase  of  congregations  of  churches  and  of  communicants. 
He  has  consecrated  between  fifty  and  sixty  churches,  and  has  or- 
dained upward  of  one  hundred  to  the  ministry.  He  has  reopened 
Griswold  College  in  its  several  dejiartments,  academic,  theological, 
antl  preparatory  ;  has  founded  St.  Katharine's  Hall  for  girls,  Kemper 
Hall  for  bo\-s,  and  Lee  Hall  for  training  candidates  for  orders. 
Wolfe  Hall,  the  collegiate  dcjiartnient,  is  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment  to  be  afifiliated  with  the  Stati'  L'ni\ersit\-,  and  thus  renew 
and  exceed  the  promise  of  its  fuuiidatinn.  The  Bishop  has  also 
founded  St.  Luke  Hospital  in  the  see  city. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Historical  Sketcli  of  tlie  Cliurdi  .Missionary  .Association  of  the  Eastern 
District  of  Massacliusetts  "  (1H59);  2.  "  Bishop  .Seahury  and  Bishoji  I'rovoost:  .An  His- 
torical Fragmenf "  (1862);  3.  "Documentary  History  of  the  I'rotestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  South  Carolina  "  (edited  in  conjunction  with  Hawks)  (1862)  14."  The  Connec- 
tion of  the  Church  of  England  witli  Early  American  Colonization"  (1863);  5.  "  Hishoji 
Seabury  and  the  '  Episco])al  Recorder '  "  (1863) ;  6.  "  A  Century  of  Episcopacy  in  I'ort- 
land  :  K  Sketch  of  the  His»ory  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in  Portland,  Me.,  from  the  Or- 
ganization of  St.  Paul's,  Falmouth,  November  4,  1763,  to  the  Present  Time  "(1863); 
7.  "  Documentary  History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
.America,"  containing  numerous  unpublished  documents  concerning  the  Church  in  Con- 
necticut (edited,  in  conjunction  with  Hawks,  1863-64) ;  8.  "  The  Collects  of  the  Church  " 
(1864) ;  9.  "  .\  Memorial  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mather  Smith,  D.D."  (1866) ;  10.  "  Ques- 
tions on  the  Life  an<l  Labors  of  the  Great  Apostle  "  (1869)  ;  n.  "  Historical  Collections 
of  the  .American  Colonial  Church"  (vol.  i.,  Virginia,  1871 ;  vol.  ii.,  Pennsylvania,  1872; 
vol.  iii.,  Massachusetts,  1873;  vol.  iv.,  Maryland,  1878;  vol.  v.,  Delaware,  1878) ;  12. 
"  Life  Lessons  from  the  Book  of  Proverbs"  (1872);  13.  "  H.andbook  of  General  Con- 
ventions of  the  Protestant  Episcop.al  Church,  giving  History  and  Constitution,  1785- 
1874"  (1874;  later  editions);  14.  "Journals  of  the  General  Convention,  1785-1835  " 
(3  vols.,  8vo,  1874);  15.  "A  Sunday-school  E.Nperiment "  (1874;  later  editions);  16. 
"  Historical  Notes  and  Documents  Illustrating  the  Organization  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  "  (1874);  17.  "The  Reunion  Conference 
at  Bonn"  (1876);  18.  "The  .American  Catheilral"  (1877);  19.  "Some  .Summer  Days 
.Abroad"  (1881)  ;  20.  "  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  1 784-1 884" 
{1884) ;  21.  "  The  Centenary  of  the  Consecration  of  Bishop  Seabury  "  ( 1884) ;  22.  "  His- 
tory of  the  -American  Episcopal  Church,  1587-1883  "  (2  vols.,  1885) ;  23.  "  The  Election 
of  the  First  Bishop  of  Connecticut  "  (1885) ;  24.  "  Men  and  Measures  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Convention  of  1785-89"  (1S85);  25.  "Centenary  of  the  Consecration  of  Bishop 
White  "  (1887) ;  26.  "  Centenary  of  the  British  Colonial  Episcopate  "  (discourse  delivered 
in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  London,  and  printed  in  London  and  in  the  United  States,  1887) ; 
27.  "  .A  Missionary  Apostle:  Centenary  of  the  Consecration  of  Bishop  Charles  Inglis,  of 
Nova  Scotia"  (delivered  in  AVestminster  .Abbey,  London,  1887);  28.  "The  Church's 
Centennial  Thanksgiving"  (iS8g) ;  29.  "  The  C^eneral  Ecclesiastical  Constitution  of  the 
American  Church"  (Bohlen  Lectures,  i8go) ;  30.  "  Proofs  of  the  Historic  Episcopate; 
.An  Essay"  (1891);  31.  "  Christian  Character  of  George  Washington  "  (address  before 
New  A'ork  Society  of  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  in  St.  Bartholomew's  Church,  Sunday, 
Feb.  22,  1891 ;  several  editions);  32.  "The  Influence  of  the  Clergy  in  the  War  of  the 
Revolution  "  (1891)  ;  t,i,.  "  Relations  of  the  Clergy  to  their  A'estries  .and  Congregations: 
An  Essay  on  Canon  Law  "  (1892) ;  34.  "  Christ  Church,  Pln'I.adelphia,  in  the  Revolution  " 
(1892;;   35.  "The  Christian  Patriotism  of  our  Fathers"  (1892);  36.  "  Relations  of  the 


iijL/./.iA/  sy£iy-:.vs  perky.  247 

Church  and  Country"  (1893);  37.  "The  '  l)es  Moines  Register'  on  Bishop  Ferry  and 
Columbus"  (1893);  38.  "  Catliolicisni  and  Coluniljus  "  (1893);  39.  "The  American 
Prayer-book  Revisions  of  1785  and  1789"  (1893);  40.  "  The  Changes,  Ailditions,  and 
Omissions  of  the  Standard  Book  of  Common  Prayer  of  1S92  as  Compared  witli  tlie 
Standard  of  1871  "  (1893) ;  41.  "  Four  Centuries  of  Conflict  for  the  Continent  of  North 
America,  1497-1897"  (1895);  42.  "  The  American  Church  and  the  American  Constitu- 
tion" (1895). 

Among  his  sermons,  essays,  etc.,  may  lie  noted;  I.  "  The  Church's  Worship  Spiritual 
and  True"  (1862) ;  2.  "  Thankfulness  for  our  Past,  our  Present,  and  our  Future"  (Thanks- 
giving-day sermon  at  Litclifield,  Conn.,  iSbb);  3.  "Anglo-American  Sympathy  with 
Continental  Reform"  (preached  in  Westminster  Abbey,  Oct.  17,  1875) ;  4.  "  Missions 
and  .Missionary  Bishops  in  the  American  Cliurch  "  (paper  before  the  Church  Congress 
held  at  Stoke-upon-Trent,  England,  October,  1875);  5.  "  An  Open  Letter  to  the  Mem- 
bers of  the  Cathedral  Ccmgregation  "  (1877) ;  6.  "  Memorial  to  the  Regents  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  State  of  Iowa"  C1877) ;  7.  "  Sermon  at  Consecration  of  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Glasgow  and  Galloway,  at  the  Church  of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Glasgow,  Scotland " 
(1888);  8.  "  Sermon  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  before  the  Order  of  the  Cincin- 
nati, Sunday,  April  29,  18S9  "  (centenary  of  inauguration  of  Washington  as  President, 
1889  ;  numerous  editions) ;  9.  "  America,  the  Study  of  Nations  "  (the  Columbian  sermon 
delivered  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Buffalo,  1893);  10.  "  The  Third  Lambeth  Conference: 
-A  Personal  Narrative"  (1893). 

He  edited,  in  addition  to  the  above,  A  Kempis's  "  Imitation  "  ;  Mrs.  .Sewell's  "  Prepa- 
ration for  the  Holy  Communion  "  ;  several  American  editions  of  Proctor  on  the  Prayer- 
book,  with  a  chapter  on  the  American  Liturgy;  and  the  series  of  sermons,  "  Liturgic 
Worship,"  by  bishops  and  clergy  of  the  Church  (1864).  With  the  Rev.  John  Cotton 
Smith,  D.D.,  he  edited  vols.  vi.  and  vii.  of  the  "Church  Monthly";  and  alone,  the 
"  Churchman's  Year-book,"  1870  and  1S71.  As  Secretary  of  the  House  of  Deputies  he 
edited  the  "  Journals  "  of  General  Conventions,  and  the  Digests  of  Canons.  1865-74.  He 
has  edited  the  "  Iowa  Churchman"  since  1877,  and  has  published  twenty  episcopal  ad- 
dresses, 1877-95.  For  his  "  Historical  Collecticms  of  the  .-Kmcrican  Colonial  Church" 
and  his  reprint  iif  tlie  General  C<mvention  "  Journals  "  he  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Church  in  General  Conventiun. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHARLES  CLIFTON   PENICK,  D.D. 


Charles  Clifton  pcnich. 


B(iR\  in  Charlotte  County,  Va.,  Dec.  q,  1S43,  Charles  Clifton 
Penick  was  educated  at  a  military  school  in  Danville,  and  a  student 
of  Hampden-Sidney  College,  Prince  Edward  County.  At  the  break- 
iuL;-  out  of  the  Ci\il  War  he  entered  the  army  of  the  Confederate 
States,  ser\'inL;"  four  years  in  the  1  hirty-ciLjht  Virginia  Regiment, 
Picket's  di\ision,  and  had  attained  the  rank  of  quartermaster  at  the 
time  of  the  surrender  of  General  Lee. 

Resuming  his  studies  preparator}-  to  orders,  he  was  graduated  at 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia,  1869.  He  was  ordered  deacon 
in  the  chapel  of  the  seminary,  June  26,  1869,  by  Bishop  Johns,  who 
priested  him  in  the  same  place,  June  24,  1870.  His  ministry  was 
spent  in  Bristol,  Dinwiddle  County,  Va.  ;  at  St.  George's,  Mount 
Savage,  Md. ;  at  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  Baltimore,  which  he 
organized,  and  where  he  remained  until  elected  to  the  missionary 
episcopate.      He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Ken\'on  in 

i«77- 

He  was  consecrated  the  third  missionar)-  bishop  of  Cape  Palmas 
and  parts  adjacent  in  St.  Paul's,  Alexandria,  Va.,  April,  1877,  by 
Bishops  Atkinson,  Whittle,  Pinkney,  and  Dudley.  He  founded  the 
Cape  Mountain  and  Episcopal  Mission  in  Liberia,  West  Africa,  1878, 
and  healed  the  split  in  the  Church  there.  After  earnest  and  self- 
denying  labors  in  his  foreign  field  he  tendered  his  resignation  to  the 
House  of  Bishops  in  April,  1883.  The  bishops  accepted  this  resigna- 
tion in  October  of  the  same  \'ear,  and  Penick  returned  to  pastoral 
work,  becoming  rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Louisville,  Ky.  He 
built  the  present  edifice  of  that  jjarish.  He  is  now  the  representa- 
ti\'e  of  the  Commission  for  the  Coloretl  People  in  the  General  Mis- 
sionary Board. 

WiiRKS. —  I.  "  More  than  a  Prophet"  (series  of  expository  chapters  of  tlie  life  of 
St.  John  the  Baptist,  iSSi);  2.  "  Birth,  Life,  Reign,  and  Glory  of  Christ  in  the  Soul"; 
3.  "Our  Deeds,  our  Memories,  our  Duties"  (i8?8);  4.  "  Hopes,  Perils,  and  Struggles 
of  Negroes  in  the  United  States  "  (1893) ;   5.  Missionary  reports  and  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL  ISAAC  JOSEPH  SCHERESCHEWSKV,  D.D. 


Sanuicl  Ifsaac  Joseph  Scbevcecbcwsk^. 


The  tliird  missionary  bishop  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States 
appointed  to  China  was  a  native  of  Russian  Lithuania,  and  was  born 
in  Tanrosj[gen,  May  6,  1831. 

He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  nali\e  town  and  in  the  ad- 
jacent town  of  Krazi,  and  at  tlie  Rabbinical  College  at  Zhitomeer,  in 
Russia.  He  was  a  student  for  two  years  at  the  University  of  Bres- 
lau,  t^erniany.  (),i  ccjming  tn  this  cnuntry  he  was  for  a  tinu'  in  the 
Western  Theoltigical  Seniinai'y  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  Pitts- 
burg, but  afterward  entered  the  General  Theological  Seminary. 
He  recei\'ed  deacon's  orders  in  St.  George's  Church,  New  York, 
Jul\'  7,  1X59,  from  the  first  Bishop  Boone,  who  ordained  him  to  the 
]jriesih(i()d  in  the  mission  chapel  at  Shanghai,  Oct.  28,  i860.  In 
1875  he  was  elected  by  the  House  of  Bishops  to  the  missionary 
episcopate  of  Shanghai,  but  declined.  Two  years  later  he  was 
again  chosen  to  this  office,  and  was  with  difficidty  induced  to  ac- 
cept. He  received  the  doctorate  in  dixinity  from  Kenyon  in  1876, 
and  from  Columbia  tlie  followiuL;  year. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Grace  Church,  New  York,  Oct.  31,  1877, 
by  Bishops  Bosworth  .Smith,  II.  Putter,  Betlell,  Ste\ens,  Kerfoot,  and 
Lyman.  After  most  faithful  labors  in  his  field,  failing  health  com- 
pelled his  resignatiiin  nf  his  episcopate,  which  was  accepted  by  the 
House  of  Bishops  in  1883. 

The  celebrated  Professor  Ma.\  Miiller,  rif  O.xford,  stated  to  the 
writer  in  1888  that  Bishop  Schereschewsky  was  "one  ot  the  si.x 
most  learned  Orientalists  in  the  world."  He  has  translated  from  the 
Hebrew  the  whole  of  the  Old  Testament  into  the  Mandarin  dialect. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  having  in  charge  the  translation  of 
the  New  Testament  from  the  original  Greek  into  the  same  tongue. 
Together  with  the  bishop  of  Hong-Kong,  Dr.  Burden,  he  has  trans- 
lated the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  into  the  Mandarin.  He  has  also 
translated  the  Gospels  into  Mongolian,  and  has  prepared  a  diction- 
ary of  that  language.  He  has  (1895)  just  gone  abroad  to  perfect 
and  publish  these  translations,  which  ha\e  occupied  his  time  since 
his  resignation  of  the  e].)iscopate. 

Works.  —  i.  Translations  as  above  and  linguistic  manuals;  2.  i\Iissionary  reports  and 
addresses. 


'f'TH'.i- 


.\ 


RIGHT   REVEREND   ALEXANDER   BURGESS,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


Hlcyanbcv  Butcjcss. 


TllK  see  lit"  Oiiincy,  111.,  was  created  out  r>f  the  dincese  of  Illinois 
in  i<S7  7.  Its  first  bishop  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Oct.  31, 
1 8 19,  of  a  distinguished  ancestry  and  family  connection,  his  father 
having  been  chief  justice  of  Rhode  Islanil,  and  an  elder  brother,  the 
first  bishop  of  Maine. 

He  was  graduated  at  Brown  Uiiixersit}-,  1S38,  and  from  the 
General  Theological  Seminar}-,  1841.  He  was  ordered  deacon  bv 
Bishop  Griswold,  in  St.  John's,  Pro\idence,  R.  I.,  Nov.  3,  1842,  and 
was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  Grace  Church,  in  the  same  city, 
Nov.  I,  1843,  by  Bishop  Henshaw.  His  ministry  was  spent  at  St. 
Stephen's,  East  Haddam,  Conn. ;  St.  Mark's,  Augusta,  Me.  ;  St. 
Luke's,  Portland,  Me.  ;  St.  John's,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  and  Christ 
Church,  Springfield,  Mass.  He  was  a  deputy  to  the  General  Con- 
vention from  Maine,  1844-67,  from  Long  Island,  1868,  and  from 
Massachusetts,  1871-77.  In  1 87 7  he  served  with  distinguished  abil- 
ity as  president  of  the  House  of  Deputies.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  standing  committees  of  Maine,  Long  Island,  and  Massachusetts 
successively,  from  1843  to  1 868.  He  received  the  doctorate  in 
divinity  from  his  alma  mater  in  1866,  and  from  Racine  in  1 88 1.  In 
1889  Griswold  College  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  of  laws. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Christ  Church,  Springfield,  Mass.,  May  15, 
1S78,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  J.  Williams,  Clark,  Littlejohn, 
Huntington,  and  B.  H.  Paddock.  He  is  an  eloquent  preacher,  a 
w^ell-read  theologian,  a  graceful  writer,  an  able  canonist,  and  a  faith- 
ful and  laborious  bishop.  Godly,  devout,  and  earnest,  he  is  respected 
by  all  men  as  a  true-hearted,  sympathetic  father  in  God. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Su.iday-scliool  Question  Books"  (i.Sjg):  2.  "Memoir  of  Bislio]i 
George  Burgess"  (1869);  3.  "Carols  and  Hymns";  4.  Special  sermons,  episcopal 
addresses,  charges,  and  pastorals. 


^^^^. 


r 


I 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  WILLIAM   PETERKIN,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


(3coroc  Milliatn  pctcrhin. 


The  diocese  of  West  Virginia  was  created  in  1877  out  of  the  see 
of  Virginia,  with  limits  coterminous  with  those  of  the  State  which 
had  been  formed  during  the  Civil  War.  The  first  bishop  of  the  new 
see  was  born  at  Clear  Spring,  Wasliiugton  Count}-,  Md.,  March  21, 
1841. 

He  entered  as  private,  April  17,  1861,  in  Company  F.,  Twenty- 
first  Virginia  Infantr)-,  Second  Brigade,  Stonewall  Jackson's  Division  ; 
was  successivel}-  corporal,  sergeant,  and  lieutenant  (April,  1862).  and 
adjutant  of  regiment  (May,  1862).  In  June,  1862,  Peterkin  joined 
the  staff  of  General  W.  N.  Pendleton  (General  Lee's  Chief  of  Artil- 
lery), and  served  as  his  aide  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

He  received  his  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and  at 
the  Theological  Seminary  near  Alexandria.  He  was  made  a  dea- 
con in  the  seminary  chapel,  June  24,  1868,  b}-  Bishop  Johns.  He 
was  ordained  priest  in  the  same  place,  June  25,  i86q,  by  Bishop 
Whittle.  His  successive  cures  were  as  assistant  to  his  father  at  St. 
James's,  Richmond,  Va.  ;  at  St.  Stephen's,  Culpeper,  Va.  (1869-73) ; 
and  at  the  Henshaw  iVIcmorial  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  of  which  he  had 
charge  when  elected  to  the  episcopate.  He  received  the  doctorate 
in  divinity  from  Kenyon  College  and  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity in  1878.      The  latter  institution  made  him  LL.D.  in  1892. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
May  T,o,  1878,  b)-  Bishops  Bedell,  Kerfoot,  Whittle,  Dudley,  and 
Jaggar.  His  administration  has  been  faithful,  wise,  and  success- 
ful. He  has  visited  the  Church  mission  in  Brazil,  South  America, 
at  the  request  and  with  the  approval  of  the  majority  of  the  House 
of  Bishops.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  judicial  in  his  judgments,  con- 
ser\'ative,  and  ile\out. 

WuKKS. — Epi-sciipal  addresses  and  repurts. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  FRANKLIN  SEYMOUR,   D.D.,   LL.D. 


(3coroc  JFtanhlin  Sc^tnour. 


BORX  in  New  York,  Jan.  5,  1S29  ;  graduating  at  Columbia  as  Greek 
salutatorian  and  at  the  head  of  iiis  class  in  1850,  and  at  the  General 
Theological  Seminary  in  1854,  the  first  bishop  of  Springfield  was 
ordered  deacon  in  the  Church  of  the  Annunciation,  New  York,  Dec. 
I  7,  1854,  by  Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  who  gave  him  priest's  orders  in 
Zion  Church,  Greenburg  (Dobb's  Ferry),  N.  Y.,  Sept.  23,  1855. 

His  early  ministry,  1855—61,  was  spent  at  Annandale,  N.  Y., 
where  he  added  to  his  pastoral  work  the  founding  of  St.  Stephen's 
College,  of  which  he  became  the  first  warden.  In  1 86 1  he  was  rec- 
tor of  St.  Mary's,  Manhattanville,  N.  Y. ;  1862,  of  Christ  Church, 
Hudson,  N.  Y.  ;  1863,  of  St.  John's,  Brookl_\n.  In  1865  he  became 
professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  General  Theological  Semi- 
nary, retaining  his  rectorship  until  1867.  In  September,  1874,  he 
was  elected  bishop  of  Illinois,  but  the  election  was  not  confirmed 
by  the  House  of  Deputies.  In  1875  he  was  chosen  dean  of  the 
seminary,  which  position  he  held  with  his  professorship.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1877,  he  was  elected  bishop  of  Springfield,  111.  This  election 
was  confirmed,  but  Seymour  declined  the  appointment.  The  Con- 
vention of  the  diocese,  at  its  annual  meeting,  the  last  of  May,  1878, 
unanimously  requested  the  withdrawal  of  this  declination,  which 
request  was  granted.  In  1867  Racine  gave  him  his  doctorate  in 
ilivinity,  and  in  1878  Columbia  made  him  a  doctor  of  laws. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  June  i  i,  1S78, 
by  Bishops  Horatio  Potter,  Southgate,  Odenheimer,  Lay,  Ouintard, 
Clarkson,  Neely,  Scarborough,  and  McLaren,  together  with  the 
bishop  of  Chrih-t  Church  and  metropolitan  of  New  Zealand,  Dr. 
H.  J.  C.  Plarper.  Se\'mour  brought  to  his  episcopal  work  the  results 
of  deep  anil  thorough  study  and  a  wide  experience.  He  is  a 
scholar,  an  ecclesiastical  historian,  a  man  of  great  culture.  He  is  a 
sound  and  exact  theologian,  an  accomplished  canonist,  an  eloquent 
and  forcible  speaker,  a  skilful  controversialist,  a  ready  writer,  and 
is  wise  and  conser\-ative  in  his  judgments.  Under  his  judicious 
administratiim  the  diocese  has  prospered,  and  on  the  foundations 
he  has  laid  there  is  being  built  up  a  noble  see  which  will  ever  owe 
a  debt  of  gratitude  to  its  first  devoted  and  great-hearted  bishop. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Some  Considerations  why  the  Name  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
Should  be  Changed"  (18S7);  2.  "  What  is  Modem  Romanism?"  (lS88);  3.  Occasional 
sermons,  episcopal  addresses,  charges,  pastorals,  controversial  pan.phlets,  etc. 

257 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL  SMITH   HARRIS,   D.D.,   I.L.D. 


Samuel  Sinitb  IF^avm. 


Tup:  successor  to  the  see  made  \acant  by  the  deposition  of  the 
ayed  and  infirm  McCoskry  was  born  in  Antauga  County,  Ga.,  Sejjt. 
14,   1 84 1. 

He  was  grachiated  from  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1859,  and 
after  a  course  of  special  study  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  follow- 
ing year.  After  several  years  of  successful  practice  he  became  a 
candidate  for  holy  orders,  and  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  St. 
John's,  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  10,  1869,  by  Bishop  R.  H.  Wilmer, 
who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church,  June  30th 
of  the  same  year.  His  successive  charges  were  St.  John's,  Mont- 
gomery, Ala;  Trinitv,  Columbus,  Ga.  ;  Trinity,  New  Orleans;  and 
St.  James's,  Chicago,  where  he  remained  until  his  consecration. 

He  was  a  deput}"  to  the  General  Con\'ention  of  1874  from 
Georgia,  and  in  1877  from  Illinois.  In  December,  1878,  he  was 
unanimously  elected  on  the  first  balli.it  to  the  episcopate  of  Ouincy, 
which  appointment  he  declined.  He  received  his  doctorate  in 
divinit}-  from  William  and  Mary  College  in  1874,  and  was  made  a 
doctor  of  laws  by  the  University  of  Alabama  in  1879. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Michigan  in  St.  Paul's,  Detroit, 
Sept.  17,  1879,  by  Bishops  R.  H.  Wilmer,  J.  C.  Talbot,  Clarkson, 
Welles,  Gille.spie,  McLaren,  Perry,  and  Burgess.  After  a  prosperous 
episcopate,  in  which  he  showed  his  great  intellectual  abilities,  his 
skill  and  impartiality  as  an  administrator,  his  magnetic  influence  over 
men,  and  his  oratorical  and  rhetorical  powers,  this  devout  bishop  of 
souls  died  in  London  at  the  close  of  the  third  Lambeth  Conference, 
Aug.  28,  1888.      His  remains  were  interred  in  Detroit. 

Works. — i.  "The  Relation  of  Christianity  to  Civil  Society"  (Bohlen  Lectures  for 
1882)  ;  2.  "  Dignity  of  Man  "  (sermons,  with  memorial  address  by  Bishop  H.  C.  Potter, 
iSSg)  ;  3.  "  Thoughts  on  Life,  Death,  and  Lnmortality  "  (selected  from  his  unpubHshed 
writings  by  Charlotte  \V.  Slocum,  1S91);  4.  .Sermons,  .addresses,  lectures,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  THOMAS  ALFRED  STARKEV,   D.D. 


Copyright,  i^S9,  by  Anderson. 


^boinas  Hlfrcb  Stavhe^. 


Born  in  Philadelphia,  and  unterint;-  into  acti\'e  life  as  a  ci\'il 
engineer,  the  successor  of  (  )cieiiheinicr  as  bishop  of  Northern  New 
Jerse\'  was  ordcreii  deacon  in  the  Church  of  the  Ascension,  Phila- 
delphia, Feb.  21,  1S47,  liy  Bishiip  A.  Potter,  who  priested  him  in 
Trinity,  PottsviUe,  Pa.,  May  21,  1848. 

His  ministry  was  spent  in  Schu}-lkill  County,  Pa.,  where  he 
founded  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Apostles  at  St.  Clair;  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  as  rector  of  Christ  Church  ;  in  Albany,  as  rector  of  St.  Paul's  ; 
in  Cleveland,  O.,  as  rector  of  Trinit}"  Church  ;  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
as  rector  of  the  Epiphany ;  and,  after  an  interval  of  rest  and  recu- 
peration from  se\'ere  ph\-sical  sufTerine,  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  as  rector 
of  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  which  positinii  he  remained  until  his  conse- 
cration. He  receix'ed  the  doct(jrate  in  di\inity  from  llobart  Col- 
lege in  1864. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  Grace  Church,  Newark,  Jan.  <S, 
1880.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Clark,  Vail,  Littlejohn,  M.  A. 
De  Wolfe  Howe,  Scarborough,  and  Seymour.  Starkey's  adminis- 
tration has  been  judicious,  careful,  and  successful.  He  is  a  preacher 
of  rare  gifts,  a  thinker,  and  is  deepl}'  interested  in  all  Church  actixities. 
He  is  sagacious,  conser\-ative,  and  devout.  His  influence  is  felt  not 
alone  at  home,  but  abroad,  where  in  the  Lambeth  Conference  of 
1888  he  took  a  most  useful  and  creditable  part  in  making  more  sure 
and  certain  the  relations  between  the  mother  Church  nf  luigiand  and 
our  own. 

Works. — Cunvcntiun  acklressc-s,  report-.  nn>I  pajier--  i>n  Immigratiiin,  sermons,  etc. 


r^ 


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■^sm^'-'-'  P 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   NICHOLAS  GALLEHER,  D.D. 


Jobn  IRicholas  6aUcbci\ 


Born'  in  Washington,  Ky.,  Feb.  17,  i.S^y,  and  educated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  Galleher  made  choice  of  the  law  for  his 
vocation,  but,  after  taking  a  partial  course  in  preparation  for  admis- 
sion to  the  bar,  turned  his  attention  to  the  sacred  ministry,  and  be- 
came a  candidate  for  holy  orders.  After  pursuing  his  studies  at  the 
General  Theological  Seminary  for  a  time,  he  was  made  a  deacon  in 
Christ  Church,  Louisville,  June  i  7,  1868,  by  Bishop  Cummins.  He 
was  priested  in  Trinity  Church,  \'ew  Orleans,  La.,  May  30,  1869, 
by  Bishop  J.  P.  B.  Wilmer.  His  successive  cures  were  at  Louis- 
\-ille,  Ky.,  as  assistant  in  Christ  Church;  as  rector  of  Trinity,  New 
Orleans;  at  the  Memorial  Church  in  Baltimore  ;  and  at  Zion  Church, 
New  York,  where  he  remained  until  his  election  to  the  episcopate. 
He  received  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  Columbia  in  187-;. 

He  was  consecrated  the  third  bishop  of  Louisiana  in  Trinity 
Church,  New  Orleans,  Feb.  5,  1880,  by  Bishops  Green.  R.  H.  Wil- 
mer, Robertson,  and  Dudley.  He  died,  after  a  successful  ami  wise 
administration  of  his  see,  in  which  his  varied  gifts  and  abilities  were 
fully  recognized  and  admired,  in  New  Orleans,  Dec.  7,   189 1. 

WdKKs. — Episcopal  .iclilresses  ami  senimns. 


263 


/  \ 


RIGHT   REVEREND  GEORGE  KELLY   DUNLOP.  D.D. 


(3corGC  1F\cU^  "Sunlop. 


A  NATIVE  of  County  T\Tont',  Ireland,  where  he  was  born  Nov. 
lo,  1830,  and  educated  at  the  Royal  College  of  Dungannon  and  at 
the  Queen's  University,  Galway,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1852, 
taking  the  second  classical  scholarship,  Dunlop  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  October,  1852. 

After  a  course  of  private  study  in  preparation  for  holy  orders 
he  was  made  a  deacon  in  Palmyra,  Mo.,  Dec.  3,  1854,  by  Bishop 
Hawks,  who  advanced  him  to  priest's  orders,  Aug.  7,  1856.  His 
ministry  was  spent  in  Missouri,  at  St.  Charles ;  as  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  Lexington  ;  and  at  Grace  Church,  Kirkwood,  where  he  re- 
mained until  chosen  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  New  Mexico 
and  Arizona.  During  his  rectorate  at  Lexington  he  was  professor 
of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages  in  a  local  college.  In  1856  he 
declined  a  similar  chair  at  Racine.  In  1880  that  institution  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  divinity. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Chri.st  Church,  St.  Louis,  Nov.  21,  1880, 
by  I^ishops  Whipple,  Robertson,  Spalding,  Perry,  A.  Burgess,  and 
Seymour. 

After  a  laborious  episcopate  in  a  field  at  once  lacking  in  promise 
and  in  opportunity  for  development,  Bishop  Dunlop  died  at  Las 
Cruces,  N.  M.,  March  12,  1888,  and  his  remains  were  interred  under 
the  altar  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Las  Vegas.  He  was  a  godly  and 
learned  man,  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

WiiRKS. — Missionary  repurt-.  an.l  api'LaU. 


^^5iH» 


^^ 


>ti. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  LEIGH   RICHMOND  BREWER,  D.D. 


Xciob  IRicbtnoiib  Brewer. 


Burn  in  Berkshire,  Vt.,  Jan.  20,  1839,  Brewer  was  graduated 
from  Hobart  College  in  1863,  and  from  the  General  Theological 
Seminary  in  1866. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  the  Church  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion, New  York,  July  i,  1866,  by  Bishop  H.  Potter.  His  advance- 
ment to  the  priesthood  took  place  in  Christ  Church,  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
June  16,  1867,  by  Bishop  Coxe.  After  spending  six  years  in  the 
charge  of  Grace  Church,  Carthage,  X.  Y.,  he  became  rector  of 
Trinity  Church,  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  in  which  position  he  continued 
until  his  election  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Montana.  His 
alma  mater  conferred  upon   him  the  doctorate  in  divinity  in  1881. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church,  Dec.  8,  1880,  by  Bishops 
Huntington,  Tuttle,  Bissell,  and  B.  H.  Paddock.  Bishop  Brewer's 
episcopate  has  been  full  of  labors  and  is  not  wanting  in  success. 
He  brought  to  his  work  every  intellectual  and  physical  qualification 
for  a  sagacious  and  conservative  administration.  In  a  frontier  juris- 
diction and  amid  a  ])opulation  ditficult  to  reach  and  influence  in 
spiritual  things,  he  has  made  a  record  of  success  of  which  the  Church 
has  no  reasun  to  be  ashamed.  On  the  foundations  he  has  laid  he 
is  now  witnessing  the  uprising  of  the  fair  and  stately  "  City  of  God." 

WiiKKS. — Missionary  reports,  addresses,  and  appeals. 


267 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   ADAMS  PADDCCK,   D.D. 


John  Hbains  pabbock. 


The  son  of  a  clergyman  honored  antl  remembered  in  his  field  of 
work,  tlie  brother  ot  the  godly  and  able  bishop  (}f  Massachusetts, 
John  Adams  Paddock,  missionary  bishop  of  Washington  Territory, 
and  the  first  bishop  of  the  see  of  Olympia,  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington, was  b(jrn  in  Norwich,  Cnnn.,  Jan.   19,  1825. 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College  in  the  class  of  1845,  'I'l'^l  'it 
the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1849.  I^e  was  ordered  deacon 
in  St.  Peter's,  Cheshire,  Conn.,  July  22,  1849,  by  Bishop  Brownell, 
who  priested  him  in  Christ  Church,  Stratford,  April  30,  1850.  He 
held  but  two  pastoral  charges.  For  five  years  and  a  half  he  served 
at  the  historic  Christ  Chui'ch,  Stratford.  In  1855  he  became  rec- 
tor of  St.  Peter's,  Brooklyn,  N.  \'.,  in  which  position  he  remained 
until  raised  to  the  episcopate.  He  was  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee  of  Long  Island  from  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the 
diocese  until  his  consecration.  His  zeal  for  missions  was  shown  by 
his  faithful  and  long-continued  service  on  the  foreign  committee 
of  the  Board  of  Missions.  Trinity  College  conferred  upon  him  his 
divinity  doctorate  in  i860. 

He  was  consecrated  missionary  bishop  of  Washington  Territory 
in  his  parish  church  in  Brooklyn,  Dec.  15,  1880,  by  Bishops  Bos- 
worth  Smith,  A.  Lee,  H.  Potter,  Stevens,  Tuttle,  B.  H.  Paddock, 
Scarborough,  Penick,  and  Seymour.  His  missionary  episcopate  was 
marked  by  a  phenomenal  development  in  the  material  prosperity  of 
the  see,  as  well  as  by  abundant  spiritual  gains.  He  founded  the 
Annie  C.  Wright  School  for  girls,  a  school  for  boys,  a  college,  a  hos- 
pital, and  other  Church  and  charitable  institutions.  He  was  a  wise 
and  active  master-builder,  and  his  work,  now  that  he  has  passed 
awa_\',  will  be  had  in  everlasting  remembrance.  He  died,  after  a 
long  and  painful  illness,  in  Tacoma,  Wash.,  March  4,  1894. 

WciRKs.  —  I.  "  IIi-.tnry  of  Christ  Church,  Hartford,  Conn."  ;  2.  Tentli  anniversary  ser- 
mon at  St.  Peter's  Church,  Brooklyn  ;  3.  Address  before  tlie  House  of  Convocation,  Trin- 
ity College,  Hartford:  4.  Occasional  sermons,  missionary  reports  and  jiapers,  episcopal 
addresses,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CORTLANDT  WHITEHEAD,  D.D. 


Covtlaiibt  Mbitcbcab, 


The  successor  of  the  erudite  anci  acconiplishetl  Kerf(.)ot  was  born 
iit  New  York,  Oct.  30,  1842. 

Prepared  for  college  at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  1859,  he  entered  Yale  the  same  year,  and  took 
his  A.B.  in  1863.  His  theological  course  was  taken  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Di\'init)-  Schixil,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1867.  He 
received  deacon's  orders  in  Trinity  Church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  June  21, 
1867,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  St.  Mark's  Chapel,  Plack  Hawk, 
Colo.,  Aug.  8,  1868,  by  Bishop  Randall.  Devoting  his  early  ministry 
to  the  western  mission  field,  he  ser\-ed  for  three  )'ears  in  Colorado. 
Returning  to  the  liast,  he  became  rector  of  the  Church  of  the 
Nati\ity,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  which  position  he  held  until  his 
election  to  the  episcopate.  He  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the 
Diocesan  Convention  of  Central  Pennsylvania,  1871-82,  and  was  a 
deputy  to  the  General  Convention  from  the  same  diocese  in  1 87 1  and 
in  1880.  He  received  his  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  Union  in  18S0, 
from  Hobart  in  1887,  and  from  St.  Stephen's  in  1S90. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Pittsburg  in  Trinity  Church,  Pitts- 
burg, Jan.  25,  1882,  by  Bishops  Stevens,  Bedell,  M.  A.  De  Wolfe 
Howe,  Scarborough,  Peterkin,  and  the  bishop  of  Huron,  Out..  Dr. 
Helmuth. 

Of  distinguished  Re\'olutionary  and  colonial  ancestry,  a  graceful 
writer,  a  scholar  of  the  highest  culture,  a  sound  theologian,  a  con- 
servative Churchman,  and  a  genial,  impartial,  great-hearted  bishop 
of  souls,  Whitehead's  episcopate  has  been  from  the  first  specially 
blessed  of  God.  He  is  beloved  by  all  men,  and  the  successes  of  his 
past  give  promise  of  a  brilliant  future. 

Works. — Sermons  and  addresses,  missionary  reports  and  papers. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HIGH   MILLER  THOMPSON,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


1f3iu3b  HDillcv  XTboinpson. 


The  successor  to  the  apostolic  Green,  in  Mississippi,  was  born  in 
the  county  of  Londonderry,  Ireland,  June  5,  1830. 

His  parents  emigrated  to  the  United  States  during  his  ciiildhood, 
and  he  was  fitted  for  college  by  private  instructors  at  Cle\eland,  O. 
He  studied  for  orders  at  Nashotah  House,  Wisconsin,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  diaconate  in  Nashutah  Chapel,  June  6,  1852,  by  Bishop 
Kemper,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  John's  Church, 
Portage,  Wis.,  Aug.  31,  1856.  His  successive  cures  were  Grace 
Church,  Madison,  Wis.  ;  the  Xati\ity,  Ma\'sville,  Ky.  ;  the  missions 
at  Portage  and  Baraboo,  Wis.  ;  St.  John's,  p^lkhorii,  Wis.  ;  the  Atone- 
ment, Milwaukee  ;  St.  Matthew's,Kenosha, \\  is.  ;  Grace,  Galena,  111.  ; 
St.  James's,  Chicago  ;  Christ,  New  York  ;  and  Trinity,  New  Orleans. 
In  i860  he  became  professor  of  ecclesiastical  history  at  Nashotah 
House,  which  position  he  held  together  with  his  recti  irship  in  Ken- 
osha. Here  he  founileil  Kemper  Hall,  a  seminary  foi'  girls,  still 
maintained  with  success.  .At  the  same  time  he  liecame  etlitor  of 
the  "  .American  Churchman,"  whicli  during  the  decade  of  its  exis- 
tence wielded  a  great  inlluence.  He  was  editor  of  the  "  Church 
Journal,"  New  York  (which  had  been  consolidated  with  the  "  Gos- 
])el  Messenger"  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.),  1872-75.  He  receixcd  the 
diictorate  in  divinity  from  Hobart,  1863,  and  the  dnctcnate  of  laws 
from  the  University  of  Mississippi. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop-coadjutor  in  his  parish  church.  New 
Orleans,  Feb.  24,  1883,  by  Bishops  Green,  R.  H.  Wilmer,  Harris, 
and  Galleher.  In  1887,  he  became  the  Diocesan.  His  ci>iscopate 
iias  l:)een  successful  in  the  revival  of  a  measuie  of  the  ante-helhuTl 
prosperity  and  in  the  fostering  of  new  ventures.  His  rare  ability  and 
varied  gifts,  his  jjowers  as  a  metaplu-sician,  a  theologian,  a  scholar 
of  wide  attainments,  and  a  reasoner,  ha\c  been  recognized  at  home 
and  abroad,  lie  is  an  impressi\e  and  oriL;iiial  ])reachcr,  and  a  writer 
of  taste  and  strength. 

Works.  —  I.  "  L'nitv  an.l  its  Restoration  ";  2.  "  Sin  and  I'cnalty  "  :  ^  "  ]<'irst  I'rin- 
ciplfs  "  ;  4.  ■'  Tlif  ICingiiom  of  GotI  "  ;  5.  "  .Misolutiun  "  (second  c.lition,'  1894)  ;  6.  ■'  Is 
Romanism  the  Best  Relijjion  for  the  Republic?";  7.  "  Copy;  Essays  from  an  Editor's 
Drawer"  (1872,  many  editions) ;  8.  "The  World  and  tlie  I,os;os "  (Bedell  Lectures, 
No.  3,  1886);  9.  "The  World  and  the  Kingdom"  (Bishop  Paddock  Lectures,  iSSS)  ; 
10.  "  The  World  and  the  M.in  "  (Baldwin  Lectures,  iSqo) ;  11.  "The  Worlil  and  the 
Wrestlers;  Personality  and  Responsibility"  (Bohlen  Lectures,  1895);  12.  Sermons,  ad- 
dresses, lectures,  pastorals,  etc. 


PIGHT  REVEREND  DAVID  BUEl,  KNICKERBACKER,  D.D. 


IDavib  Bud  Hxnichcrbachcv. 


Till",  third  incumbent  of  the  see  which,  held  ji  liiitK"  with  Missouri 
by  Kemper  as  a  missionary  juristiiction,  had  numbered  Upfohl  and 
Talbot  as  its  diocesans,  was  born  at  Schat;hticoke,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  24, 

1833- 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  1S53,  and  at  the  General 
Theological  Seminary,  1856.  He  received  deac(.>n's  ortlers  in  Trin- 
ity Church,  New  York,  June  29,  1856,  from  Bishop  H.  Totter,  and 
was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  Gethsemane  Church,  Minneapolis, 
July  12,  1857,  by  Bishop  Kemper.  His  sole  rectorate  was  that  of 
Gethsemane  Church,  in  which  he  was  priested,  and  from  which  he 
was  called,  after  a  quarter-century's  work,  to  the  office  and  admin- 
istration of  a  bishop  in  the  Church  of  Gud.  He  was  a  deput}'  to 
succcessive  General  Conventions,  and  a  member  of  the  standing 
committee  of  Minnesota,  for  more  than  twenty  years.  He  was  the 
founder  of  St.  Barnabas's  Hospital  and  of  the  Orphans'  Home  in 
Minneapolis,  and  was  acti\'e  in  the  development  of  the  Church  in 
and  about  Minneapolis,  which  during  his  rectorate  grew  from  a  \il- 
lage  of  five  hundred  souls  into  a  cit\'  with  nearly  one  hundred  thou- 
sand inhabitants.  Trinit}-  Ci)]lege  conferred  u])on  him  the  doctorate 
in  divinity  in  1873. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Indiana  in  St.  Mark's  Church, 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  14,  1883,  by  l^ishops  Coxe,  Whipple,  Robertson, 
Niles,  Lyman,  Scarborough,  Gillespie,  and  Seymour,  together  with 
the  Most  Re\-.  Dr.  Medle\',  bishop  of  Fredericton  and  metropol- 
itan. Knickerbacker  threw  himself  into  the  work  of  the  diocese 
with  the  activity  and  earnestness  which  had  marked  his  rectorate. 
He  founded  educational  and  charitable  institutions,  secured  entlow- 
ments,  and  gave  himself  in  tireless  labor  to  the  work  of  the  Church 
inider  his  charge.  Spared  to  see  great  results  of  his  exertions,  and 
winning  the  regard  and  love  of  all  men,  he  died  suddenly,  at 
Indianapolis,  Dec.  31,  1894,  and  the  laments  of  all  good  men  followed 
his  body  to  its  burial. 

Works. — i.  Parish  reports  and  papers  ;  2.  Kpi.scopal  addresses,  jiasturals,  and  sermons. 


KIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY  CODMAN   POTTER,   D.D.,   I.I..D.,   D.C.L. 


1f3cnr^  Co^nlan  pottcv. 


The  son  fif  the  great  bishop  of  I'ennsyhania,  and  the  coadjutor 
and  successor  of  his  venerable  uncle,  the  fifth  bishop  of  New  York, 
Henry  Codman  Potter  was  born  in  Schenectad}-,  N.  Y.,  May  25,  1835. 

Educated  in  the  Episcopal  Academy,  Philadelphia,  he  entered 
upon  a  business  career,  which  after  a  few  months  he  abandoned  for 
a  course  of  preparation  for  holy  orders.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
Virginia  Theological  Seminary,  1S37.  He  \\as  admitted  to  the 
diaconate  in  St.  Luke's  Church,  l'hiladeli.)liia,  Ala_\'  2~i ,  1857,  by  his 
father,  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter.  He  receixeil  priest's  orders  in  Trin- 
ity Church,  Pittsburg,  Oct.,  15,  1858,  from  the  bishop-coadjut()r, 
Dr.  Samuel  Bowman.  His  successi\e  pastorates  were  at  Christ 
Church,  Greensburg,  Pa.,  1857,  1858;  St.  John's,  Troy,  N.  Y., 
1859—66;  Trinit}',  Boston,  as  assistant  on  the  Greene  P'oundation  ; 
and  1866-68,  rector  of  Grace  Church,  New  \'ork,  in  which  position 
he  remained  until  his  election  to  the  coadjutor  episcopate.  He  was 
the  secretary  of  the  House  of  Bishops  from  1865  to  1883.  He  re- 
fused the  presidency  of  Kenyon  in  1863,  and  the  bishopric  of  Iowa 
in  1875.  He  recei\ed  from  I'nion  College  the  degrees  of  A.M.  in 
1863,  IJ.D.  in  1865,  and  LL.l).  in  1878.  lie  has  also  the  D.D.  from 
Har\'ard  and  the  Uni\ersit\"  of  O.xford.  J'^ngland,  and  an  LL.D.  from 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  England. 

Dr.  Potter  was  c<:>nsecrated  October  20,  1883,  in  his  parish  church 
in  New  York,  by  Bishops  Bosworth  Smith,  J.  Williams,  Clark, 
Whipple,  Stevens,  Littlejohn,  Doane,  and  Huntington.  He  became 
diocesan  in  1887.  He  has  specially  signalized  his  episcopate  by  the 
establishment  of  the  Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Di\ine,  and  the  found- 
ing and  furthering  of  institutions  and  Church  charities  of  the  widest 
possible  influence  for  good.  Indefatigable  in  labor,  cultured,  toler- 
ant, anil  sagacious,  the  bishop's  efforts  ha\e  btx-n  fairly  di\'ided 
among  all  classes  and  conditions  ol  nien.  I'.xen  the  "  slums  "  of  the 
great  cit}'  o\er  which  he  has  the  sjjii'itual  rule  ha\e  recei\'ed  his 
personal  attention;  and  his  residence  for  a  time  in  "  darkest"  New 
York  will  be  remembered  exeu  when  his  shining  abilities  and  his 
abundant  ser\-ices  to  the  Church  and  State  have  ])assed  fiom  mind. 

WiiKKS.  —  I.  "  Thirty  Years  Reviewed";  2.  "  Our  Threefold  Victory  "  :  3.  "Young 
Men's  Christian  Associations  and  their  Work";  4.  "The  Cliurch  and  her  Children"; 
5.  "The  Relitjion  for  To-day";  6.  "Sisterhoods  and  Deaconesses  "  (1S71) :  7.  "  Tlie 
Ciates  of  tl>e  h'.ast  "  (1S76):  S.  "  Sermon^  of  tlie  City"  (iSSi);  9.  Chari;e  on  "The 
Offices  of  Wardens  and  Vestrvinen  "  ;   10.  "  Wayinarl<s  "  (1891);  11.  Addresses,  etc. 

277 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ALFRED  MAGILL  RANDOLPH,  D.D. 


Hlfvcb  flDatjill  IRanbolpfx 


The  bishop-coadjutor  of  his  native  State,  and  the  first  bishop  of 
Southern  Virginia,  was  born  in  Winchester,  P^rederick  County,  Va., 
Aug.  31,  1836,  and  was  graduated  from  WiUiam  and  Mary  College 
in  1855,  ami  from  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Virginia  in  1858. 

He  was  made  a  deacon  by  Bishop  Meade  in  the  seminary 
chapel,  Juh'  2,  185S,  and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood,  No\-.  iS, 
]  860,  in  St.  George's,  Fredericksburg,  by  Bishop  Johns.  His  first 
rectorate  was  at  l<"redericksburg,  in  St.  George's  Church.  His  sec- 
ond and  only  other  charge  was  Emmanuel  Church,  Baltimore,  of 
which  he  was  rector  when  called  to  the  episcopal  oflfice.  He  re- 
ceived the  doctorate  in  ilivinity  from  his  alma  mater  in  1875. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  in  I^altimore,  (Jet.  21, 
1883,  by  Bishops  Alfred  Lee,  W.  B.  \V.  Howe,  Dudley,  Perry,  Bur- 
gess, and  Peteikin. 

In  1894  the  diocese  of  Virginia  was  divided,  antl  Bishop  Rantlolph 
chose  the  new  see  of  Southern  Virginia  as  his  charge.  Bishop  Ran- 
dolph's rectorates  were  notably  successful  in  spiritual  results  and  in 
material  prosperity.  In  his  episcopal  work  he  has  displa}-ed  the 
same  energy,  ability,  and  tolerant  catholicity  wliich  marked  his 
earlier  ministry.  In  his  conscientious  and  active  following  of  the 
traditions  of  the  original  see  of  Virginia  he  has  endeared  himself 
to  an  attached  and  grateful  people. 

Wdrks. — Episcopal  addresses,  pastorals,  sermons,  and  tracts. 


RIGHT  RUVEREND  WII.IJAM   DAVID  WAI.KbR.  D.D.,  LL.D.,   D.C.L. 


Milliain  iDavi^  MallKn\ 


A  NATIVE  of  New  York  City,  where  lie  was  born  June  2q,  18:59, 
Walker  was  graduated  from  Columbia  College,  1859,  ami  from  the 
General  Theological  Seminary,  1862. 

lie  was  admitted  to  deacon's  orders  in  the  Church  of  the  Trans- 
figuration, New  York,  June  29,  1862,  by  Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  who 
advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  Calvary  Church,  New  ^'o^k,  I  tine 
29,  1863.  His  ministry  was  spent  as  an  assistant  at  Cal\ar_\-,  ha\-- 
ing  special  oversight  of  the  parish  chapel,  in  which  his  fostering 
care  developed  a  large  congregation,  with  all  the  activities  of  an 
independent  city  parish.  It  wa--  in  liis  masterful  management  of 
this  important  charge  that  he  displayed  that  ability  as  a  man  oi 
affairs,  that  wise  judgment,  and  that  conser\-ati\e  Churchmanship 
which,  added  to  his  powers  as  a  preacher  and  sernionizcr,  and  his 
large-hearted  sympathies  for  all  classes,  led  the  House  of  Bishops 
to  nominate  him  for  the  missionar\'  e[jiscopate  of  North  Dakota. 
He  received  his  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Racine,  1884,  and  from 
the  Universit}'  of  Oxford,  1894.  In  1886  Griswold  College  ga\'e 
him  the  LL.D.,  which  he  also  recei\'ed  from  Trinity  College,  Dub- 
lin, 1894.  He  is  a  D.C.L.  of  the  University  of  King's  College,  Wind- 
sor, N.  S. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Calvary  Church,  New  \'  irk,  1  )ec.  20,  I  S83, 
by  Bishops  Clark,  Coxe,  Clarkson,  Morris,  Littlejohn,  B.  H.  Paddock, 
J.'  A.  Paddock,  and  H.  C.  Potter. 

He  has  tor  a  number  of  years  served  as  one  of  the  go\ernment 
commissioners  to  whom  the  charge  of  the  Indians  is  committed.  In 
his  abundant  and  succes.^ful  labors  he  makes  use  of  the  "cathedral 
car,"  by  means  of  which  he  preaches  and  officiates  in  a  hundred  and 
more  hamlets  and  villages  to  which  the  Word  and  the  Sacraments 
can  come  in  no  other  way.  He  is  widely  known  and  beloved  at 
home  and  abroad.  His  de\-otion  to  the  Indians  within  the  limits  of 
his  see  has  resulted  in  the  e\'angelization  of  numbers  of  the  red  men. 
His  work,  which  abounds  in  requirements  of  self-denial,  tedious 
and  comfortless  journeyings,  and  exposure  to  dangers  seen  and  un- 
seen, has  endcareil  him  to  Churchmen  e\-er\-where  ;  and  his  ingeni- 
ous expedient  for  bringing  the  Church's  ministrations  to  the  scat- 
tered and  isolated  people  of  his  charge  has  been  adiipted  elsewhere. 

Works. — Occasional  sermons,  missionary  reports,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ALFRED  AUGUSTIN  WATSON,  D.D. 


Hltvcb  Huoustin  Matson. 


Ix  1883  the  diocese  of  East  Carolina  was  created  out  of  the  east- 
ern portion  of  the  original  see.  The  first  bishop  of  the  new  diocese 
was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Aug.  21,  181 8. 

He  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  New  York  in  1837.  De- 
voting himself  to  the  study  of  law,  he  was  admitted  in  1841  to  prac- 
tice in  the  Supreme  Court  of  his  native  State.  After  a  year's  suc- 
cessful efTort  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  sacred  ministry,  and, 
having  taken  a  full  course  of  stud\-,  he  was  admitted  to  the  diaco- 
nate  in  St.  Ann's  Church,  Brooklyn,  Nov.  3,  1844,  by  Bishop  B.  T. 
Onderdonk.  He  was  priested  by  Bishop  Ives  in  St.  John's,  Fayette- 
ville,  N.  C,  May  25,  1845.  The  first  fourteen  years  of  his  ministry 
were  spent  at  Grace  Church,  Plymouth,  and  St.  Luke's,  Washington 
County,  N.  C.  In  1838  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  Christ  Church, 
Newbern,  N.  C.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  be- 
came chaplain  to  the  Second  Regiment  of  the  State  troops.  At  the 
close  (jf  the  strife  he  accepted  the  position  of  assistant  to  Bisho]_) 
Atkinson,  who  was  the  rector  of  St.  James's  Church,  Wilmington. 
In  1864  he  succeeded  to  the  rectorship,  and  continued  in  this  post 
until  elected  to  the  episcopate.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divin- 
ity from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1868.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  standing  committee  of  the  diocese  and  a  deputy  to  the 
General  Conventions  for  many  years. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  at  Wilmington,  April  1  7, 
1884,  by  Bishops  Green,  Neely,  W.  B.  W.  Howe,  Lyman,  Seymour, 
and  Randolph.  Bishop  Watson  is  a  well-read  theologian,  a  scholar 
of  rare  ability,  probabh-  the  most  accomplished  and  capable  canon- 
ist in  the  Church,  and  a  man  of  the  highest  culture.  He  is  at  once 
re\-ered  and  beloved,  and  his  administration  has  been  attended  with 
a  marked  development  of  the  spiritualities  and  temporalities  of  the 
Church  under  his  care. 

Wi.iRKs. — Occasional  sermons,  episcopal  addresses,  essays,  tracts,  etc. 


&■ 


v 


'f- 


/ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  JONES  BOONE,  D.D. 


Milliain  Jones  :fi5oonc. 


The  son  of  the  first  bishop  of  the  American  Church  in  China  (a 
nephew  of  the  first  bishop  of  Georgia  and  a  cousin  of  the  first  bishop 
of  Western  Texas;  born  at  Shanghai,  May  17,  1S46,  and,  famihar 
from  his  earhest  years  with  mission  Hfe  and  work)  was  chosen  by 
the  Church  in  the  United  States  as  the  fourth  bishop  to  China. 

Sent  to  tlie  United  States  for  his  education,  he  was  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  the  class  of  1865,  and  pursued  his  studies  for  orders 
at  the  Philadelphia  and  Virginia  schools.  He  was  admitted  to  dea- 
con's orders  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  Petersburg,  Va.,  July  26,  1868. 
by  Bishop  Beckwith,  and  was  ortlaineil  to  the  priesthood  Oct.  28, 
1870,  in  the  Church  of  St.  lohn  the  Kxangelist,  Hankow,  China,  b\- 
Bisho])  C.  M.  Williams. 

While  in  this  coinitr_\-  Boone  ser\-ed  as  an  assistant  minister  at 
Emmanuel  Chinch,  Athens,  Ca.,  ami  as  rector  of  St.  James's,  Pufala. 
Ala.  Appointed  to  the  mission  at  Wuchang,  China,  he  remained 
at  this  post  for  ten  years,  after  which  he  became  the  head  and 
chaplain  of  the  theological  department  of  St.  John's  College.  He 
was  a  member  and  for  a  time  the  president  of  the  standing  commit- 
tee of  the  mission.  Kenyon  ga\e  him  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  at 
the  time  of  his  consecration. 

Chosen  to  succeed  the  scholarly  Schere^chcw  sky  at  a  special 
meeting  of  the  House  of  Bishops  in  April,  1.SS4,  he  was  conse- 
crated in  the  English  Cathedral  i)f  the  Hol\-  Trinity,  Shanghai, 
Oct.  28,  1884,  by  Bishop  C.  M.  Williams  .md  the  Rt.  Rev."  Dr. 
Ge<:)rge  Evans  IVIoule  and  the  Rt.  Re\-.  Dr.  Charles  Perry  Scott,  of 
the  English  Churcli.  After  a  brief  episcopate  ]3ishop  Boone  died 
at  his  post.  He  was  faithful,  self-den_\-ing,  and  dex'out.  His  life 
was  consecrated  to  the  missionary  work,  and  his  works  follow  him. 

WnnKs.  —  Missioiuiry  rc-purts  ami  paptirs,  traiislatinr.s  ami  ])asti>ral.s. 


285 


^^^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  NELSON  SO.WERVILLE  RULISON,  D.D. 


1Flcl8on  Soincvvillc  IRulieon. 


Bf)KN  in  Carthage,  N.  Y.,  April  24,  1842,  Riilison  received  his 
education  at  the  Gouverneur  Academy  ui  his  nati\e  place,  and  at 
the  General  Theological  Seminar}',  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1866. 

He  was  made  a  deacon  in  Grace  Church,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Ma\'  27, 
1866,  by  Bishop  Coxe,  and  received  the  priesthood  from  Bishop 
Horatio  Potter  in  the  Church  of  the  Annunciation,  New  York,  Nov. 
30,  1866.  His  ministr)'  was  spent  at  the  Annunciation,  New  York, 
as  assistant  minister;  at  Ziun  Church,  Morris,  N.  Y.  ;  St.  John's, 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.  ;  and  St.  Paul's,  Cle\eland,  O.  He  was  a  deputy 
to  the  General  Ci>n\'entiiin  from  the  diocese  of  Ohio,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  standing  committee.  He  receixed  the  doctorate  in  divinity 
from  Kenyon  in  1879. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  of  Central  Pennsylvania  in 
St.  Paul's,  Cleveland,  O,,  Oct.  28,  1884,  by  Bishops  Bedell',  Stevens, 
M.  A,  De  W'olfe  Howe,  Jaggar,  McLaren,  Harris,  Whitehead,  and 
Knickerbacker.  On  the  death  of  Bishop  Howe,  July  31,  1895, 
Bishop  Rnlison  became  the  diocesan  in  fact,  although  Bishop  Howe 
had  in  1889  practically  withdrawn  from  the  episcopal  o\'ersight  of 
the  diocese,  and  had  made  his  coailjutnr  the  ecclesiastical  authority 
of  the  see.  Bishop  Rulison  has  been  specially  interested  in  the 
educational  and  missionary  work  of  the  see,  anil  by  his  zeal  and 
earnestness  has  achieved  marked  successes. 

Wc.iKKS.  —  I.  "  Ili'-toiy  of  .St.  Paul's  Churcli,  Cleveland,  <'.";  2.  Baldwin  Lectures, 
(^■^95);  3-  ^'ecasional  sernmns,  episcopal  addresses,  and  essays. 


287 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   PARET,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


MilUatn  Ipavct. 


On  the  death  of  the  devout  and  excellent  Pinkney  the  Conven- 
tion of  the  diocese  of  Maryland  chose  as  the  sixth  bishop  of  the  see 
the  rector  of  the  largest  parish  in  the  capital  city,  whose  parochial 
successes  had  long  before  marked  him  for  the  episcopate.  William 
Paret  was  born  in  New  York,  Sept.  23,  1826. 

He  was  graduated  from  Hobart  in  the  class  of  1849,  and  pursued 
his  studies  for  holy  orders  under  the  direction  of  the  great  De 
Lancey.  He  was  made  a  deacon  in  Trinity  Church,  Geneva,  July  2, 
1852,  by  Bishop  Carlton  Chase,  and  received  priest's  orders  from 
Bishop  De  Lancey  in  Grace  Church,  Rochester,  June  28,  1853.  His 
ministry  was  spent  successi\ely  at  St.  John's,  Clyde,  N.  Y.  ;  Zion, 
Pierrepont  Manor,  X.  Y.  ;  St.  Paul's,  East  Saginaw,  Mich.  ;  Trinity, 
Elmira,  N.  Y.  ;  Christ  Church,  W'illiamsport,  Pa.  ;  and  the  Church 
of  the  Epiphany,  Washington,  D.  C.  His  alma  mater  conferred 
ui)on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1867,  and  that  uf  LL.D.  in  1886. 

He  was  consecrated  the  sixth  bishop  of  Maryland  in  his  parish 
church,  Jan.  8,  1885,  by  Bishops  Alfred  Lee,  Lay,  Ste\ens,  Neely, 
W.  B.  W.  Howe,  Lyman,  Perry,  R.  W.  B.  Elliott,  and  Whitehead. 
His  episcopate  has  been  marked  by  abundant  labors  and  unusual 
successes.  A  wise  administrator,  sound  and  conservative  in  his 
judgments,  a  theologian,  a  canonist,  a  scholar,  and  preeminently  a 
man  of  business  and  affairs,  he  has  stamped  the  impress  of  a  strong 
will  and  a  masterful  mind  upon  his  see. 

WiiRKS.  —  I.  "  St.  Peter  anil  the  Primacy  "  (lecture  before  the  Church  Club  of  New 
York);  2.  Canonical  digests,  charges,  and  sermons. 


289 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  WORTHINGTON,   D.D.,  I.L.D. 


(Bcoroc  Movtbiiujton. 


The  successor  of  the  dex'oted  ClarksDii  in  the  see  of  Nebraska 
was  born  in  Lenox,  Mass.,  Oct.  14,  1840. 

He  was  graduated  at  Hobart  College  in  the  class  of  I S60,  and 
at  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1863.  He  was  admitted 
t(i  the  diaconate  in  the  Church  nf  the  Annunciation,  New  York, 
June  28,  1863,  by  Bishiip  jlinatin  r<.>tter,  who  advanced  him  to 
the  priesthood  in  the  Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  Jan.  2g,  1864. 
His  successi\'e  charges  were  St.  Paul's,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  as  assistant; 
Christ  Church,  Ballston  Spa,  N.  \'.  ;  and  .St.  John's,  Detroit,  Mich. 
At  St.  lohn's  he  remained  for  seventeen  years,  ministering  to  an 
attached  and  devoted  congregation,  and  ha\ing  one  of  the  largest 
communicant  lists  in  the  Church. 

While  exercising  his  priesthood  uniler  circumstances  of  such  an 
exceptional  character  he  was  a  deputy  to  the  General  Convention 
from  Michigan,  the  president  of  the  standing  committee,  and  exam- 
ining chaplain  of  the  bishop,  and  a  leader  in  all  Church  activities  in 
the  city  and  in  the  diocese.  During  the  \'acancy  of  the  see,  1878— 
79,  he  was  twice  nominated  b}-  the  clerical  vote  to  the  episcopate 
of  Michigan,  but  the  lait_\'  failed  to  cnnfirm  this  choice.  In  1888 
the  House  of  Bishops  appninted  him  missionary  bishop  to  China, 
but  he  declined  this  election,  as  he  did  that  of  the  diocese  of 
Nebraska  in  1884.  Dr.  Worthington  recei\'ed  his  degrees  in  tli\in- 
ity  and  laws  from  Hobart  College. 

Later  he  accepted  the  Nebraska  see,  and  was  consecrated  in  his 
parish  church  in  Detroit,  Feb.  24,  1885,  by  Bishops  Coxe,  Hare,  Gil- 
lespie, McLaren,  Perry,  Seymour,  Harris,  and  H.  C.  Potter.  His 
administration  has  been  marked  by  a  great  development  in  the  ma- 
terial and  spiritual  afTairs  of  the  see.  Its  rapid  growth  under  the 
laborious  oversight  of  its  head  led  to  the  creation  in  1889,  out  of 
the  western  part  of  the  diocese,  of  the  missionary  jurisdiction  of  The 
Platte.  The  bishop  is  tlexnted  to  his  see,  wise  and  sagacious  in  his 
judgments,  conservative  in  his  Churchmanship,  and  impresses  clergy 
and  laity  alike  with  his  consecration  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  and 
to  the  advance  of  the  cause  and  Church  of  Christ. 

Works. — Episcopal  ail.lresses  and  uccasional  disciiur.ses,  essays,  reviews,  etc. 


,^ 


\> 


'/■ 


m 


RIGHT  REVEREND  SAMUEL  DAVID  FERGUSON,  D.D. 


Sanuicl  IDavib  jFcvouson. 


The  successor  of  Payne,  Auer,  and  Penick  in  the  missionary  see 
of  Cape  Palmas  and  parts  adjacent  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa  was 
born  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  Jan.  i,  1842. 

His  parents,  on  emigrating  ti)  Liberia,  placed  him  in  the  mission 
Church  schools  under  the  charge  of  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Hoffman.  His 
studies  in  theology  were  pursued  under  the  charge  of  the  mission 
clergy,  with  the  oversight  of  tlie  first  bishop  of  Cape  Palmas  and 
the  Rev.  (afterward  Bishop)  J.  G.  Auer.  Bishop  Payne  admitted 
him  to  the  diaconate  in  St.  Mark's,  Cape  Palmas,  Dec.  31,  1865, 
and  ad\-anced  him  to  the  priesthood,  March  15,  1867,  in  Trinity 
Church,  Monrovia.  In  1885  Kenyon  conferred  upon  him  the  doc- 
torate in  dixinity. 

He  was  consecrated  missionary  bisliop,  June  24,  1885,  in  Grace 
Church,  New  York,  b_\-  Bishops  AU'red  Lee.  Stevens,  Littlejohn, 
Starkey,  and  H.  C.  Potter. 

WnRKS. — Missionary  repovt^,  episcopal  addresses,  appeals,  and  pamphlets. 


RIGHT  REVEREND   EDWIN  GARDNER   WEED,  D.D. 


lE^\vin  (3arbncv  Mecb. 


Born  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  Jul\-  23,  1847,  the  successor  of  Rutledge 
and  Young  was  educated  at  first  at  the  University  of  Georgia,  and 
tiien  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  Germany,  and  studied  for  holy 
iir<lers  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1870. 

He  was  atlmitted  to  the  diaconate  in  St.  Luke's  Church,  Darien, 
Conn.,  Aug.  24,  1870,  by  Bishop  Beckwith,  who  ad\anced  him  to 
the  priesthood  in  the  Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Summerville, 
Ga.,  Dec.  29,  1871.  His  sole  ministerial  charge  was  the  rectorship 
of  the  parish  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  SunnTier\ille.  In  1886  Racine 
College  conferred  upon  him  the  doctorate  in  di\inity. 

His  consecration  to  the  see  of  Florida  took  place  in  .St.  jnhn's 
Church,  Jackson\-ille,  Aug.  11,  1886,  by  Bishops  Ouintard,  \V.  B. 
■W.  Howe,  R.  W.  B.  lUliott,  Seymour,  and  Galleher. 

\\  iiKKs.  —  l';i>isi.'ii>;il  addreises,  occasiunal  sermim.s,  reports,  a)ipeal.s,  etc. 


RIGHT   REVERHND  MAHLON   NORRIS  GILBERT,   D.D. 


m^ablon  IRovvis  Gilbert 


The  first  bishop-coadjutor  appointed  for  the  see  of  ^Minnesota 
was  born  in  Laurens,  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.,  March  2,^    1848. 

He  received  liis  education  at  Hobart,  which  he  was  compelled  to 
leave  in  the  junior  year,  in  consequence  of  ill  health.  After  an  in- 
terval of  health-seeking  and  teaching,  he  resumed  his  studies  and 
prepared  for  orders  at  the  Seabury  Divinity  School.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  diaconate  in  the  cathedral,  Faribault,  Minn.,  June  20, 
1875,  by  Bishop  Whipple.  He  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in 
St.  James's  Church,  Deer  Lodge,  Mont.,  Oct.  17,  1875,  by  Bishop 
Tuttle.  His  ministry  was  spent  at  Deer  Lodge  and  Helena,  Mont., 
and  at  Christ  Church,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  where  he  was  rector  when 
elected  to  the  coadjutor  bishopric.  His  degrees  in  divinity  were 
received  from  Hobart,  Seabury,  and  Racine. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  James's  Church,  Chicago,  C)ct.  1 7. 
1886,  by  Bishops  Alfred  Lee,  Bedell,  Whipple,  Co.xe,  Doane,  Tut- 
tle, Brewer,  Knickerbacker,  and  H.  C.  Potter.  His  episcopate  has 
been  vigorous,  impartial,  and  marked  with  success. 

Works. — Missionary  reports,  episcopal  addresses,  etc. 


^V^"-'^^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ELISHA  SMITH  THOMAS,  D.D. 


lElisba  Sinitb  Xlbontae. 


The  coadjutor  and  successor  of  the  excellent  and  de\-oted  Vail 
in  the  see  of  Kansas  was  born  at  Wickford,  R.  I.,  ]\Iarch  2,  1834. 

He  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  the  class  of  185S,  and  at  the  Ber- 
keley Div'inity  School  in  1861.  He  received  deacon's  orders  in  the 
parish  church  of  his  natixe  tnun.  May  17,  1861,  from  Bishop  Clark, 
and  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  by  Bishop  Williams  in  St. 
Paul's  Church.  New  Haven,  Conn..  April  5,  1862.  His  ministry 
was  spent  at  St.  Paul's,  New  Ha\en  ;  as  rector  of  the  Seabury  Divin- 
ity School,  Faribault.  Minn.  ;  at  St.  Mark's,  Minneapolis ;  and  at  St. 
Paul's,  St.  Paul.  His  doctorate  in  divinity  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  his  alma  mater,  Yale,  by  Seabury,  and  by  Kenyon,  all  in  1887. 

His  consecration  as  assistant  bishop  of  Kansas  took  place  at  his 
parish  church  in  St.  I'aul.  May  4.  1887.  His  consecrators  were 
Bishops  Whipple,  \'ail.  Tuttle,  Brown,  Knickerbacker,  and  Gilbert. 
On  the  death  of  Bishop  Vail,  ( )ct.  (>.  1889,  he  succeeded  as  diocesan. 
He  died  March  9,  1895. 

Bishop  Thomas  was  a  scholar  of  rare  attainments,  a  metaphysi- 
cian, a  theologian,  and  a  man  of  wide  and  varied  culture.  His 
early  death  depri\-ed  the  Church  in  Kansas  and  at  large  of  a  man 
of  promise,  a  true-hearted  and  dexotcd  bishop  of  the  Church  of 
God. 

Works.— I.  "Thelntcllectu.il  Dem.ina  for  Gmr';  2.  "  The  .\pocalypie "  :  3.  Es- 
says, addresses,  pastorale,  sermons,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ETHELBERT  TALBOT,  D.D.,   L1..D. 


lEtbclbcvt  Talbot 


The  first  bishop  of  the  see  of  Wyoming'  and  Idaho  was  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  was  born  at  Fayette,  in  that  State,  Oct.  9,  1848. 

He  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H.,  in  the 
class  of  1870,  and  received  his  degree  of  S.T.ll  from  the  General 
Theological  Seminary  on  his  graduation  in  1873.  He  was  ordered 
deacon  on  St.  Peter's  ilay,  June  29,  1873,  at  the  Church  of  the 
Transfiguration,  New  York,  by  Bishop  Robertson.  He  was  ad- 
vanced to  the  priesthood  by  the  same  bishop,  in  St.  Mar_\''s  Church, 
at  his  birthplace,  Fayette,  Nov.  4,  1874.  From  1873  to  1887  he 
was  rector  of  St.  James's,  Macon  City,  Mo.,  and  of  St.  James's  Mili- 
tary Academy  in  the  same  place,  of  which  he  was  the  founder.  He 
received  the  degrees  of  S.T.  D.  from  the  General  Theological  Sem- 
inary in  1887,  the  D.D.  from  Dartmouth  and  the  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  Missouri. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  missionary  episcopate  of  Wyoming 
and  Idaho  in  Christ  Church,  St.  Louis,  May  27,  1S87,  by  Bishops 
W'hipple,  Ouintartl,  Tuttle,  Spalding,  Perry,  Burgess,  and  Seymour. 
He  visited  England  to  attend  the  Missionary  Conference  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  London  in  1894,  where  his  eloquence  aiul 
his  inimitable  recitals  of  missionary  incident  and  adventure  won  for 
liim  friends  everywhere.  Bishop  Talbot  has  refused  opportunities 
for  translation,  and  has  remained  with  his  clergy  in  the  mission 
field  to  which  the  Church  has  sent  him.  He  has  been  abundant 
in  labors  and  has  laid  broad  foundations.  Cathedral,  hospital, 
churches,  and  schools  have  been  provided  for  this  distant  field,  antl 
the  work  has  been  signally  blessed. 

Works. — Educational  pamphlets,  missionary  papers  and  reports,  aiKlrcsses  abroad 
and  at  home,  pastorals,  appeals,  sermons,  etc. 


^.Jtes^ 


¥ 


RIGHT   REVEREND  JAMES  STEPTOE  JOHNSTON,  D.D. 


Janic8  Stcptoc  Johnston. 


BOKN  at  Cluirch  Hill,  Jefferson  County,  Miss.,  June  9,  184^,  the 
successor  of  the  lamented  Mlliott  was  educated  at  Oakland  College, 
Miss.,  and  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 

At  tile  breaking  out  of  tiie  war  he  entered  the  Confederate  army, 
receiving  a  commission  ere  tlie  close  of  the  struggle.  After  a  full 
course  of  stud_\-  for  the  profession  of  the  law  and  admission  to  the 
bar,  he  turned  his  thoughts  tnward  the  sacred  ministr\-,  and  was 
admitted  to  holy  orders  in  Christ  Church,  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  Dec. 
22,  l86y,  In-  I^ishop  Green,  who  pricstetl  him  in  Trinit}-,  Natchez, 
April  30,  1871.  His  ministerial  work  was  spent  at  St.  James's 
Church,  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  1870-76;  the  Ascension,  Mount  Ster- 
Hng,  Ky.,  1866-80;  and  Trinity,  Mobile,  Ala.,  1880-88.  He  re- 
ceived the  doctorate  in  divinit\-  from  tlie  Uni\-ersity  of  the  S(.)uth 
in  1888. 

He  was  consecrated  missiiuiar)'  bislnip  <;>f  Western  Texas,  in 
Trinity,  Mobile,  his  parish  church,  Jan.  6,  1888,  b\-  Bishops  R.  H. 
Wilmer,  Dudle}',  Harris,  Galleher,  and  Thompson.  His  episcopate 
lias  been  signalized  by  the  de\elopment  of  the  Church  educational 
institutions  of  the  diocese,  the  increase  in  tlie  number  of  the  workers, 
and  the  consequent  adwince  of  the  work,  and  b)-  his  self-denying 
and  untiring  labors. 

Wi.)RKS. — Mis.sionary  reports  and  appeals,  sermons  and  adtlresses. 


>»^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ABIEL   LEONARD,  D.D. 


Hbicl  Xconavb. 


The  first  missionary  bishop  of  W\-omin;j;  and  Idaho,  Dr.  luhel- 
bert  Talbot,  and  the  second  incumbent  of  the  missionary  see  of 
Nevada  and  Utali,  Dr.  Leonard,  were  born  in  the  same  town  of 
Fayette,  Mo.,  were  prepared  for  college  at  the  same  schools,  were 
graduated,  at  the  same  time  and  from  the  same  classes,  at  Dart- 
mouth and  the  General  Theological  Seminary,  were  ordained  to  the 
diaconate  and  priesthood  at  the  same  time,  and  their  jurisdictions 
are  side  by  side. 

Abiel  Leonard  was  born  Jmie  20,  1848,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
class  of  1870  at  Dartmouth,  and  of  the  class  of  1873  at  the  General 
Theological  Seminar}-.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  Church  of 
the  Transfiguration,  New  York,  June  29,  1873,  by  Bishop  Robertson, 
who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  Mary's,  Fayette,  Mo., 
Nov.  4,  1874.  He  served  successi\ely  as  rector  of  Calvary  Church, 
Sedalia,  Mo.,  Trinity,  ILuinihal,  Mo.,  and  Trinity,  Atchison,  Kan., 
occupying,  besides,  prominent  positions  in  the  dioceses  where  he 
served,  and  giving  promise,  in  his  abundant  and  efficient  work,  of 
his  future  ele\-ation  to  the  episcopate.  He  received  the  doctorate 
in  divinity  from  Griswold  College,  Davenport,  la.,  and  from  Bethany, 
Topeka,  Kan.,  in  1887. 

He  was  consecrated  missionary  bishop  (jf  Nevada  and  Utah  in 
Christ  Church,  St.  Louis,  Jan.  25,  t888,  by  Bishops  Vail,  Ouintard, 
Tuttle,  Perry,  Burgess,  Seymour,  Walker,  Thomas,  and  Talbot.  The 
General  Convention  of  1895  increased  his  cares  by  temporarily 
adding  Western  Colorado  to  his  jurisdiction,  with  a  change  in  his 
style  to  "bishop  of  Nevada,  Utah,  and  Western  Colorado."  His 
work  has  been  devoted  and  successful.  Under  his  wise  adminis- 
tration foundations  have  been  laid  and  results  attained  which  will 
make  the  episcopate  of  Bishojj  Leonard  memorable  for  all  time  to 
come. 

WciKKS. — Serniuns,  addresses,  etc. 


f! 


?f 


IN 


RIGHT  REVEREND  I.EIGHTON  COLEMAN,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


Xciobton  Coleman. 


The  successor  of  Alfred  Lee  in  the  see  of  Delaware  was  born 
Mav  3,  I  S3  7,  in  Philadelphia,  in  which  city  his  father  was  rector  of 
Trinity  Church.  Southwark,  and  the  etlitor  of  the  "  Banner  of  the 
Cross." 

His  early  studies  were  pursued  at  the  Episcopal  Academy,  Phila- 
delphia, in  preparation  for  a  busniess  career  in  mercantile  life.  iJe- 
termining  on  entering  the  ministry,  he  took  his  course  of  study  at 
the  General  Theological  Seminary,  where  he  was  graduated  in  1 861. 
Before  his  graduation  he  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  in  .St. 
James's,  Philadelphia,  July  I,  1S60,  by  Bishop  Alonzo  Putter,  who 
advanced  him  to  priest's  orders  in  the  Memorial  Church  of  the 
Beloved  Physician,  Bustleton,  I'a.,  Alay  15,  icShi.  His  ministerial 
work  was  rendered  at  St.  Luke's,  Bustleton,  i<S6i-63;  St.  John's, 
Wilmington,  Del.,  1863-66;  St.  Mark's,  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.,  1866- 
74;  and  Trinity,  Toledo,  O.,  1874-79.  He  resided  in  fCngland 
1879-87,  for  the  benefit  of  his  wife's  health.  Returning  to  the 
United  States,  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  the  Church  of  the 
Redeemer,  Sayre,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  until  his  election  to  the 
episcopate.  In  1875  he  recei\ed  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from 
Racine  College,  and  during  the  same  year  was  elected  the  first 
bishop  of  P^ond  du  Lac.  which  honor  he  declined.  In  1888  Hobart, 
which  had  given  him  the  M.A.  in  1865,  made  him  an  LL.D. 

He  was  consecrated  the  second  bish(.>p  of  Delaware  in  St.  John's 
Church,  Wilmington,  Oct.  18,  1889,  by  Bishops  M.  A.  De  Wolfe 
Howe,  Whitaker,  Ailams,  Scarborough,  Whitehead,  and  Rulison. 
During  Dr.  Coleman's  residence  abroad  he  was  busily  engaged  in 
Church  work,  and  while  in  Oxford  was  for  several  years  a  diocesan 
organizing  secretary  of  the  Church  of  England  Temperance  Society. 
His  interest  in  all  Church  activities,  whether  reformatory,  eleemosy- 
nary, missionary,  educational,  or  moral,  is  great ;  and  his  services 
in  their  behalf  ha\e  been  most  abundant.  He  is  devoted  to  the 
work  of  the  ministry,  an  earnest  and  conser\ative  Churchman,  a 
well-reail  anil  cultured  student,  and  a  man  of  great  personal  mag- 
netism and  charming  address.  He  is  a  careful  investigator  of  our 
American  ecclesiastical  history,  and  his  literary  work  has  been 
largely  in  this  department  of  letters. 

WoKKs.  — I.  "  The  History  of  tlie  Lehigh  Valley"  (two  editions) ;  2.  "  The  Church 
in  .\merica"  (London,  1.S95) ;  j.    Sermons,  episcopal  addresses,  pastorals,  essays,  etc. 

307 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   .WILLS  KENDRICK,  D.D. 


5obn  mMlle  1[<cnbvick. 


A  NATIVE  of  Gambler,  O.,  where  he  was  born  May  14,  1836,  the 
third  incumbent  of  the  missionary  see  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico 
was  graduated  at  Marietta  College  in  1856,  and  entered  at  once 
upon  the  study  of  the  law. 

Admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  State  of  New  York,  he  shortly  turned 
his  thoughts  toward  the  sacred  ministry,  and  entered  the  theological 
school  at  his  native  place  in  preparation  for  holy  orders.  His  sem- 
inary course  was  interrupted  by  two  years'  service  in  the  federal 
army  during  the  Civil  War.  Entering  as  a  pri\ate,  he  became  a 
captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  United  States  forces. 
Graduating  in  the  seminary  class  of  1864,  he  was  made  deacon  in 
the  seminary  chapel.  May  31,  1864,  by  Bishop  Mcllvaine,  who  ad- 
vanced him  to  the  priesthood  in  the  same  place,  June  28,  1865. 
After  a  term  of  mission  work  at  Put-in- Bay,  O.,  he  became,  in  1867, 
rector  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Fort  Scott,  Kan.  ;  removing  in  1869 
to  St.  Paul's,  Lea\enworth,  Kan.,  and  returning  to  Ohio  in  1875  to 
accept  the  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Columbus. 
From  1878  to  the  time  <:)f  his  consecration  in  1889  he  served  as  a 
diocesan  "general  missionary."  He  recei\'ed  in  188S  the  doctorate 
in  divinity  from  his  alma  mater. 

He  was  consecrated  in  Trinity  Church,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan.  10, 
1889,  by  Bishops  Tuttle,  Dudley,  Knickerbacker,  and  Rulison.  His 
episcopate  has  been  singularly  prudent,  acti\e,  and  successful.  In 
the  midst  of  great  difficulties,  and  under  the  disadvantage  of  strong 
opposition,  the  Church  has  developed,  and  the  promise  for  the 
future  is  good. 

Works. — Missionary  reports,  appeals,  addresses,  sermons. 


^^ 


,.^  ^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  BOYD  VINCENT,  D.D. 


IBo^b  IDincciit. 


Thp:  first  bishop  coadjutor  of  Southern  Ohio  was  born  at  Krie, 
Pa.,  May  18,  1843. 

Graduating  in  the  class  of  1S67  at  Vale,  and  in  that  of  1 87  I  at 
the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  hv  was  made  a  deacon  in  St.  Paul's 
Church,  in  his  native  city,  June  18,  1871,  by  Bishop  Kerfoot,  who 
ordained  him  a  })riest  in  the  same  church,  June  12,  187J.  y\fter 
a  ser\'ice  of  Iwo  years  as  a-^sistant  minister  at  St.  Paul's,  I-Lrie,  he 
became  the  rector  nf  Calvary  Church,  Pittsburg,  in  which  position 
he  continued  until  his  consecration.  In  i88g  Trinity  College  con- 
ferred on  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  dixinity. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor,  Jan.  23,  1889,  in  St.  I'aul's, 
Cincinnati,  by  Bishops  Sjjalding,  Dudley,  I'enick,  Whitehead,  and 
Knickerbacker.  <  )n  the  day  of  his  consecration  the  bishop  fif 
Southern  Ohio,  Dr.  Jaggar,  executed  a  lr}rmal  "  demission  of 
powers,"  conveying  to  the  bishojj  coadjutor  "  all  the  duties  aiul 
powers,"  and  empowering  him  "  to  e.xercise  all  the  authorities 
which  appertain  to  the  office  of  the  bishop  "  <ji  the  tliocese  of  South- 
ern Ohio.      This  document  was  declared  to  be  "  irrevocable." 

Bishop  Vincent's  episcopate  has  been  full  of  successes  and  dex'el- 
opment.  Serious  illness  has  impaired  for  a  time  his  abilit_\-  f<ir  work, 
but  his  earnestness,  devotion,  and  entire  consecration  to  his  dut}*, 
together  with  his  charm  of  manner  and  his  culture,  resulting  from 
study  and  tra\'el,  as  well  as  his  unusual  intellectual  powers,  make 
him  a  leader  in  his  see,  and  give  promise  of  a  distinguished  episco- 
pate. 

WuKKS.  —  Episcopal  addresses,  occasional  sermons,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CYRUS  FREDERICK  KNIGHT,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


cr\>ru6  J^rcbcrich  Hxuitjbt. 


The  successor  of  the  self-denying  and  apostolic  Welles  in  the  see 
of  Milwaukee  was  born  in  Boston,  March  28,  1831. 

His  education  was  pursued  at  Burlington  and  Harvard  colleges, 
and  his  theological  course  was  taken  at  the  General  Theological 
Seminary,  where  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1854.  He  re- 
ceived deacon's  orders  in  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  July  2,  1854, 
from  Bishop  Wainwright.  He  was  priested  by  Bishop  Alonzo 
Potter  in  St.  Luke's  Church,  Germantown,  Pa.,  May  18,  1856. 
During  his  diaconate  he  was  assistant  at  St.  Luke's,  Germantown. 
After  his  advancement  to  priest's  orders  he  spent  some  time  in 
travel  abroad,  and  then  assumed  the  rectorship  of  St.  Mark's,  in  his 
native  city,  where  he  remained  ten  years.  Called  to  the  Church  of 
the  Incarnation  (subsequently  known  as  St.  James's)  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  he  continued  in  charge  of  that  parish  until  1877,  when  he 
became  rector  of  St.  James's,  Lancaster,  Pa.  He  was  a  deputy  to 
the  General  Convention  from  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  Cen- 
tral Pennsylvania,  during  a  period  of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  of  the  diocese  of 
Central  Pennsylvania,  and  twice  visited  the  Triennial  Synod  of  the 
Church  in  Canada  as  a  representative  from  the  American  Church. 
He  received  his  degrees  in  divinity  from  Bethany  College,  Kansas, 
in  1880,  and  from  Racine  in  1S90.  In  1885  he  was  made  D.C.L. 
by  the  University  of  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  Quebec. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Milwaukee  in  All  Saints'  Cathe- 
dral, Milwaukee,  March  26,  i88g,  by  Bishops  McLaren,  Perry, 
A.  Burgess,  Seymour,  Walker,  and  Gilbert.  His  episcopate  was 
full  of  labors,  and  his  work  met  with  a  measure  of  success.  Cir- 
cumstances over  which  he  had  no  control,  and  for  which  he  was  in 
no  sense  responsible,  minimized  the  results  of  an  absorbing  zeal  and 
the  consecration  of  every  power  for  the  good  of  the  Church  of  Christ. 
He  fell  asleep  in  Milwaukee,  June  8,  i8gi,  mourned  b)-  his  people 
and  the  Church  he  loved  and  laboretl  for  till  death.  His  works 
follow  him. 

Works. — i.  "The  Peace  of  Jerusalem:  .\  Plea  for  Unity";  2.  "The  Reptiles  of 
Florida";  3.   Sermons,  addresses,  pastorals,  etc. 


N 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CHARLES  CHAPMAN  GRAFTON,  D.D. 


Cbarlce  Chapman  (3vatton. 


The  successor  oi  Hobart  Brown  in  the  see  of  I'ond  du  Lac  was 
born  in  Boston,  April  12,  1S32,  and  was  educated  in  the  Boston 
Latin  School. 

He  enteretl  the  Harx'ard  Law  School,  where  he  recei\ed  the 
degree  of  LL.B.  ;  but  abandoned  his  profession  and,  remo\ing  to 
Maryland,  pursued  theological  studies  under  Whittingham.  He 
received  deacon's  orders  in  St.  Peter's,  EUicdtt's  Mills,  Md.,  Dec. 
23,  1855.  from  Whittingham,  who  priested  him  in  St.  Paul's,  Balti- 
more, May  30,  1858.  During  his  diaconate  he  was  a  curate  at  Reis- 
terstown,  Md.,  and  a  mission  worker  in  Baltimore.  When  priested 
he  served  as  curate  at  St.  Paul's  and  as  chaplain  of  the  Mar3-land 
deaconesses. 

In  1865,  ha\'ing  declined  the  rectorship  of  St.  Peter's,  Phila- 
delphia, he  visited  Lngland,  with  the  approval  of  his  diocesan,  for 
the  purpose  of  organizing  a  society  like  the  religious  orders  of  the 
past.  This  mission  was  successful  in  inaugurating  the  Society  of  St. 
John  the  Evangelist,  of  which  the  Rev.  R.  M.  Benson  was  the  first 
superior.  Returning  to  America,  he  accepted  the  rectorship  of  the 
Church  of  the  Advent,  Boston,  where  the  work  of  the  "  Cowley 
Fathers"  was  successfully  prosecuted  for  ten  years.  In  18S2  all 
the  American  priests  of  the  society  save  one  were  released  from 
obedience  to  the  English  superior,  hi  1888  Grafton  resigned  his 
rectorship  where  he  had  introduced  two  sisterhoods.  He  estab- 
lished in  Providence,  R.  L,  the  Sisterhood  of  the  Holy  Nativity.  In 
1889  he  receixed  a  D.D.  from  Racine. 

He  was  consecrated  in  the  Fond  du  Lac  cathedral,  Ajiril  25, 
1889,  by  Bishops  McLaren,  A.  Burgess,  Se_\nic>ui,  Knickerbacker, 
Gilbert,  and  Knight.  His  episcopate,  in  a  fmnticr  diocese  and 
among  peoples  from  "  e\-ery  natiim  under  hea\en,"  has  been  full 
of  self-denying  labors.  He  has  impressed  upon  all  the  conviction 
of  saintliness,  devotion,  theological  acumen,  and  personal  charm. 
He  is  Catholic  in  doctrine,  "  advanced,"  a  persuasive  preacher,  a  con- 
cise and  convincing  writer,  and  a  man  of  afTairs. 

WnRKs.  — I.  ■'  Vocation  ;  or.  The  Call  of  [lie  Divine  Master  to  a  Sister's  Life  "  ( 1886I  ; 
2.  "  Plain  -Suggestions  for  a  I\e\'erent  Celel^ration  of  the  Holv  Conimunii)n  "  :  3.  Ser- 
mons, appeals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVERHND  WILLIAM   ANDREW  LEONARD,   D.D. 


Milliam  Hiibrcw  Xeonavb. 


Born  at  Southport,  Conn.,  July  15,  1848,  and  educated  at  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  St.  Stephen's  College,  Annandale,  N.  Y., 
and  at  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  Middletown,  Conn.,  Leonard 
was  ordered  deacon  in  Trinity,  Middletown,  May  30,  1871,  by 
Bishop  Williams,  who  made  him  a  priest  in  St.  John's,  Stamford, 
Conn,,  July  21,   1873. 

His  ministerial  charges  were  a  curacy  at  tlie  Holy  Trinitv,  Brook- 
lyn, the  rectorship  of  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  in  the  same 
city,  and  the  rectorship  of  St.  John's,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1880 
he  was  nominated  by  the  House  of  Bishops  to  the  lower  house  for 
the  missionary  episcopate  of  Washington  Territory,  but  he  declined 
the  appointment.  In  1888  he  was  elected  bishop  coadjutor  of 
Southern  Ohio,  which  dignit}'  he  refused  to  accept.  He  received 
the  doctorate  in  di\-init_\'  fn.im  Washington  and  Lee  L^niversity, 
1885,  and  fnmi  .St.  Stephen's,  1888. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Ohio  (Bishop  Bedell  ha\-ing  re- 
signed his  title  as  well  as  his  see)  in  St  Thomas's  Church,  New 
York,  Oct.  12,  1889,  by  Bishops  Williams,  Whipple,  Neely,  \V.  C. 
Doane,  Whitehead,  Paret,  Vincent,  and  the  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Dr.  Frederick  Courtney.  He  entered  upon  liis  work  with  the 
\-igor  and  good  judgment  which  had  marked  his  priesthood.  He 
has  laid  the  foundations  of  the  cathedral  of  his  see  ;  has  developed 
its  institutions,  both  charitable  anil  educational  ;  and  has  inspired 
into  all  departments  of  Church  work  the  earnest  spirit  and  deter- 
mination which  cannot  fail  of  success.  He  is  conser\"ati\"e  in  his 
opinions,  an  attracti\-e  preacher,  a  well-read  student,  and  a  man  of 
afTairs.  His  attitutle  in  the  trial  of  a  presb\-ter  who  had  "  denied 
the  faith  "  has  won  for  him  the  confidence  as  well  as  the  gratitude 
of  the  Church;  and  the  see  of  ( )hio  cannrit  but  ad\ance  under  the 
faithful  and  acceptable  ministrations  of  one  so  de\'out,  so  g<->dly, 
and  so  inflexibly  just. 

Works.  —  i.  "  Via  Sacra;  or,  Footprints  of  Christ  "  (.lescriptive  of  tlie  great  themes 
of  Holy  Week;  with  an  Introduction  by  C.  H.  Hall,  1875);  2.  "  Brief  History  of  the 
Christian  Church  "  (1883,  four  editions) ;  3.  "  .\  Faithful  Life";  4.  "  The  Witness  of 
the  American  Church  to  I'ure  Christianity  "  (Bedell  Lectures  for  1893) ;  5.  Sermons,  ad- 
dresses, essays,  pastorals,  etc. 


1^  *^     % 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  FREDERICK  DAVIES,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


ITboinae  jFvcbcvich  IDavics. 


The  successor  of  the  lamented  Harris  in  the  see  i)f  ]\Iicliigan 
was  a  native  of  Fairfield,  Conn.,  wiiere  lie  was  born  Auy.  31,  1831. 

He  was  j^raduated  at  Yale  in  the  class  of  1853,  and  at  the  Ber- 
keley Divinity  School  in  1856.  He  received  deacon's  orders  in 
Christ  Church,  Middletown,  Conn,,  May  18,  1856,  from  Bishop 
Williams,  who  advanced  him  tn  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church, 
May  2"],  1857.  He  filled  successivel}-  the  posts  of  professor  of  He- 
brew in  the  Berkelev  Di\inity  School,  rector  of  St.  John's  Church, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H..  and  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Philadelphia.  He  was 
for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  the  standing  committee  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  from  time  to  time  deput\-  to  the  General  Convention 
from  that  diocese.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1876,  and  the  doctorate  of  laws  from 
Hobart  in  1889. 

He  was  consecratetl  bishop  iif  Michigan  in  his  parish  church,  St. 
Peter's,  Philadelphia,  Oct.  iS,  1889,  b\-  Bishops  Williams,  Whipple, 
Tuttle,  Whitaker,  Gillespie,  Scarborough,  Worthington,  and  H.  C. 
Potter.  Bishop  Davies  is  a  widel_\"  read  theologian,  a  scholar  of 
rare  attainments,  a  man  of  great  intellectual  ability,  an  excellent  and 
impressive  preacher,  a  cultured  and  charming  writer,  and  an  ad- 
ministrator at  once  impartial,  conservati\-e,  and  judicious.  He  is  a 
thorough  Churchman,  an  excellent  canonist,  and  a  careful  and  just 
judge.  Entering  upon  a  see  which  has  had  men  of  varied  powers 
and  gifts  at  its  head,  he  has  won  the  respect  and  regard  of  all  men, 
and  has  given  full  proof  of  his  ministry  as  a  faithful  and  de\"out 
bishop  of  the  Church  of  God. 

Works.  — Parish  papers,  occasional  sermons,  episcopal  ailiiresses.  pastorals,  ami  other 
official  papers. 


^ 


RIGHT  REVEREND  ANSON  ROGERS  GRAVES,   D.D.,  LL.D. 


Hnson  IRoocrs  Graves. 


The  first  incumbent  uf  the  see  of  The  Platte,  created  in  1S89 
by  the  formation  of  Western  Nebraska  into  a  missionary  jurisdic- 
tion, was  born  in  Wells,  Rutland  County,  \'t.,  April  13,  1842.  He 
was  a  scion  of  Puritan  stock,  his  ancestors  having  emigrated  from 
the  mother-land  about  1640,  settling  first  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  and 
then  in  Hadley,  Mass. 

He  was  graduated  at  Hobart,  1866,  and  at  the  General  Theolog- 
ical Seminary,  1869.  He  received  deacon's  orders  at  the  Church 
of  the  Transfiguration,  New  York,  July  2,  1 870,  from  Bishop  Horatio 
Potter.  He  was  priested  by  Bishop  Littlejohn,  June  4,  1871,  in 
Holy  Trinity  Church,  Brookl\'n.  His  ministry  was  spent,  after  a 
little  more  than  a  year's  curacy  at  Grace  Church,  Brooklyn,  in  the 
middle  West,  where  he  held  successively  the  rectorship  of  St.  Luke's, 
Plattsmouth,  Neb.,  the  curacy  of  Gethsemane,  ]\Iinneapolis,  and 
the  rectorship  of  All  Saints',  Northfield,  Minn.  He  was  afterward 
rector  of  All  Saints',  Littleton,  N.  H.,  St.  Peters,  Bennington,  Vt., 
and  the  Church  of  Gethsemane,  Minneapolis,  where  he  remained 
until  his  consecration. 

He  was  elected  to  the  missionary  jurisdiction  of  The  Platte  by 
the  Church  in  General  Con\cntion  in  1889,  and  was  consecrated  in 
his  parish  church,  Jan.  i,  1890,  by  I5ishops  Tattle,  Hare,  A.  Bur- 
gess, Knickerbacker,  Gilbert,  and  Knight.  He  has  made  a  note- 
worthy success  under  the  most  discouraging  circumstances  by  his 
patient  and  persistent  watchfulness  over  the  interests  of  his  juris- 
diction. He  visits  his  missions  twice  in  each  year.  Organizing  no 
parishes,  he  has  increased  threefold  the  number  of  stations  and  com- 
municants in  the  first  five  years  of  his  episcopate.  As  a  man  of 
sound  practical  judgment,  good  scholarship,  devotion  to  his  work, 
and  wisdom  in  executive  administration.  Bishop  Graves  has  already 
impressed  himself  upon  his  see  and  gained  the  promise  of  a  speedy 
and  lasting  success. 

Wdrk^. — Tracts,  sermons,  niissioiiary  reptirts,  addresses,  etc. 

Bishop  Graves  originated  and,  with  the  cooperation  of  others,  prepared  the  tract  entitled 
"  The  Church  and  her  Ways,"  of  which  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  copies  have  been 
sold. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   FORD  NICHOLS,   D.D. 


Milliam  foxb  IRicbols. 


The  coadjutor  and  successor  to  the  accomplished  and  intellectual 
William  Inyraham  Kip  was  born  at  Lloyd,  Ulster  C<iunt\-,  X.  V.. 
June  9,  1849.  He  is  descended  from  Francis  Nichols,  one  of  the 
original  settlers  of  Stratford,  Conn. 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College  in  the  class  of  1870,  and  at 
the  Berkele}'  Divinity  School  in  187  v  He  receixetl  deacon's  orders 
in  Holy  Trinity  Church,  Middletown,  June  4,  1873,  from  l^ishop 
Jiihn  \\"illiams,  who  priested  him  in  the  same  church,  June  4,  I  874. 
His  ministr\-  was  spent  as  curate  at  Middletown;  rector  of  St. 
James's  Church,  West  Hailfurd,  together  with  drace,  Newington; 
rector  of  Christ  Church,  Hartfi')-d,  and  nf  St.  James's  Church,  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  jjrofessor  of  Church  history  at  the  Berkeley 
School.  In  1884  as  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  delegation  to  the 
Seabury  Centenar}%  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  in  behalf  of  the  clergy 
and  laity  of  Connecticut  he  presented  the  memorial  paten  and  chal- 
ice to  the  Sccjttish  Church.  In  1888  he  was  elected  bishop  coad- 
jutor of  Southern  Ohio,  which  otifice  he  declined  to  accept.  His 
divinity  doctorates  were  recei\'ed  froin  Trinity  and  Gambler. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjntur  nf  California  in  St.  James's, 
I'hiladelphia,  June  24,  1890,  by  Bishops  Williams,  Ouintard,  Neely, 
Littlejohn,  Whitaker,  Niles,  Adams,  Scarborough.  Whitehead,  and 
H.  C.  Potter.  On  the  death  of  Kij),  Nichols  became  diocesan. 
His  administration  has  been  wise,  conserxatixe,  judicious.  A  scholar 
of  varied  attainments,  cultured,  intellectual,  an<l  gifted  with  great 
executive  ability,  he  has  impressed  upon  the  work  intrusted  to  him 
the  personal  characteristics  of  devotion,  earnestness,  and  loftiness 
of  aim  which  marked  his  ministry  and  are  a  part  of  the  man  him- 
self. He  gi\-es  promise  of  attaining  the  highest  distinction  and 
winning  the  greatest  success  possible  to  a  bishop  of  the  Church  of 
Christ.  He  is  the  founder  and  dean  of  the  Chui'ch  Di\init}-  School, 
San  Mateo,  Cal. 

Works.  —  i.  .\  charge.  "  On  tlie  Trial  nf  your  Faitli ''  ( 1895)  ;  2.  Occasional  >crmons, 
historical  sketches,  addresses,  reviews,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  EDWARD  ROBERT  ATWIEL,   D.D. 


lEbwarb  IRobcvt  HtwilL 


Born  at  Red  Hook,  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  iS,  i  S40,  the 
first  bishop  of  West  Missouri  was  graduated  at  Ciihimbia  in  1862, 
and  at  the  General  Theological  Seminary  in  1864. 

He  received  deacon's  orders  at  Calvar)-  Church,  New  York,  July 
3,  1864,  from  Bishop  Horatio  Potter,  who  priested  him  in  St.  Luke's 
Church,  New  York,  April  i,  1865.  During  his  diaconate  he  was 
curate  at  St.  Luke's,  New  York.  On  his  aihancement  to  the 
priesthood  he  was  made  rector  of  St.  Paul'^,  Williamsburg,  L.  I., 
N.  Y.,  and  afterward  curate  to  the  bishop  of  \'ermont,  at  St.  Paul's, 
Burlington,  to  the  rectorship  of  which  (i8''>7)  he  succeeded.  In 
1882  he  became  rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Toledo,  O.,  which  charge 
he  retained  until  his  consecration.  He  recei\'ed  the  doctorate  in 
divinit}-  from  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1882. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  West  Missouri  in  Trinity  Church, 
Toledo,  Oct.  14,  1890,  by  Bishops  Tuttle,  McLaren,  Seymour, 
Knickerbacker,  and  W.  A.  Leonard.  His  episcopate  has  been 
marked  by  financial  re\'erses  and  disappointments  in  the  business 
wiirld;  hut  he  has  by  patient  and  most  abundant  labors  carried  on 
the  work  committed  to  his  charge  as  a  true-hearted  and  self-sacri- 
ficing bishop  and  shepherd  of  souls.  He  is  a  man  of  intellectual 
gifts,  a  cultured  and  well-informed  scliolar.  and  an  able  and  efficient 
administrator.  The  work  under  his  care  has  felt  happily,  and  re- 
sponded to,  the  fostering  and  furthering  hand  of  its  spiritual  head. 

WiiKKs.  —  I.    A   tract  un   "  L'ontiriiiatiun  "  ;    2.   (JCLasiunal   Jl^c•ulr.sc^,    episcopal   ail 


RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY   MELVILLE  JACKSON,  D.D. 


1[3cnr\>  nDclvillc  Jackson. 


The  first  cdadjutiir  bislmp  of  Alabama  was  bnrn  in  Leesburg, 
Loudon  County.  \'a.,  July  2.S,   1S4S. 

He  was  educated  chiefl}-  at  tlu-  X'irginia  Militar\"  Institute  and  at 
the  Virginia  Theological  Seminary,  graduating  from  the  latter  in 
1873.  He  was  ordered  deacon  in  the  seminary  chape',  Alexandria, 
June  27,  1873,  and  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  St.  John's  Church, 
Wytheville,  Va.,  July  15,  1874,  both  by  Bishoj}  John.s.  His  cleri- 
cal work  was  performed  in  Montgomery  parish,  in  the  count)'  of  the 
same  name,  Virginia,  and  at  Christ  Church,  Green\-ille,  S.  C.  In 
October,  1876,  he  became  rector  of  Grace  Church,  Richmonti,  \'a.., 
succeeding  the  celebrated  Dr.  Kinloch  Nelson.  Here  he  continued 
until  his  ele\atii_in  to  the  episC(>])ate.  W'hiU-  in  Richmond  he  was 
for  a  time  the  editor  nf  the  "Si)uthein  Pulpit,"  He  receixed  the 
doctorate  in  dixinity  from  Randolph  Macon  College  in  1885  and 
from  the  Unixersity  ijf  the  South  in   1801. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  assistant  liishopric  of  .\laliama  in  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Selma,  Ala.,  Jan.  21,  i8<)i.  by  Bisho])s  R.  H.  W'ilmer, 
W.  H.  W".  Howe,  Peterkin,  Thompson,  and  Randolph. 

Bishop  Jackson  entered  u];on  his  episcopal  work  with  a  deep 
earnestness  and  dex'otion,  winning  all  hearts  by  his  elocjueuce  and 
his  godly  zeal. 

W'oivKs. — Besides  his  editorial  work  on  tlie  "  Southern  I'ul]iit,"'  .Tl'ter\A'arcl  consoh- 
daled  with  the  "  Pulpit  Treasury,"  and  on  other  relii^iijus  papers  of  tlie  South,  Bisho]") 
Jaekson  has  published  little  ;  a  few  sermons,  etc.,  comprising  the  catalogue  of  his  printed 
works. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  DAVIS  SESSUMS,  D.D. 


IDavis  Sc88uin8. 


Thk  coadjutor  ami  successor  ()f  the  excellent  Galleher  was  bom 
in  Houston,  Tex.,  July  7,  1858. 

He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  the  South,  where,  after  a 
brilliant  course,  he  proceeded  M.A.  in  1878.  Entering  the  theo- 
logical department  of  the  uni\-ersity,  he  completed  his  studies  pre- 
paratory to  ordination  the  following  year.  He  was  made  a  deacon 
in  Christ  Church,  in  his  iiati\e  place,  Feb.  5,  1882,  by  Bishop  Gregg, 
who  advanced  him  tn  the  priesthood  in  the  same  church,  Aug.  13th 
of  the  same  year.  His  early  ministry  was  spent  at  Gah'eston,  Tex., 
in  charge  of  Grace  Church.  In  1883  he  removed  to  Tennessee, 
where  he  was  first  assistant  and  then  rector  of  Cah-ar\"  Church, 
Memphis.  In  1887  he  became  rector  of  Christ  Church,  New  <  )r- 
leans,  where  he  remained  until  his  election  as  bishop  cnadjutur  nf 
Louisiana.  He  received  the  doctorate  in  di\inity  from  his  alma 
mater  in  the  year  of  his  consecration. 

He  was  consecrated  in  his  parish  cluiich,  June  24,  1891,  b_\' 
Bishops  Ouintard,  Tuttle,  Garrett,  Galleher,  Thompson,  and  Wat- 
son. He  became  diocesan  on  the  death  of  Bishop  Galleher,  the 
same  year.  Bishop  Sessums  is  an  orator  of  fer\-id  eloquence,  a 
metaphysical  thinker,  and  an  able  writer.  He  is  tolerant  in  his 
administration,  "  broail  "  in  his  theological  x'iews,  and  possesses 
varied  gifts. 

Wi_iKKS. — Epi-.cop;il  a  Iilrcsbeb,  nietaphy^ical  theses,  etc. 


/•^'^f^S- 


RIGHT   REVEREND   PHILLIPS   BROOKS,   D.D. 


pbilUps  :fi5vook8. 


A  SCION  of  a  distinguished  Puritan  famil_\',  born  in  Boston,  Dec. 
'3.  1S35,  educated  at  tlie  Latin  Scliool  of  his  native  city,  and  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  University  in  tlie  class  of  1855,  Phillips  Brooks, 
on  determining  to  enter  the  sacred  ministry,  pursued  his  theolog- 
ical studies  at  the  Virginia  Seminary,  where  he  was  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1859. 

He  was  admitted  ti>  the  diacnnate  by  PSishop  Meade  in  the  sem- 
inary chapel,  Juh'  I,  1854.  He  was  athanced  to  the  priesthood  in 
Advent  Church,  Philadelphia,  ?ilay  J 7,  i860,  by  Bishop  Alonzo 
Potter.  His  early  ministry  was  spent  at  Advent  Church.  In  1862, 
when  but  twenty-six  years  of  age,  he  became  rector  of  Holy  Trin- 
ity Church,  Philadelphia,  succeeding  the  rector  and  friend  of  his 
earlier  days,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ale.xander  H.  Vinton.  In  1869  he  be- 
came rector  of  Trinit\',  Boston,  where  he  remained  until  his  eleva- 
tion to  the  episcopate. 

During  the  first  years  of  his  ministry,  I^rooks  gave  promise  ot  a 
distinguished  future  liy  his  brilli.int  disci uirscs  and  by  his  ])atriiitic 
course  at  the  opening  of  the  Ci\il  War.  Untiring  in  liis  efforts  to 
enkindle  in  the  minds  of  all  within  the  reach  of  his  influence  the 
highest  sentiment-^  of  lo\-e  of  couiiti_\"  and  loyal  de\-otion  to  the  cause 
of  the  Union,  he  won  not  onl\-  the  lo\-e  and  praise  of  all  patriots, 
but  obtained  as  a  recognition  of  his  course  an  election  to  member- 
ship in  the  Loyal  Legion,  although  a  noncombatant.  His  patriotic 
discourses  were  among  the  nio-t  fi-r-iid  and  eloquent  of  his  pulpit 
efTorts,  and  his  auditors  were  often  at  a  loss  to  distinguish  the  in- 
spiring sermon,  full  of  lessons  (>{  dut\-  to  ( "md  and  our  neighbor,  from 
the  oration  displaying  the  most  brilliant  and  con\'incing  sentences  of 
the  finished  speaker. 

His  ministry  was  a  pastorate  ratlu-r  than  a  rectorate.  He  cared 
for  each  one,  e\-en  the  littlest  and  most  luuiible  of  his  flf:)ck.  It 
was  thus  that  his  great  heart  found  responsi\-e  lo\e  anil  full  rec(.ig- 
nition  in  others'  hearts. 

He  declined  the  election  to  the  coadjutor  bishopric  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1S86.  He  was  made  a  doctor  of  dixinity  by  Unii.m,  1870, 
Harvard,  1877,  the  University  <if  Oxfonl,  luigland,  1885,  and  Col- 
umbia,  1887. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Massachusetts  in  Trinity,  Boston, 


3:i2  THE    El'ISCOl'ATK   IX  AMERICA. 

Oct.  14,  iiSgi,  1)\-  Uislii)]js  Williams,  Clark,  Whipple,  Liillejohii, 
Doane,  Niles,  M.A.  Dc  Wolfe  Howe,  H.  C.  I'ottcr,  ami  Talbot. 
The  administration  of  Bishop  Brooks  was  but  brief.  He  dietl, 
deeply  lamented,  Jan.  23,  1893. 

There  were  those  of  his  brethren  who  felt  that  he  was  not  fitted 
for  the  routine  work  and  the  administrati\  e  labors  of  the  episcopate. 
He  was  impatient  of  details;  he  disliked  "  functions";  he  despised 
display.  He  was,  besides,  far  from  clainiiuL;  to  be  an  exact  or  widely 
read  theologian.  But  when  he  had  become  the  bishop  of  his  native 
State — his  beloved  Massachusetts — he  spared  no  pains  to  bring  the 
ministrations  of  his  high  office  to  all  men  ;  and  the  brief  episcopate 
of  Phillips  Brooks  brought  man\-  thoughtful  men  into  close  relations 
with  the  Church  who  had  long  stood  aloof,  and  who  were  drawn  into 
the  fokl  by  the  personal  magnetism  of  this  great  man. 

l'hilli[)s  Brocks  was  a  typical  New  Englander,  proud  of  his  an- 
cestry, his  birth-city,  and  his  college.  It  was  to  Harvard  that  he 
felt  that  much  of  his  developed  intellectual  powers  were  due  ;  and 
as  a  student,  an  alumnus,  a  preacher,  an  overseer,  the  love  of  Har- 
vard was  a  marked  characteristic,  giving  him  a  pow-er  over  the 
undergraduates  and  attaching  to  himself  the  regard  and  love  ot 
all  the  members,  ollficers,  and  graduates  of  the  university. 

His  fame  as  the  "  prince  of  preachers  "  had  extended  throughout 
the  English-speaking  world.  His  many  great  gifts  were  ever  exer- 
cised in  the  service  of  man  and  to  the  glory  of  God.  Crowds  at- 
tended his  ministrations  in  this  country  and  abroad.  His  writings 
were  read  with  avidity  by  all  classes  of  men.  His  style  manifested 
the  tenderness  and  sympathy  of  a  true  poetic  nature,  the  brilliancy 
of  a  rhetorician,  the  power  of  a  close  reasoner,  and  the  full  evidence 
of  the  love  of  God  and  of  his  fellow-men  animating  his  soul.  He 
was  deeply  interested  in  all  humanitarian  movements,  and  his  suc- 
cessive charges  were  stepping-stones  in  his  rapid  advance  to  the 
position  of  a  leader  of  Christian  thought.  His  sudden  death  brought 
to  an  unlooked-for  close  the  high  hopes  which  had  been  formed  of 
his  future  ;  but  "  he,  being  dead,  yet  .speaketh  "  through  his  works 
anil  the  abiding  memories  of  his  consecrated  life. 

Works.  — I.  "Our  Mercies"  (lS6,5):  2.  ".Sennuns"  (1875);  3.  "Lectures  on 
r'rcacliint;"  (1877);  4.  "  Influence  of  Jesus  "  (Kohlen  Lectures,  1879);  5.  "The  Pulpit 
and  Popular  Skepticism"  (1879);  6.  "  Alexander  Hamilton  Vinton:  Memorial  Sermon" 
( 1S81) :  7.  "  Candle  of  tlie  Lord,  and  Other  Sermons  "  (1881) ;  8.  "  Sermons  Preached 
in  Knsjlish  Churches  "  (18S3)  19."  Oldest  School  in  America"  (oration  at  celebration  of 
the  tvvo  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  the  Boston  Latin  School, 
1885);  10.  "  Twenty  Sermons  "  (l8S6);'iI.  "Tolerance"  (1887);  12.  "A  Christmas  Ser- 
mon "( 1890) ;  13.  "The  Light  of  the  World,  and  Other  Sermons"  (1890):  14.  "The 
Spiritual  Man.  and  Other  Sermons"  (1891);  15.  "  The  Symmetry  of  Life"  (reprinted 
from  his  second  series  of  sermons,  1892);  16.  "  The  Good  Wine  at  the  Feast's  End" 
(sermon,  1893) ;  17.  "  The  Living  Christ,  an  Easter  Sermon  "  ;  iS.  "  Baptism  and  Con- 
firmation "  ;  19.  "  Sermons  "  ( 1S93) ;  20.  "  Addresses  "  (with  introduction  by  Julius  H. 


riULlJl'S  BROOKS.  333 

Waril,  iSg^);  21.  "  Letters  of  Travel"  (iSq^);  22.  "  Essays  ami  Adilresses  "  (e.liteil 
by  John  Cotton  Urooks,  1894):  i^.  "  The  Life  Here  and  the  Life  Hereafter"  (sermon, 
1894)  ;  24.  "  Sermons  for  the  Principal  P'estivals  and  Fasts  of  the  Church  Year  "  (1895). 
He  has  published  the  following  carols:  i.  "  O  Little  Town  of  Bethlehem"  (1887); 
2.  "  Christinas  Once  is  Christmas  Still  "  (1892) ;  3.  "A  Constant  Christmas."  A  volume 
of  his  poems  was  published  in  1893. 


RIGHT  RE\'EREND  ISAAC  LEA  NICHOLSON,  D.D. 


Usaac  %c^  IFlicholeon. 


Bi)KX  in  lialtimcii-f,  Md.,  Jan.  iS,  1844,  ihe  fifth  bishop  of  the 
see  of  Milwaukee  was  educateii  at  St.  Tint(.)th\'s  Hall,  Catnnsx'ille, 
Md. 

Consequent  upon  his  impaired  health  the  prosecution  nf  a  college 
course  was  deemed  unwise,  and  the  future  bishop  spent  se\en  years 
in  commercial  pursuits  as  a  subordinate,  and  finally  as  a  member  of 
his  father's  banking-house.  Later  he  entered  Dartmouth  College, 
and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1869.  It  was  during  his  college 
course  that,  largely  through  the  influence  of  his  fellow -students 
Leonard  and  Talbot,  now  missionary  bishops  of  the  Church,  he 
determined  on  seeking  the  priesthood.  He  pursued  his  theological 
course  at  the  Virginia  Seminary,  graduating  in  1 87  I.  He  was  made 
deacon  b}-  Bishop  \\'hittingham,  Sept.  24,  1871,  in  Grace  Church, 
Baltimore.  He  was  advanced  to  the  jjriesthoud  by  liishop  I'ink- 
ney,  Sept.  22,  1872,  in  St.  Paul's,  lialtininre.  He  was  first  curate 
in  Hano\-er,  N.  H.,  and  then  at  St.  raul's,  Baltimnre.  In  1875  he 
became  rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Ascension,  Westminster,  Md. 
In  December,  1879,  he  entered  upon  the  rectorship  of  St.  Mark's, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  remained  till  his  consecration.  In  1S83  he 
declined  the  episcopate  C/f  Indiana.  In  1890  he  recei\ed  his  dixinity 
doctorate  from  Nashotah. 

He  was  consecrated  in  St.  Mark's,  Philadelphia,  on  the  feast  of 
SS.  Simon  and  Jude,  Oct.  2!:>,  i8gi,  by  Bishojjs  McLaren,  W'hitaker, 
Adams,  Scarborough,  Whitehead,  Rulison,  Parct,  \\'iirthington, 
Talbot,  A.  Leonard,  and  Grafton. 

Bishop  Xicholson's  episcopate  has  been  fidl  of  labors  and  marked 
In'  success.  He  is  vigorous,  earnest,  dexout,  of  commanding  pres- 
ence, impartial  in  his  administration,  and  sagacious  in  his  judgments 
of  men.  He  has  achieved  results  which  give  promise  of  a  great 
ad\-ance  materially  and  spiritually  in  the  see  of  which  he  has  charge. 

WotfKS. — Occasional  sermon-.,  addresses,  pastorals.  He  lias  compiled  several 
liturL:ical  manuals. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  CLHI.AND  KINLOCK   NELSON,  D.D. 


Clclanb  IkiiUoch  IRclson, 


The  successor  of  Heckwith  in  the  see  of  Georgia  was  born  at 
"  Greenwood,"  near  Cobham,  Albemarle  County,  Va.,  May  23,  1852. 
He  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  William  Nelson,  president  of  the  colony 
of  Virginia,  and  of  General  Thumas  Nelson,  who  was  a  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  g<i\crnor  of  \'irginia,  and  a  frientl  of 
Washington. 

He  was  graduated  in  1S72  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  Md., 
an  institution  of  learning  fully  two  centuries  okl.  He  studied 
theology  under  liis  uncle,  the  Re\'.  Dr.  C.  K.  Nelson,  and  at  the 
Berkeley  School  in  Connecticut.  He  was  ordered  deacon,  Sept.  19, 
1875,  in  the  Church  of  the  .Ascen.sion,  Washington,  D.  C,  by 
Bishop  Pinkne}-,  and  was  adxanced  to  the  priesthood  in  Holy 
Trinity  Church,  Philadelphia,  June  22,  1876,  by  ]-)ishoj:i  Stevens. 
From  1876  to  1882  he  was  rector  of  the  Church  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  Gerniantown,  Pa.,  and  from  1882  to  his  consecration  was 
rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Natixity,  South  l-iethlehem.  Pa.  He 
received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  his  alma  mater  in  1891,  and  from 
the  University  of  the  South  in  1892. 

Elected  at  a  special  Convention  held  in  Christ  Church,  Macon, 
Ga.,  Nov.  12,  1 89 1,  he  was  consecrated  in  St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  At- 
lanta, Feb.  24,  i8q2.  b\-  Bishops  Ouintard,  W.  B.  W.  Howe,  Lyman, 
Whitehead,  Rulison,  Coleman,  and  Jackson.  His  episcopate  has 
been  attendetl  with  unusual  dc\elopments  in  the  material  and  spirit- 
ual prosperity  of  the  see,  anil  his  successes  give  a  bright  augury 
for  the  future.  He  is  eloquent,  argumentative,  logical,  a  sound 
theologian,  and  an  administrator  of  marked  ability. 

Works. — Episcopal  addresses,  occasional  sermons. 


» 


N. 


RICiHT  REVEREND  CHARLES  REUBEN   HALE,  D.D.,   LL.D. 


Cbarlce  IRcubcn  l^alc. 


The  assistant  bi^^liDp  oi  Sprin^fifUl,  consecrated  with  the  title  of 
bishop  of  Cairo,  was  born  in  Lewiston,  I'a.,  March  14,  1837,  anci  was 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Penns_\'l\'ania,  1858. 

He  was  ordained  deacon  in  St.  Paul's,  Philadelphia,  Jan.  8,  i860, 
by  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter,  who  priested  him  in  Christ  Church,  Ed- 
dington,  Pa.,  Oct.  17,  1861.  After  ser\ice  as  a  curate  at  Christ 
Church,  Germantown,  and  All  Saints',  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.,  he  be- 
came, in  1863,  chaplain  in  the  na\}",  continuing"  in  this  position,  with 
the  added  duty,  for  a  part  of  the  time,  of  the  chair  of  mathematics 
at  the  Na\-al  Academy,  until  1870.  He  was  rector  of  St.  John's, 
Auburn,  X.  Y.,  1871-73;  ti">k  part  in  founding  a  missicm  amnng 
the  Italians  in  Xew  \"ork,  1S73;  was  rector  of  St.  Mary  the  \'ir- 
gin's,  Baltimore,  Md.,  1875-7');  assistant  at  St.  Paul's,  ]?aUiinore, 
1877-85;  dean  of  Davenport  (la.)  Cathedral,  1886  until  his  conse- 
cration. He  received  his  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Hobart  College 
in  1 8 76, 'and  his  LL.D.  from  Griswold  in  1889. 

Elected  bishop  coadjutor  of  Springfield,  111.,  May  17,  1892,  he 
was  consecrated  in  Davenport  Cathedral.  Jul\-  26,  1892,  by  Bishops 
Perry,  Se_\'mour,  Walker,  W^irthington,  W.  A.  Leonard,  and  Nichol- 
son. He  is  a  scholar  of  \'aried  attainments,  a  well-read  and  intelli- 
gent theologian,  and  an  expert  in  liturgical  study  and  in  the  history 
of  the  Church.  He  has  labored  especial)}-  fi.>r  the  cause  of  inter- 
communion. 

Works.  —  I.  Report  of  the  committee  appointeil  liy  the  Philomathean  .Society  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  to  translate  tiie  inscription  on  the  Rosetta  Stone  (committee 
consisting  of  Hale,  S.  Huntington  Jones,  and  Henrv  Morton,  1858)  ;  2.  Papers  on  mat- 
ters relating  to  the  Eastern  churches  (1S70-94)  :  these  include  (I)  "  A  List  of  Sees  and 
Bishops  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Churcli  "  (1S70J;  ('2)  "  .\  List  of  all  the  Sees  and  Bishops 
of  the  Holv  OrthodoN  Church  of  the  East  "  ( 1872)  ;  (^1  "  Innocent  of  Moscow,  the  Apostle 
of  Kamchatka  and  Alaska"  (1877,  1S8S):  (4)  "  The  Russian  Church  "  (18S0) ;  (5)"  Eng- 
land's Duty  toward  Egypt"  (published  in  the  ofhcial  report  of  the  Church  Congress  at 
Carlisle,  England,  18S4) ;  (6)  "  .\  Visit  to  the  Eastern  Churches  in  the  Interests  of  Church 
Unity"  (1S86)  ;  (7)  X^arious  reports  of  the  Joint  Committee  of  the  General  Convention 
on  Communication  with  the  Russo-Greek  Church;  (8)  "  Missionary  Relations  between 
the  Anglican  and  the  Eastern  Churches  "  (1894I  ;  3.  Translations  :  (i)  "  An  Account  of 
the  Visit  of  Pr.  Overbeck  to  Constantinople  in  1879"  (from  the  Russian,  1880);  (2) 
"  Mozarabic  Collects  "  (arranged  from  the  ancient  liturgy  of  the  Spanish  Church,  1881) ; 
4.  Papers  on  liturgical  suljjects  (1876-gi) ;  5.  "  The  Universal  I'piscopate  "  (a  list  of  the 
sees  and  bisho|)S  of  the  holy  Church  throughout  the  world,  1S82):  6.  "The  .-Xmerican 
Church  and  Methodism  "  ;  7.  Miscellaneous  sermons,  etc. 


rpl 


RIGHT  REVEREND  GEORGE  HERBERT  KINSOLVING,  D.D. 


(Bcoroc  1[3crbcrt  Ifxineolviiuj. 


The  coadjutor  and  successor  to  tlie  \'enerable  Gregg  was  born 
in  Bedford  Count)-,  \'a.,  April  28,  1849,  was  educated  at  tlie  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  and  was  graduated  at  the  \'irginia  Thei)logical 
Seminary  in  1873. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate,  June  26,  1874,  by  Bishop 
Johns,  and  was  priested  by  Bishop  Whittingham  the  following  year. 
His  diaconate  was  spent  at  Clirist  Church,  Baltimore,  Md.,  as  an 
assistant.  His  rectorships  were  respectively  St.  Mark's,  Baltimore; 
St.  John's,  Cincinnati ;  and  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Philadel- 
phia. He  was  elected  bish(jp  coadjutor  of  Texas,  May  19,  1S92. 
He  recei\'ed  his  tli\"inity  tloctorate  from  Griswold  and  the  Uni\'ersity 
of  the  South. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  his  parish  church,  Philaileli^hia, 
Oct.  12,  1892.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  R.  H.  Wilmer, 
Quintard,  Whitaker,  Wingfield,  Dudley,  Jaggar,  Randolph,  Johns- 
ton, Kendrick,  Davies,  Nichols,  Hale,  and  the  bishop  of  New- 
foundland, Dr.  Llewell_\-n  Jones.  On  the  i  ith  of  July,  1S93,  Bishop 
Gregg  died,  and  Bishop  Kinsolving  became  the  diocesan. 

In  a  diocese  of  vast  e.xtent  Bishop  Kinsoh-ing  has  entered  upon 
his  labors  with  characteristic  earnestness  and  singular  de\otion. 
Full  of  energy,  possessing  the  power  of  commending  himself  to  all 
men,  tireless,  ready  in  emergencies,  and  able  to  meet  all  requirements, 
his  episcopate  bids  fair  to  be  productive  of  noteworthy  results. 

Works. — Episcopal  addresses,  occasional  discourses,  pastorals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  LEMUEL  HENRY   WELLS.   D.D. 


%cmuc{  1l3cnr\>  Mclls. 


The  first  bisliop  of  Spokane — the  eastern  portion  of  the  see  of 
Washington,  created  into  an  independent  juristliction  in  1892 — was 
born  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  3,  1841. 

Entering  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  he  left  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  and  rendered  efficient  service  in  the  Union  army.  At  the 
close  of  the  strife  he  was  graduated  at  Hobart  College  in  the  class  of 
1867.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  at  the  Berkeley  School, 
receiving  deacon's  orders  from  Bishop  Williams  in  Holy  Trinity 
Church,  Middletown,  June  2,  1869,  and  being  priested  in  Trinity 
Chapel,  New  Haven,  b_\-  Bishop  Bisscll,  in  1871.  After  a  year's 
study  abroad  subsequent  to  his  ordination  he  was  curate  at  Trinity, 
Xew  Ha\en.  Led  by  an  earnest  missionary  zeal,  he  went  to  the  far 
West  and  ser\-ed  for  fi\e  years  under  the  bishop  of  Oregon  without 
salar_\".  During  two  decades  of  mission  life  and  work  he  has  built 
nine  churches  and  established  a  Church  school  at  Walla  Walla, 
Wash.  In  that  town  he  was  rector  from  1873  to  1882.  From 
1884  to  1889  he  was  rector  of  St.  Luke's,  Tacoma,  Wash.  Accept- 
ing the  charge  of  Trinity-  in  that  city,  which  he  had  himself  founded, 
he  continued  there  until  his  election  to  the  missionary  episcopate. 
He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  Hobart,  1892. 

His  consecration  took  place  in  Trinity,  New  Haven,  Dec.  16, 
1 892.  His  consecrators  were  Bishops  Williams,  Xeely.  Xiles,  Lyman, 
J.  A.  Paddock,  Walker,  and  Talbt>t. 

Bishop  Wells  is  a  man  of  varied  tastes  and  accomplishments, 
scholarly,  devoted,  and  de\out.  His  work  gives  good  promise  of 
speedy  and  notable  results. 

Works. — Missionary  reports,  educational  papers,  episcopal  atklresses,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  CRANE  GRAY,  D.D. 


Milliain  Cvanc  (3va\?. 


The  first  bishijp  of  Southern  r'inrida  was  born  at  Lambert\'ille, 
N.  J.,  Sept.  (\  1S33. 

While  a  lad  of  ten  years  his  family  rennned  to  Tennessee,  where 
his  education  preparatory  to  his  college  course  was  pursued.  Grad- 
uating at  Kenyon  in  1859,  and  taking  his  theological  stu<lies  at  ]ic.\- 
ley  Hall,  Gambler,  O.,  he  was  ordered  deacon  b)"  Bishop  Otey  in 
Christ  Church,  Nashx'ille,  June  26,  1859.  The  same  bishop  priested 
him  on  Ascension  day  the  following  year,  in  St.  l^eter's,  Columbia, 
Tenn.  After  more  than  a  year's  missionary  wmk,  in  i860  he  he- 
came  rector  of  St.  James's,  Bolivar,  Tenn.,  where  in  twenty  years 
he  built  a  new  chur.;h  and  rector)-,  a  Church  school  for  girls,  and  a 
mission  chapel  for  colored  people.  Accepting,  after  this  long  and 
successful  rectorate,  the  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  Advent,  Nash- 
ville, he  remained  as  its  rector  until  chosen  to  the  episcopal  office. 
In  1 88 1  Kenyon  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.,  and  in  1S93 
the  University  of  the  South  gave  him  the  same  honorar_\'  title. 

He  was  consecrated  Dec.  29,  1892,  at  the  Church  of  the  Ad\ent, 
Nashville,  by  Bishops  Quintard,  Dudley,  Weed,  Nelson,  and  Hale. 
His  work  as  bishop  has  been  singularly  blessed.  His  labors  take 
in  every  section  of  his  see,  and  new  churches  and  Church  acti\ities 
spring  up  in  his  pathway  at  every  step. 

WiiKKS.  —  Missionary  rciiort'-,  opiscnpal  aiMresscs,  appeals,  etc. 


p^d 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FRANCIS  KEY  BROOKE,  D.D. 


jfrancis  licsi  SSvoohc, 


The  first  missionary  bishop  cif  Oklahoma,  tlie  son  of  a  distin- 
guished clergyman  of  the  diocese  of  Ohio,  the  Re\-.  Prof.  John 
Thomson  Brooke,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Gambier,  ().,  Nov.  2,  1852. 

He  was  graduated  at  Keiiyon  College  in  1874.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  diaconate  in  Christ  Church,  Cincinnaii,  Xo\-.  21,  1875,  by 
Bishop  Jaggar,  who  priested  him  in  Christ  Church,  Springfield,  O., 
May  6,  1877.  His  early  ministry  was  spent  in  his  nati\-e  State  as 
rector  successively  at  Grace,  College  Hill ;  Christ,  Portsmouth  ;  St. 
James's,  Piqua  ;  and  Grace,  Sandusky.  I'rcm  1886  to  1888  he  was 
rector  of  St.  Peter's,  St.  Louis,  and  from  1888  to  1892  of  Trinity, 
Atchison,  Kan.  His  ministr)-  was  marked  \\  ith  success.  He  was  a 
trustee  first  oi  Kcnyon  and  later  of  liethany  Cullege.  In  the  Kansas 
Theological  ScIkidI  he  was  lecturer  on  apologetics  and  ethics.  When 
chosen  by  tlie  Church  in  General  Convention  to  the  missionary  epis- 
copate he  was  dean  of  the  Northeast  Convocation  of  Kansas,  and 
an  honorary  canon  of  the  cathedral.  He  received  his  divinity  doc- 
torate from  the  Kansas  Theological  School,  1892. 

He  was  consecrated  on  the  feast  of  the  Epiphany,  Jan.  6,  1893, 
at  Grace  Cathedral,  Topeka,  Kan.,  by  Bishops  Tuttle,  Pierce, 
Spalding,  Jaggar,  Thomas,  Kendrick,  Gra\es,  and  Atwill.  His  epis- 
copate has  been  abundant  in  labors.  In  laying  foundations,  in  build- 
ing up  the  Church  in  a  new  country  and  under  adverse  circum- 
stances, he  has  gi^;en  promise  of  a  brilliant  future. 

The  General  Conxention  of  1895  changed  his  style  to  "  Bisliop 
of  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory." 

\\^_>lUvS. — Episci.ipal  addresses,  missionary  reports,  anii  aiipeals. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM   MORRIS  BARKER,   D.D. 


Milliam  nDorris  Bavhci\ 


The  first  missionary  bishop  of  Western  Colorado  was  l:)orn  at 
Towanda,  Pa.,  May  12,  1854. 

His  education  was  received  at  his  father's  classical  school  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa.  ;  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  vvht-re  he  was 
graduated  in  1873;  and  from  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School.  P"(_)r 
two  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  the  Bishop  Scott  Grammar  School, 
Portland,  Ore.  He  was  admitted  to  the  diaconate  by  Bishop  Wil- 
liams in  Holy  Trinit_\-  Church,  Middletown,  Conn.,  June  4,  1879. 
His  diaconate  was  s])ent  as  curate  at  St.  John's,  Troy,  N.  Y.  He 
was  priested  b\-  Bishop  Doane,  F'eb.  15,  1880,  and  was  fur  a  time 
curate  at  St.  Jolm's,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  then  until  1887  rector 
of  St.  P.tul's,  in  the  same  city.  In  1887-89  he  was  rector  of 
St.  Luke's,  Haltimore,  Md.,  and  then  until  his  C(.)nsecration  in 
charge  of  St.  Paul's,  Dulnth,  and  president  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital 
in  that  city.  He  receixed  his  D.U.  fn.mi  Seabury  lJi\'init\'  School, 
Faribault,  Minn.,   1893. 

He  was  consecrated  to  the  missionary  episcopate  ot  Western 
Colorado  in  his  parish  church  at  Duluth,  on  St.  Paul's  day,  Jan.  23, 
1893,  by  Bishops  Morris  (his  uncle),  Spalding,  McLaren,  tiilbert,  and 
Nicholson.  After  a  little  more  than  a  )-ear's  serxice  in  his  mission 
field,  at  a  meeting  of  the  House  of  Bishops  held  in  New  York,  Oc- 
tober, 1894,  an  order  was  passed  by  which  Bishop  Barker  was 
"  relieved  from  the  exercise  of  episcopal  functions  in  the  missionary 
district  of  Western  Colorado,"  and  was  "  directed  to  exercise  epis- 
copal functions  in  the  missionary  district  of  Olympia  "  (comprising 
the  western  j)ortion  of  the  State  of  Washington).  Into  this  new  field 
Bishop  Barker  has  entered  with  all  his  \igor,  and  has  already 
developed  its  Church  activities  and  charities  in  an  unexampled 
manner. 

Works. — Missionary  reports  and  atUlresses,  sermons,  etc. 


RIGHT   RE\'EREND  JOHN   McKIM,  D.D. 


John  nDcmiin. 


The  successor  of  the  apostolic  Channing  Moore  \\'illiams  in  the 
see  of  Yedo,  Japan,  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  Jiil_v  17,  1852, 

He  was  graduated  in  1S79  at  Nashotah  House;  was  ordered 
deacon  at  All  Saints'  Cathedral,  Milwaukee,  June  16,  1878,  by 
Bishop  Hobart  Brown,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood  the 
following  year.  After  a  brief  term  ot  service  in  the  diocese  of 
Chicago  he  joined  the  mission  in  Jajjan,  of  which  he  is  now  the 
head.  In  his  distant  field  he  displayed  unusual  activity  and  reaped 
a  wonderful  return  for  his  labors.  Seventeen  stations  and  substa- 
tions, with  headquarters  at  Osaka,  were  reported  b_\'  him  in  his 
last  accounting  of  his  work  to  the  P'oreign  Committee  prior  to  his 
election  to  the  episcopal  ofiice.  In  ]\Iarch,  1893,  he  was  chosen  to 
the  missionar)-  episcopate  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  House  of 
Bishops,  held  in  the  chantry  of  Grace  Church,  New  York.  His 
divinity  degrees  were  rccei\'ed  from  his  alma  mater,  Nashotah 
House,  and  Trinity,  1893. 

He  was  consecrated,  June  14,  1893,  in  St.  Thomas's  Church, 
New  York,  by  Bishops  I.ittlejohn,  Lyman,  Dudley,  Scarborough, 
Kinsolving,  and  Dr.  Alfred  Barr}-,  late  bishop  of  S_\'dney  and 
primate  of  Australia.  He  has  infused  new  life  into  the  mission  ; 
and  his  consecration  of  powers,  together  with  his  man}-  excellent 
gifts,  gix'e  promise  of  marked  successes  _\-et  to  come. 

WiiRKs. — Missionary  rcjiorts,  translations,  apj^cals,  etc. 


351 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FREDERICK  ROGERS  GRAVES,  D.D. 


iftcbcnch  1Roocr8  Graves* 


Born  of  devoted  Church  parents  at  Aubivrn,  N.  Y.,  in  1S58,  and 
graduating  from  Hobart  in  1878,  and  from  the  General  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1881,  Graves  was  made  a  deacon  by  Bishop 
Horatio  Potter  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York,  June  12,  1881. 

He  was  priested  in  the  Church  of  our  Saxiour,  Hongkew, 
Shanghai,  China,  Oct.  28,  1882,  by  Bishop  C.  'SI.  Williams.  His 
whole  ministry  has  been  spent  in  China.  After  a  short  time  spent 
at  St.  John's  College,  Shanghai,  he  was  appointed  to  Wuchang, 
where  with  his  native  deacons  and  catechists  he  has  labored  faithfully 
and  well.  He  recei\ed  the  di\'inity  doctorate  from  the  General 
Theological  Seminary  in  1893. 

He  was  elected  missionary  bishop  of  Shanghai  by  the  C'hurch  in 
General  Convention  in  1892,  the  Ven.  Samuel  R.  J.  lloyt,  D.U.,  arch- 
deacon of  Davenport,  who  had  been  for  years  in  the  foreign  field, 
having  first  been  elected  and  declined.  A  number  of  the  deputies  had 
left  for  their  homes  when  the  testimonials  of  the  missionar_\-  bishop 
elect  were  received,  leaving  an  insufficient  number  to  confirm  the 
action  of  the  upper  house.  At  the  special  meeting  in  New  York 
in  March,  1893,  at  which  McKim  was  chosen  for  Yedo,  Graves  was 
reelected  for  Shanghai,  and  he  was  consecrated  at  the  same  time 
and  place  and  by  the  same  bishops  as  was  Bishop  McKim.  He  has, 
in  the  midst  of  grievous  trials  and  hindrances,  accomplished  much 
for  the  Master.  He  will  yet  do  more,  wisely  and  well,  for  the  Church 
of  God,  to  the  service  of  which  his  life  has  been  devoted. 

Works. — Missionary  reports  and  translations. 


RIGHT   REVEREND   ELLISON  CAPERS,  D.D. 


Ellison  Capers. 


The  coadjutor  to  the  \enerable  William  Bell  White  Howe  in  the 
see  of  South  Carolina  is  the  son  ot  an  eminent  bishop  or  super- 
intendent of  the  Methodist  communion.  He  was  born  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  Oct.  14,  1837,  and  was  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
Military  Academy  in  1857. 

Appointed  assistant  professor  of  mathematics  in  his  alma  mater, 
he  resigned  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  1861,  serving  in 
the  Confederate  army  till  its  close,  and  rising  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general.  Ordained  to  the  diaconate.  May  3,  1867,  in  St.  Luke's 
Church,  Charleston,  by  Bishop  W.  B.  W.  Howe,  he  recei\ed  priest's 
orders,  Sept.  13,  1868,  in  Trinity,  Abbeville,  from  the  same  prelate. 
From  1867  to  1887  he  was  rector  of  Chri.st  Church,  Greenville,  S.  C, 
save  a  }-ear's  service  at  St.  Paul's,  Selma,  Ala.  From  1887  until  his 
election  to  the  episcopal  office  he  was  rector  of  Trinity  Church, 
■Columbia,  S.  C.  He  was  secretar\-  and  treasurer  of  the  diocesan 
board  of  missions,  1879—93,  'i''"!  ■^^'^.s  a  deputy  to  tb.e  General  Con- 
vention, 1880,  1883,  and  1886,  declining  the  honor  for  the  next  two 
sessions.  In  1888  he  received  the  D.D.  from  South  Cart)lina  Col- 
lege, and  from  the  University  of  the  South  in  1893. 

In  1893  he  was  elected  bishop  coadjutor  of  South  Carolina,  and 
was  consecrated  in  his  parish  church  at  Columbia,  July- 20th  of  that 
year,  by  Bishops  Lyman,  Watson,  Weed,  and  Jackson.  The  eritire 
supervision  and  administration  of  ecclesiastical  affairs  has  already 
■devolved  upoit  him  by  the  death  of  Bishojj  Howe,  which  occurred 
Nov.  25,  1894.  He  is  a  man  of  commanding  ]3resence,  large- 
hearted,  tolerant,  and  wise  ;  and  the  see  of  South  Cartilina  is  most 
happily  filled. 

\Viii;Ks. — OcciLviunal  ^crlll(>ns,  cpi^cupal  addresses,  [>asturals,  etc. 


RIGHT  REVEREND  THOMAS  FRANK  GAILOR,  D.D. 


XTbomas  fvank  (3ailot, 


The  bishop  coadjutor  chosen  for  the  see  of  Tennessee  on  the 
request  of  the  venerable  and  beloved  Ouintard  for  relief  from  his 
excessive  duties,  is  a  native  of  Mississippi,  where  he  was  born  at 
Jackson,  Sept.  17,  1856. 

He  was  graduated  with  the  highest  honors  at  Racine  in  1876, 
being  the  head  of  the  College,  the  Edwards's  Greek  prizeman,  and 
the  Ouintard  medalist.  Ht  was  Greek  prizeman  at  the  General 
Theological  Seminary,  where  he  completed  his  preparation  fur 
orders,  receiving  in  1880  the  graduating  degree  of  S.T.B.  He  was 
ordered  deacon  May  15,  1879,  and  was  priested  the  following  year, 
both  by  Bishop  Ouintard.  His  whole  ministr)-  was  spent  in  Ten- 
nessee. He  was  rector  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  I'ulaski, 
1879-82,  when  his  connection  with  tlic  Uni\ersity  of  the  .South 
began  by  his  appointment  to  the  chair  of  ecclesiastical  history  and 
polity.  In  1883  li<^  became  chaplain  of  the  university,  and  in  1890 
vice-chancellor.  His  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  educational 
work  at  Sewanee  constrained  him  to  decline  the  wardenship  of 
Racine  College,  the  rectorships  of  Trinity,  Chicago,  and  Trinity, 
New  Orleans,  and  in  1891  the  bishopric  of  Georgia.  In  1893  the 
General  Theological  Seminary  gave  him  the  divinity  degree,  which 
was  repeated  from  Columbia,  Trinity,  and  the  Uni\'ersity  of  the 
South. 

He  was  inianimously  elected  bishop  coadjutor  of  Tennessee  on 
the  first  ballot,  in  1893,  and  was  consecrated  on  the  feast  of 
St.  James,  July  25th  of  that  year,  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Augustine, 
Sewanee,  by  Bishops  Ouintard,  Dudley,  Perry,  Sexniour,  Watson, 
Johnston,  Jackson,  Nelson,  Hale,  and  Kinsoh'ing. 

Works.  —  I.  "  Manual  of  Devotions  "  (six  editions) ;  2.  .Sermon  un  '■  Tjic  TnivLrsity 
Iilea"  (1887) ;  3.  Sermon  on  "  Apostolic  Succession  "  (iSqo) ;  4.  Sermon  on  "  I  hristian 
Education"  (1892);  5.  Lectures  liefore  the  New  York  (.'hurcli  Club  (iSSO,  1S95)  ; 
6.  Educational  pamphlets,  addresses,  etc. 


357 


RIGHT   REVEREND  WILLIAM    LAWRENCE,   D.D. 


Milliain  Xawucncc. 


The  se\-enth  bishop  of  Massachusetts,  and  tlie  successor  of  the 
celebrated  Phillips  lirooks,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  30,  1S50, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  the  class  ot   1.S7  i. 

He  pursued  his  theological  studies  at  Ando\er,  the  Philadelphia 
Divinity  School,  and  at  the  Episcopal  School  at  Cambridge,  where 
he  was  graduated  B.D.  in  1875.  He  was  ordained  to  the  diacon- 
ate  in  St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel,  Cambiidge,  June  20,  1875,  by 
Bishop  Paddock,  who  adxanccd  him  to  tlie  priesthood  in  Crace 
Church,  Lawrence,  Mass.,  Trinity  Suiula\',  June  II,  1876.  He  was 
rector  of  the  church  at  Lawrence,  1876-84;  jjrofessor  of  homiletics 
and  pastoral  care  at  the  Episcopal  School  at  Cambridge,  1884-93; 
and  dean  of  the  school,  1889-93. 

P^lected  bishop  on  May  4,  1893,  lie  was  consecrated  on  October 
5th,  in  Trinity,  Boston,  by  Bishops  Williams,  Doanc,  Clark.  W'hip- 
ple,  Huntington,  Neely.  Niles,  Potter,  and  Dr.  Courtney,  bisho]j  of 
Nova  Scotia.  The  archbishop  of  Zante,  CiiX'cce,  was  present  at  the 
service. 

Bishop  Lawrence  has  been  preacher  to  llarxanl  Unixersit}',  and  is 
an  overseer  of  the  uni\-ersity,  trustee  of  W'ellesley  and  Smith  colleges, 
etc.  He  is  a  student  of  culture,  widely  read,  and  in  touch  witii 
every  humanitarian  and  educational  scheme. 

Wc.iRKS.  —  I.  "  Life  of  .Amos  A.  Lawrence  "  (1888)  ;  2.  "  PropDrtlonal  Representation 
in  the  House  of  Clerical  and  Lay  Deputies  "  ;  3.    Educational  papers,  sermons,  etc. 


i^5 


o 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOSEPH  BLOUNT  CHESHIRE,  JR.,  D.D. 


Joseph  Blount  Chcsbivc,  Jr. 


A  SCION  of  a  distinguished  and  influential  Nortli  Carolina  family 
from  colonial  days  was  the  coadjutor  and  is  the  successor  of  Lvman 
in  the  see  of  his  native  State.  He  was  born  at  Tarboroug'h,  N.  C, 
March  2J,  1850. 

He  was  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  1869.  After  two 
years  spent  in  teaching  he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  in  1872.  Turning  his 
thoughts  toward  the  sacred  ministry,  he  was  made  a  deacon  by 
Bishop  Atkinson  on  Easter  da_\-,  April  21,  1878,  in  his  father's 
church  at  Tarborough.  He  was  advanced  to  the  priesthood  in  St. 
Paul's,  Winston,  N.  C.,  Ma_\-  30,  1880,  by  Bishop  Lyman.  He  spent 
his  diaconate  and  the  first  year  of  his  priesthood  at  Chapel  Hill  and 
Durham,  N.  C,  founding  a  chuich  in  each  place.  From  188  I  until 
his  consecration  he  was  rector  <>f  St.  Peter's,  Charlotte,  N.  C.  He 
was  a  deputy  to  the  General  C<in\entions  of  1886,  1889,  and  1892, 
and  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  University  of  the  South  since  1885. 
He  received  the  doctorate  in  divinity  from  the  university  of  his  native 
State  in  1890,  and  from  the  University  of  the  South  in  1894. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  coadjutor  in  Calvary  Chapel,  Tarbor- 
ough, Oct.  15,  1893,  by  Bishops  L)-man,  Watson,  and  Capers. 
Bishops  Ouintard,  Dudley,  Weed,  and  Sessums  were  also  present, 
and  assisted  in  the  imposition  of  hands.  Bishop  Cheshire  has  long 
been  the  historiographer  of  the  diocese,  and  his  historical  studies  have 
resulted  in  his  publication  of  sex'eral  most  xalua'ole  monographs. 
He  is  a  scholar  of  rare  attainments  and  an  able  and  devoted  father 
in  God. 

Works.  —  I.  "Early  Conventions  nf  tlie  Cliurcli  in  Niirtli  Carolina"  (18S2);  2. 
"Fragments  of  Nortli  Carolina  Church  History"  (i885);  3.  "The  Church  in  the 
Province  of  North  Carolina":  4.  "  Decay  and  Revival";  5.  "  Parson  Miller  and  White 
Haven  Church"  (1890). 


,Sfil 


RIGHT   REVEREND   ARTHl  R   CRAWSHAY   ALIJSTON   HALL,   D.D. 


Hrthuu  Crawsba^  HUiston  1[3alL 


Thk  siiccesscir  of  Bissell  in  the  see  of  Vermont  is  a  native  of 
Ent^land,  ha\ing  been  born  at  Binfield,  Berkshire,  April  12,  1847. 

He  was  educated  at  Christ  Church  College,  Oxford,  taking  his 
B.A.  in  1869,  and  proceeding  M.A.,  in  course,  in  1872.  He  was 
ordained  deacon  by  the  bishop  of  C\\ford,  December,  1870,  and 
priest  b\-  the  same  prelate,  Dec.  21,  1871,  as  a  member  of  the  So- 
ciety of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Cowley,  O.xford.  He  was  licensed 
preacher  in  the  tliocese  of  Oxford,  1870-73;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1873  ■  '^^"''s  assistant  minister  of  the  Church  of  the  Ad\ent, 
Boston,  1874-82  ;  was  in  charge  of  the  Mission  Church  of  .St.  John 
the  l',\angelist,  Boston,  1883-91.  He  was  naturalized  and  became  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  while  ministering  in  Boston.  He  was 
licensed  preacher  in  the  diocese  of  Oxford,  1892-93.  He  recei\-ed 
an  honorary  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Oxford,  1893.  The  same 
year  he  received  the  same  degree  from  Trinity,  Hartford,  and  from 
Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  P.  O. 

He  was  elected  bishop  of  Vermcjiit,  Aug.  30,  1893,  <i'"'fl  ^^'^^  '-"""- 
secrated  in  St.  Taul's  Church,  Burlington,  Vt.,  on  the  festival  of  the 
Purification,  I'"eh.  2,  I  894,  by  Bi.shops  Neely,  Niles,  Coleman,  Craf- 
ton,  and  Lawrence,  together  with  the  Most  Rev.  Dr.  Travers  Lewis, 
archbishop  of  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was  released  from  all  obliga- 
tions to  the  Society  of  St.  John  the  I<'.vangelist  prior  to  his  conse- 
cration to  the  see. 

Bishop  Hall  is  a  preacher  of  rare  ability  and  eluquence.  He  is 
a  well-read  theologian,  and  a  writer  of  taste  and  culture.  He  has 
in  his  brief  episcopate  won  all  hearts. 

Works.  — I.  ■•  Mclitations  un  the  (.'ret-.l  "  ( 1S76)  ;  2.  "  Me.litatkms  .m  the  I..)r<l's 
Prayer  "( 1879)  ;  J.  "  Cunfes.sion  and  the  Lamljetli  Cunlerence  "  ( 1S79) ;  4.  "  The  Cliris- 
tian  Law  concerning  Marriage  and  Divorce"  (1881);  5.  "  Meditations  on  the  E.\am]ile 
of  the  Passion"  (1882);  6.  "Apostolical  Succession"  (1886);  7.  "Concerning  Clirlst 
and  the  Church  :  A  Devotional  Exposition  of  the  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians  "  (1886); 
8.  "  Catholic  not  Protestant  nor  Roman  Catholic  "  (1887)  ;  9.  "  Exposition  of  the  Gospel 
Canticles"  (1887);  10.  "  Meditations  on  the  Collects,  for  the  Sundays  and  Holy  Days" 
(1888);  II.  "  The  Eucharistic  Sacrifice  and  the  Sacrifice  of  Masses  "  (1889) :  12.  "The 
Saintly  Life:  Notes  for  Meditation  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Philippians  "  :  13.  "  Reasonable 
Faith"  (four  sermons  on:  .\  Personal  God,  The  'I'rinity,  The  Godhead  of  Christ,  The 
Incarnation,  1889) :  14.  "The  Inspiration  of  Holy  Scripture  "  (1890):  15.  "  Self-dis- 
cipline"  (1890) ;  16.  "  Tlie  Words  from  and  to  the  Cross  "  (1891 ) ;  17.  "  Tlie  Gospel 
Woes  "(two  volumes  (i)  Holv  Week  and  Go<id  Friday  Meditations;  (2)  Lenton  sermons, 
1891);  18.  "The  Virgin  Mother:  Ketre.at  Addresses  on  the  Life  of  the  Blessed  N'irgin 
Mary"  (1894);  19.  "Reading  the  Hihle,"  "  Retreats,"  and  otlier  sermons.  :iddresses, 
tracts,  etc. 


RIGHT   REVEREND  JOHN   BROCKENBROUGH   NEWTON,   M.D. 


3obn  Brochcnbvouob  IRcwtoti. 


The  son  of  distinguished  parents  and  the  representatixe  of  old 
Virginia  famihes  dating  back  to  colonial  days,  John  Brockenbrough 
Newton  was  born  in  Westmoreland,  Va.,  Feb.  7,  1839,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Episcopal  High  School  near  Alexandria,  in  his  nati\'e 
State. 

Determining  upon  the  medical  profession  as  his  vocation,  he  took 
his  M.D.  at  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia  in  i860.  During  the 
Civil  War  he  was  first  an  assistant  and  then  a  full  surgeon  in  the 
Confederate  forces,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  On  the  cessa- 
tion of  hostilities  he  practised  medicine  for  a  time  in  Westmoreland 
County.  Abandoning  his  profession,  he  entered  upon  a  course  of 
theological  study,  and  was  ordered  deacon  June  25,  1871,  and  ad- 
vanced to  the  priesthood  June  29th  the  following  year,  both  by 
Bishop  Whittle.  For  nearly  five  years  he  was  rector  of  Smith 
Farnham  parish,  Essex  County,  Va.  ;  for  more  than  eight  \-ears  rector 
of  St.  Luke's,  Norfolk  ;  and  for  nine  years  rector  of  the  ^Monumental 
Church,  Richmontl. 

Elected  bishop  coadjutor  of  Virginia,  Jan.  31,  1894,  he  was  con- 
secrated in  his  parish  church  in  Richmond,  May  i6th,  by  Bishops 
Whittle,  Dudley,  Jackson,  and  Capers.  Eloquent,  able,  and  devout, 
he  has  entered  upon  his  life-work  with  enthusiasm  and  every  prospect 
of  success. 

Works. — Occasional  sermons  and  addresses. 


365 


RIGHT  REVEREND  JOHN   HA/EN   WHITE,   D.D. 


John  1F)a3Cti  Mbitc. 


BoKX  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  March  lo,  1849,  of  New  I-jigland  parent- 
aye,  young  White  turned  his  attention,  after  a  full  course  in  the 
highest  schools  of  the  city,  to  business  life. 

Three  years  were  thus  occupied,  when  in  1IS69  he  enteretl  Ken- 
yon  College  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1872.  Ha\ing  de- 
termined upon  the  ministry  as  his  life-work,  he  entered  the  Berkeley 
Divinity  School  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  graduating  in  1875.  He  was 
ordered  deacon,  June  4,  1875,  and  was  priested.  May  28,  1876,  both 
by  Bishop  Williams.  His  ministerial  and  other  posts  were  as  assistant 
at  St.  Andrew's,  Meriden,  Conn.,  1875-77  ;  vice-rector  and  instruc- 
tor in  Latin  at  St.  Margaret's  School,  Waterbury,  Conn.,  and  curate 
at  St.  John's  in  that  city,  1877-78;  rector  of  Grace  Church,  Old 
Saybrook,  Conn.,  1S78-81;  rector  of  Christ  Church,  Joliet,  111., 
1881-86;  rector  of  Christ  Church,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1886-89;  rector 
of  St.  John  the  Evangelist's,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  1889-91  ;  warden  of 
Seabury  Divinity  School,  Faribault,  Minn.,  1891  until  his  election  to 
the  episcopate.      His  D.D.  was  conferred  bv  Kenyon  and  Seaburv, 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Indiana,  May  1st,  SS.  I'hilip  and 
James's  day,  1895,  in  St.  Paul's,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  by  Bishops  Tut- 
tle,  McLaren,  Leonard,  Whitehead,  Gilbert,  Nicholson,  and  Hale. 

Bishoj)  White  is  scholarly,  accomplished,  earnest,  and  devout. 
He  is  well  fitted  to  be  a  leader  of  men. 

^^'<>RKS. — .Sermons  and  addresses. 


367 


RIGHT  REVEREND  FRANK   ROSEBROOK   MILLSPAUGH,  D.D. 


jfranh  IRoscbrooh  fUMllspauob. 


Tuf;  successor  of  the  learned  and  laborious  Thomas  in  the  see  of 
Kansas  was  born  in  Nichols,  Tioga  County,  X.  '\'.,  .April  12,  1848,  nf 
Dutch  descent. 

His  family  removed  to  Faribault,  Minn.,  in  1837,  and  young 
Millspaugh  was  sent  to  the  parish  school  under  the  pioneer  mission- 
ary, Rev.  J.  Lloyd  Breck,  D.D.  He  became  a  Sunday  scholar  and 
choir-boy  in  the  first  church  building  of  the  Bishop  Seabury  Mission, 
under  Dr.  Breck,  Bishop  Whipple,  Professor  Thomas  (afterward 
bishop  of  Kansas),  and  Rev.  Dr.  Dobbin.  He  was  graduated  from 
Shattuck  Hall,  June,  1870.  He  entered  Seabury  Di\-inity  School 
in  1870,  graduating  in  1873,  with  the  degree  of  B.D.  He  was 
ordered  deacon  by  Bishop  Whipple  in  the  cathedral  at  Faribault, 
June  22,  1873,  who  advanced  him  to  the  priesthood,  June  21,  1874. 
After  abundant  missionary  work  in  Minnesota,  Millspaugh  was  called 
to  be  dean  of  Omaha  Cathedral,  Nebraska,  and  was  formall}-  in- 
stalled Oct.  6,  1876,  remaining  in  that  charge  for  ten  years.  In 
1886  he  became  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Minneapolis,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  become  dean  of  Grace  Cathedral,  Topeka, 
Kan.,  where  he  remained  until  elected  to  the  episcopal  office,  in 
succession  to  his  old  instructor,  Thomas.  He  recei\ed  the  degree 
of  D.D.  from  Seabury  in  1895. 

He  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Kansas,  Sept.  19,  1895,  in  the 
Topeka  Cathedral.  His  consecrators  were  Bishojjs  Whipi)le,  Tut- 
tle,  Spalding,  Atwill,  and  Brooke. 

Bishop  Millspaugh  has  in  his  early  mission  work,  ami  especially 
in  his  close  association  with  Bishops  Clarkson  and  Thomas,  the  best 
of  preparation  for  the  work  he  has  now  entered  upon.  Full  of 
strength,  physical  and  intellectual,  the  work  under  him  will  not  fail 
of  the  fullest  care. 

\V<iRK^. — Sermons  and  addresses. 


INDEX, 


INTRODUCTION. 


Act  of  Conl'urmity  to  Doctrine  and  Worship 
of  P.  E.  Church,  xxxviii. 

Act  of  Parliament  authorizing  consecration 
of  American  bishops,  xxxvi. 

"Act  of  the  General  Convention,"'  etc., 
xxxvii  /(/. 

.•\tlams,  John,  intermediary  between  Eng- 
lish bishops  and  Philadelphia  Convention, 
xxix  sq. 

Addresses   to   the  English  Church,   xxvii ; 

XXXV. 

.\laska,  R.  C.  vicariate,  Ixxiii. 

Albany,  R.  C.  diocese,  Iviii. 

Alemany,  J.  S.,  Iviii;   Ixi. 

Alexander  (Rome),  xx. 

Alexander,  succeeds  Narcissus  in  see  of 
Jerusalem,  xv. 

Algoma,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Alton,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Amat,  T. ,  Ixi. 

Ames,  E.  R.,  liv. 

Anderson,  D.,  xliii. 

Andrew,  J.  O.,  liv. 

.\ndrews.  Rev.  Dr.,  lii  sq. 

Andrews,  E.  G.,  liv. 

.\ndronicus,  an  apostle,  xii. 

.\nencletus,  xx. 

.\nicetus,  xx. 

.A.ns<m,  K.  J.  R.,  xliii. 

,\ntioch.  Church  of,  xv. 

.\polIonius,  xvii. 

.\postolical  succession,  xiv  sq.:  defect  in, 
impossible,  xxi.  See  Episcopate,  Light- 
foot,  etc. 

Arizoma,  R.  C.  vicariate,  Ixiii. 

Asbury,  Francis,  xlvii;  writes  Wesley  of 
position  of  Methodists  in  America,  xlvii 
sq. ;  rebuked  by  Wesley  for  assuming  title 
of  bishop,  xlix  ;  invited  to  Dr.  West's, 
lii ;  no  decisive  answer  to  West's  queries, 
liii ;  liv. 

.Athabasca,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Atkinson,  T.,  ixv. 


Bacon,  1>.  \V.,  Ixii. 

Baker,  (J.  C,  liv. 

Baldwin,  M.  S.,  xliii. 

Baltes,  P.  J.,  lix. 

Baltimore,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Baltimore  Conference,  xlvii. 

Baraga,  F.,  Ixi. 

Barnabas,  an  apostle,  xii. 

Barry,  J.,  Ixii. 

Bassus,  xvii. 

Bauer,   \.  P..  Ixii. 

Bayley,"j.  R..  Ivii;   Ixi. 

Bazin,  J.  S. ,  Ixiii. 

Beaven,  T.  D.,  Ixii. 

Becker,  T.  A.,  Ixii;  Ixiii. 

Bedell,  G.  T.,  Ixv;  Ixviii. 

Belleville,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Bermuda,  xliii. 

Bessonies,  A.,  Ixiii. 

Bethune,  A.  N.,  xliii. 

Binney,  H.,  xliii. 

Binney,  W.  H.,  xliii. 

Bishop,  views  of  Ignatius  on  the  office  of, 
xvij-(/./  at  head  of  hierarchy,  xix  ;  .Amer- 
ican, same  as  other  bishops,  xxii ;  presi- 
dent of  Convention,  .\xxv ;  powers  de- 
fined, xxxvi.  See  Episcopate,  Lightfoot, 
Ignatius,  etc. 

Bishops,  English,  reply  to  Plan  and  Ad- 
dress, xxviii  sq.;  terms  of  agreement  to 
consecrate  American  bishops,  xxxi  sq.; 
their  letter  answered,  xxxv. 

Blanc,  A.,  Ivii. 

Blanchet,  A.  M.  A.,  Ixi. 

Blanchet,  F.  N.,  Iviii;   lix. 

Boardman,  R.,  xlvi. 

Boff,  F.  M.,  lix. 

Boise  City,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Bomp.as,  W.  C,  xliii. 

Bonacum,  T.,  Ixi. 

Bond,  W.  B.,  xliii. 

Borgess,  C.  H.,  Ix. 

Boston,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 


lioiiryadc,  P.,  Ixiii. 

liowman,  T.,  liv. 

Hratlley,  D.  iM.,  Ixi. 

]ira<ly,  J.  J.,  Ivii. 

Itrc'iinan,  T.  I'".,  lix. 

ISritish  North  America,  succession  of  bish- 
ops, xliii;  episcopate  in,  xlv  j-</. 

lironclel,  J.  B.,  Ix. 

l{rt>oklyn,  K.  C.  tliocese,  hx. 

lirownsville,  R.  C.  vicariate,  Ixiii. 

lirute,  S.  G.,  Ixiii. 

Huffalo,  R.  C.  (hoceso,  lix. 

liurgess,  G.,  Ixvi. 

ISurke,  M.  F.,  lix;   Ixii. 

Hurke,  T.  M.  A.,  lix. 

Burlini^ton,  R.  C.  ilioccse,  lix. 

Hurn,  W.  J.,  xliii. 

Uurns,  F.,  liv. 

livrne.  A.,  Ixi. 

irvriie,  T.  S.,  Ixi. 

diillet,  I..  K.,  Iviii. 

Caleil<jnia,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Calgary,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Canada,  xliii.     See  British  North  .America. 

Cantwcll,  N.,  Iviii. 

Cardenas,  L.  1'.  y,  Ivii. 

Carrell,  G.  A.,  lix. 

Carroll,  J.,  Iv  sq. 

Chahrat,  Guy  I.,  Ixi. 

Cliance,  J.  J.,  Ixi. 

Chandler,  T.  H.,  presents  Memorial,  xxxvi ; 
named  for  bishop,  xlv. 

Chapelle,  P.  1...  Iviii. 

Charleston,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Chatard,  F.  S.,  Ixiii. 

Cheverus,  John,  Ivii. 

Cheyenne,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Chicago,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Church,  American,  position  in  regard  to 
episcopate,  .\xii  si/.;  separation  from 
state,  xxviii ;  creeds  discussed  in  English 
papers,  xxx.  See  White,  Seabury,  Act 
of  Conformity,  etc. 

Church,  Protestant  Kpiscopal.  See  Church, 
American. 

Church,  "  Protestant  Episcopal,  in  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,"  xxiii. 

Cincinnati,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Claggett,  N.  J.,  unites  Scottish  and  Eng- 
lish lines,  .\lii. 

Clancy,  W.,  lix. 

Clark,  D.  W.,  liv. 

Clement,  xx. 

Cleveland,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Coke,  Thomas,  made  a  Methiidi>t  superin- 
tendent, xlviii;  urges  Wesley  to  lay  his 
hands  on  hnn,  xlix  sj.;  letter  to  .Seabury, 
lii;  sermon  at  Paltimore  Conference,  (/».,■ 
letter  to  White,  do.;  invited  to  Dr.  West's, 
i/i>.:  no  decisive  answer  given  to  West's 
queries,  liii ;  too  late  for  succession,  do.; 
liv. 


C'olundiia,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Columbus,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Coneanen,  R.  1,.,  Iviii. 

Concordia,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Connolly,  J.,  Iviii. 

Conroy,  J.  J.,  Iviii. 

Consecration,  canonical,  xx-xxi ;  Roman, 
variations  from,  xxi;  of  American  bish- 
ops, act  of  Parliament,  xxxvi. 

Convention,  Philadelphia,  May  24,  1784, 
xxiii;   1785,  xxvi ;  June,  1786,  xxxiijy. 

Convention,  \\'ilmington,  xxxvi  sg. 

Conwell,  H.,  Iviii. 

Cooper,  E.,  lii. 

Corrigan,  M.  A.,  Iviii ;   Ixi. 

Cosgrove,  II.,  lix. 

Cotter,  J.  H.,  Ixiii. 

Courtney,  F.,  xliii. 

Covington,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

Coxe,  A.  C,  Ixv;  Ixvi;   Ixviii. 

Creeds,  Nicene  and  Athanasian,  position  of 
English  bishops  on,  xxxi;  xxxvi  si/.; 
final  action,  xxxviii. 

Cretin,  J.,  Iviii. 

Cronyn,  B.,  xliii. 

Curtis,  A.  A.,  Ixiii. 

Cushing,  P.,  xlvi. 

Dallas,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

I  )amas,  xvii. 

Davenport,  R.  C.  diocese,  lix. 

David,  J.  B.,  Ixi. 

De  Goesbriand,  L.,  lix. 

De  Neckere,  L.,  Ivii. 

Denver,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Descent  into  hell,  in  creed,  xxx-xxxi ;  po- 
sition of  archbishops,  xxxvi  sq.;  Hnal 
action,  xxxviii. 

Detroit,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Diocese,  unit  of  early  Churcli,  xix. 

Domenec,  M.,  Ixii. 

Drew,  "  Life  of  Dr.  Coke,"  quoted,  xlix  sq. 

Dubois,  J.,  Iviii. 

Dubourg,  W.  v.,  Ivii. 

Duhuis,\-.  M.,  Ix. 

Dubuque,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Duche,  T-,  XXX. 

Dufal,  P..  Ix. 

Duggan,   I.,  Ivii. 

Diiiutli.  K.  C.  diocese,  l.\. 

Dunn,  .\.  II.,  xliii. 

Dunne,  E.  J.,  lix. 

Durier,  A.,  Ixi. 

Dwenger,  J.,  Ix. 

Eccleston,  S.,  Ivii. 

Egan,  M.,  Iviii. 

Elder,  W.  H.,  Ivii;  Ixi. 

Eleutherus,  xx. 

Emory,  J.,  liv. 

Emory,  R.,  "The  History  of  the  Disci- 
pline," quoted,  li. 

England,  T-,  li"- 

English  Conferuice,  li. 


Episcoiiaie,  ]n-,lorical,  found  in  New  Test;i- 
n)ent,  xi  si/. :  firmly  establislietl  in  second 
century,  xiii ;  traced  to  apostles,  xiv;  in- 
cludes apostolical  succession,  xiv;  not  an 
evolution  from  the  presbyterate,  xix ; 
conformable  to  mind  of  Christ,  do.;  au- 
thorities quoted,  xxi-xxii ;  introduction 
into  U.  S.,  xxii  si/.;  view  of  American 
Church,  do.      See  Hishop. 

Erie,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

lOusebius,  list  of  Symeon's  successors,  xv. 

Evarestus,  xx. 

Farley,  J.  M.,  Iviii. 

Fauquier,  F.  !>.,  xliii. 

F'eehan,  P.  A.,  Ivii ;    Ixi. 

Eenwick,  B.  [.,  Ivii. 

Fenwick,  E. ,  Ivii. 

F'ield,   E.,  xliii. 

Fink,  L.  M.,  Ix. 

Fitzgerald,  E.,  Ixi. 

F'itzgerald,  J.  N.,  liv. 

Fitzpatrick,  J.  B.,  Ivii. 

Flagel,  B.  T-",  Ixi. 

Flasch,  K.  C.  Ixi. 

Fletcher,  advi--cs  ordination  liy  liishops, 
xlviii. 

Foley,  J.  S.,  Ix. 

Foley,  T.,  Ivii. 

F'oreign  churches,  Ixiii  .si/. 

Fort  Wayne,  K.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Foss,  C.  D.,  liv. 

Foster,  R.  S.,  liv. 

Fowler,  C.  H.,  liv. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  aid  invnkeil.  xxx. 

Fredericton,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Fulford,  F.,  xliii. 

Fuller,  T.  B.,  xliii. 

"  Fundamental  Principles."     See  White. 

CJabriels,  IE,  Ixi. 

Galberry,  T.,  Ix. 

(Jallagher,  N.  A.,  Ix. 

Galveston,  R.  C.  di<icese,  Ix. 

Cartland,  F.  X.,  Ixii. 

George,  E.,  liv. 

Gibbons,  Cardinal,  Ivii ;   Ixii ;   Ixiii. 

Gilmour,  R.,  lix. 

Gladstone,  "  Church  Princijdes,"  quoted, 
xiv. 

(jleeson,  W..  lix. 

Cilorieux.  A.  [.,  lix. 

Golrick.  I.  M"..  Ix. 

Goodsell,'  D.  A.,  liv. 

Gore,  "The  Ministry  of  the  Christian 
Church,"  quoted,  xx. 

Grace,  T.  L.,  Iviii. 

fJrand  Rapids,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Green  Bay,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Griffin,  M.  L.,  "  American  Catholic  His- 
torical Researches,"  Iv. 

Griffith,  bishop  elect  of  Virginia,  xxxviii ; 
lack  of  support,  xlii. 

Gross,  W.  H.,  Iviii;   Ixii. 


Ilailaniliere,  C.  de  la,  Ixiii. 

Haiti,  Ixiii  .u/. 

Hale,     C.     R.,    Bishop,    "  The    American 

Church  and  .Methodism."  (luoted,  xli  sij. 
Hamilton,  C,  xliii. 


I..  1. 


Mc 


of  Wesley,"  qu.itcd, 


Hamline 

Hanqiso 
Hi. 

Hard,  L.,  Ixiii. 

Harkens,  M.,  Ixii. 

Harnack,  supjiorts  Lightfoot,  xvi. 

Harris,  W.  E.,  liv. 

Harrisburg,  R.  C  diocese,  Ix. 

Hartford,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Haven,  E.  O.,  liv. 

Haven,  G.,  liv. 

Hawks's  "  Contributions  to  lieclesiastical 
History,"  quoted,  xlviii. 

Healey,  J.  A.,  Ixii. 

Hedding,  E.,  liv. 

Hegesippus,  xv. 

Heiss,  M.,  Ivii:   Ixi. 

Helena,  R.  C.  di.icese,  Ix. 

llellmuth,  I.,  xliii. 

Hendricken,  T.  F.,  Ixii. 

1  [ennessy,  J.,  Ivii. 

Hennessy,  1.  ].,  lix;   Ixiii. 

Henni,  J.  M.,'lvii. 

Plero,  XV. 

Heslin,  T.,  Ixi. 

Hill.s,  G.,  xliii. 

Hogan,  J.  J.,  Ix. 

Holly,  J.  T.,  Ixv 

Horden,  J.,  xliii. 

Horstmann,  E  F. 

Hughes,  J.,  Iviii. 

Huron,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Hurst,  J.  F.,  liv. 

Hyginus,  xx. 

Ignatius,  second  bishop  of  Antioch,  xv ; 
Epistles  considered,  xv.  sij.;  their  genuine- 
ness, xv.;^./  journey  to  Rome,  xvi ;  quo- 
tations relating  to  bishop's  office,  xvi  sij.: 
threefold  ministry  essential,  xviii  epis- 
copate not  an  evolution  from  the  presby- 
terate, xix. 

Indian  Territory,  R.  C.  vicariate,  Ixiii. 

Inglis,  C,  xxix  ;  confidential  letter  to  White, 
xxxi.fi7.,-  in  succession,  xliii;  first  colo- 
nial bishop,  xiv;  letter  to  White  from 
Halifax,  i/o.:   labors  ami  death,  xlvi. 

Inglis,  E,  xliii. 

Irelaii.l,  J.,  Kiii. 

Irena-us,  xix;  bishop,  xx ;  succession  in 
Roman  Church,  do. 

James,  an  apostle,  not  one  of  the  Twehe,  xii. 

Jamestown,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Janes,  E.  S.,  liv. 

Jansscn,  J.,  lix. 

Janssens,  F.,  Ivii;  Ixi. 

Jarvis,  chosen  as  coadjutor  to  Seabury,  xl. 

jay,  John,  in  Convention  of  1/86,  xxxv. 


Ixvi. 
lix. 


Jerusalem,  Cliurch  of,  Episcopacy  in,  xiii- 

XV. 

Jones,  L.,  xliii. 

Joos,  E.,  Ix. 

Joyce,  1.  \V.,  liv. 

Juncker,  II.  1  >.,  lix. 

Junger,  A.,  Ixi. 

Junia,  an  ajiostle,  xii. 

Kain,  J.  J.,  Iviii ;   Ixiii. 

Kansaii  City,  Kan.,  K.  C.  diocese,  Ix. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  R.  C.  iliocese,  ix. 

Katzer,  F.  X.,  Ivii ;   Ix. 

Keane,  J.  J.,  Ixii;   Ixiii. 

Kelly,  J.  IJ.,  xliii. 

Kelly,  P.,  Ixii. 

Kenrick,  F.  P.,  Ivii;   Iviii. 

Kenrick,  I>.  R..  Iviii. 

Kerfool,  J.   1).,  Iwiii. 

Kingtlon,  II.  '!'.,  \liii. 

King's  College,  \\  inilsiir,  N.  .S.,  xlvi. 

Kingsley,  C,  liv. 

Knox,  A.,  condemns  Wesley,  li. 

Krautbauer,  F.  .\.,  Ix. 

I. a  Crosse,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Lamy,  J.  B.,  Iviii. 

I.avialle,  P.  J.,  Ixi. 

Learning,  chosen  as  coadjutor  to  Seabury,  xl. 

I.ee,  A.,  Ixv;   Ixvi ;   Ixviii. 

Lee,  J.,  "  History  of  the  Methoilisis," 
quoted,  xlvii  si/. 

Lefevre,  P.  P.,  Ix. 

Lerav,  F.  X.,  Ivii ;   Ixi. 

Lewis,  J.  T.,  xliii. 

Lightfoot,  Bishop,  threefold  ministry  before 
middle  of  second  century,  xii;  Kjasco- 
pacy  in  Jerusalem,  xii;  "  Epistle  to  the 
Galatians,"  quoted,  xii ;  "  Christian  Min- 
istry," quoted,  xiii  .u/.;  episcopate  in 
first  century,  associated  with  St.  John, 
xiii ;   Ignatian  Epistles  genuine,  xv. 

Lincoln,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Linus,  XX. 

Little  Rock,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Littlejohn,  A.  N.,  Ixviii. 

Lookens,  L. ,  lix. 

Loras,  M.,  Ivii. 

Loughlin,  J.,  lix. 

Louisville,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Ludden,  P.  A.,  Ixii. 

Luers,  J.  H.,  Ix. 

Lullworth  Castle,  Iv  si/. 

MacColI,  Canon,  "Christianity  in  Rela- 
tion to  Science  and  Morals,"  (|uoled,  xix. 

Machebeuf,  J.  P.,  Ix. 

Machray,  R.,  xliii. 

Mackenzie  River,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Madison,  sent  to  England  for  consccr.ation, 
xiii. 

Maes,  C.  P.,  lix. 

Mallalieu,  \V.  F.,  liv. 

Manchester,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Manogue,  P.,  Ixii. 


Mansfield,  chosen  as  coadjutor  to  Seabury, 

xl. 
Mansfield,  Lord,  views  on  Metliodist  ordi- 

nation,  1. 
Manucy,  D.,  Ixi;   Ixxvi. 
Marcus,  first  Gentile  bishop  of  Jerusalem, 

XV. 

Marechal,  A.,  Ivii. 

Marquette,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Martin,  .A..  M.,  Ixi. 

Marty,  M.,  Ixii. 

Matthias,  chosen  l)v  the  Eleven,  xi. 

M.itz,  N.  C,  Ix. 

May,  M.',  lix. 

McCIoskey,  J.,  Iviii. 

McCloskey,  \V.  G.,  Ixi. 

McCoIgan,  E.,  Ivii. 

McDonnell,  C.  K.,  lix. 

McFarland,  F.  P.,  Ix. 

McFaul,  J.  A.,  Ixiii. 

McGill,  J.,  Ixii. 

McCJovern,  'P.,  Ix. 

McKendree,  \V.,  liv. 

McLean,  J.,  xliii. 

McM.ahon,  L.  S.,  Ix. 

.McMullen,  |.,  lix. 

McXeirnv,  F.,  lix. 

.McQuaid',  K.   I.,  Ixii. 

Medley,  J.,  xliii. 

Meerschaert,  T.,  Ixiii. 

Melcher,  J.,  Ix. 

Merrill,  S.  M.,  liv. 

Messmer,  S.  G.,  Ix. 

.Methodist  Episcoi)aI  Church  superinten- 
dency,  xlvi  si/.;  first  services,  i/o.;  first 
.■\merican  Conference,  i/c;  j^reachers  pro- 
hibited from  administering  sacraments, 
xlvii;  Conference  in  Baltimore,  1780,  de- 
nounces irregularities,  dt>.;  separation 
agreed  to,  Hi ;  occupants  of  episcopal 
office,  liv.      See  Wesley,  Coke,  etc. 

Mexico,  Ixvii  si/. 

Michaud,  J.  .S.,  lix. 

Miege,  ].  B.,  Ix. 

Miles,  R.  P.,  Ixi. 

Milwaukee,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Mobile,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Monterey  and  Los  .\ngeles,  R.  C.  diocese, 
Ixi. 

Montgomery,  G.,  Ixi. 

Montreal,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Moore,  B.,  at  Convocation  in  Middletown, 

XXV. 

Moore,  J.,  Ixii. 

Moore,  "  Life  of  Wesley,"  quoted,  xlix. 
Moosonee,  Canatlian  diocese,  xliii. 
Mora,  F.,  Ixi. 
Moreno,  F.  G.  D.,  Iviii. 
Morris,  T.  A.,  liv. 

Moss,  Bishop,  objection  to  omission  of  de- 
scent into  hell  in  creed,  xxxi. 
Mountain,  G.  J.,  xliii. 


375 


Mountain,  J.,  xliii. 

Mrak,  I.,  I'xi. 

Mullen,  T.,  Ix. 

Murray,  A.,  letter  t.i  White,  xxx. 

Narcissus,  xv. 

Nashville,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Natchez,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Natchitoches,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Neale,  L.,  Ivii. 
•Neras,  J.  C,  Ixii. 

Nesqually,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Neumann,  J.  N'l  l^i''- 

New  England,  resentment  against  the  South, 
xl. 

New  Orleans,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

New  Westminster,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

New  York,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Ivii. 

Newark,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Newfoundland,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Newman,  J.  P.,  liv. 

Newnham,  J.  A.,  xliii. 

Niagara,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Ninde,  W.  X.,  liv. 

North  Carolina,  R.  C.  vicariate,  Ixiii. 

Northrop,  IL  P.,  lix ;  Ixiii. 

Nova  Scotia,  xliii.  See  British  North 
America. 

O'Connor,  J.,  Ixi. 

O'Connor,  M.,  Ix  ;   Ixii. 

O'Farrell,  M.  J.,  Ixiii. 

O'Gorman,  J.,  Ixi. 

O'Hara,  W.,  Ixii. 

O'Hare,  James  F.,  Ixii. 

O' Regan,  A.,  Ivii. 

O'Reilly,  B.,  Ix. 

O'Reilly,  J.,  Ixiii. 

O'Reilly,  P.  T.,  Ixii. 

O'SuIlivan,  J.,  Ixi. 

Odin,  J.  M.,  Ivii;   Ix. 

(.)gdensburg,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Omaha,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixi. 

Onesimus,  xv. 

Ontario,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Oregon  City,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 

Oxenden,  A.,  xliii. 

Parker,  Samuel,  xxiii ;  position  respecting 
the  episcopate,  xxiv ;  at  Convocation  in 
Middletown,  xxv;  correspondence  with 
White,  xxvi;xxxi;  in  regard  to  Scotch  suc- 
cession, xxxiii ;  proposed  for  bishop,  xl. 

Peck,  J.  T.,  liv. 

Pellicer,  A.  D.,  Ixii. 

I'eoria,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Perche,  N.  J.,  Ivii. 

Perrin,  W.  W.,  xliii. 

Perry,  '*  Historical  Notes  and  Documents," 
quoted,  xxiii  sij. 

Persico,  I.,  Ixii. 

Phelan,  R.,  Ixii. 

Philadelphia,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 

Philadelpliia  Convention.  See  Convention, 
Philadelphia. 


Pilniore,  [.,  xxxiv ;    xlvi. 

Pinkham,"  W.  C,  xlvii. 

Pittsburg,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Pius  I.,  XX. 

Pius  VI.,  Ivi. 

"  Plan  for  Obtaining  the  Consecration  of 
Bishops,"  etc.,  xxvi  sq. 

Polycarp,  xv ;  bishop  of  Smyrna,  xvi. 

Porro,  F.,  Ivii. 

Portier,  M.,  Ixi. 

Portland,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Potter,  H.,  Ixv. 

Potter,  H.  C,  l.xv. 

"  Proposed  Book,"  xxx  sq. 

Providence,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Provoost,  opposition  to  Seabury,  xxxii  sq.; 
xl  sq.;  bishop  elect,  xxxviii ;  sails  for 
England,  xxxix ;  consecration,  (/('.,■  re- 
turn to  America,  do. 

Purcell,  J.  B.,  Ivii. 

<,)u'Appelle,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Quarter,  W.,  Ivii. 

Quebec,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

l^igley,  D.  J.,  lix. 

(^uinlan,  J.,  Ixi. 

Rademacher,  f.,  Ix  ;   Ixi. 

R.inkin,  T.,  xlvi. 

R.ippe,  A.,  lix. 

Reeves,  W.  D.,  xliii. 

Rese,  F.,  Ix. 

Reynolds,  I.  A.,  lix. 

Richmond,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Richter,  H.  J.,  Ix. 

Ridley,  W.,  xliii. 

Riley,  H.  C,  Ixviii. 

Riordan,  P.  W.,  Iviii. 

Roberts,  J.  W.,  liv. 

Roberts,  R.  R.,  liv. 

Rochester,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Roman  Catholic  episcopate  in  U.  S.,  Iv  sq. 

Roman  Catholic  succession  in  .\merica,  Ivii 
sq. 

Roman  Church,  succession  in,  xx. 

Rf^sati,  J.,  Ivii ;   hiii. 

Rosecrans,  .S.  II..  lix. 

Rupert's  Land,  ('anadian  jirnvince  and  dio- 
cese, xliii. 

Ryan,  J.,  lix. 

Ryan,  P.  T-,  Iviii. 

Ryan,  S.  V.,  lix. 

.Sacrainento,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

St.  Augustine,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

St.  Cloud,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

St.  Joseph,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

St.  Louis,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 

St.  Palais,  M.  de,  Ixiii. 

St.  Paul,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 

Salpointe,  J.  B.,  Iviii;  Ixiii. 

.Salt  Lake,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

San  Antonio,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

San  Franci-.co,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 

Santa  Fe,  R.  C.  archdiocese,  Iviii. 


376 


Saskatchewan,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Savannah,  K.  C  diocese,  Ixli. 

Scanlan,  1..,  Ixii. 

Scannell,  K.,  lix  ;  Ixii. 

Schwebach,  J.,  Ixi. 

Scott,  L.,  liv. 

Scranton,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Scabury,  Samuel,  consecrated,  xxv ;  declines 
invitation  to  Philadelpliia  Convention, 
tin.;  otters  services  for  ordination,  do.;  olj- 
jects  to  radical  Southern  views,  do. ;  con- 
gratulates White  and  I'rovoost  on  their 
consecration,  xxxix ;  ])roposes  meeting 
to  bring  about  uniformity,  </o.;  indepen- 
dence of  position,  xl ;  liis  self-abnegation, 
xll ;   presiding  bishop,  t/o. 

Seghers,  C.  J.,  Iviii. 

Selkirk,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Scraplon,  xv. 

Shanahan,  J.  F.,  Ix. 

Shanley,  J.,  Ix. 

Sharp,  Granville,  appeals  for  needs  of  Amer- 
ican Church,  XXX. 

Sillitoe,  .\.  \\.,  xliii. 

Silvanus,  probably  an  apostle,  xii. 

Simpson,  M.,  liv. 

Sioux  Falls,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Smith,  B.  B.,  Ixviii. 

Smith,  Robert,  opposition  to  Scotch  suc- 
cession, xxxiv  sq. 

Smith,  William,  attempt  to  obtain  episco- 
pate in  Maryland,  xxxii;  Wilmington 
Convention  refuses  to  sign  papers  for 
consecration,  xxxix  ;   liii. 

Smith,  William  (compiler  of  Institution  Of- 
fice), xxxiv. 

Smyth,  C,  Ivii. 

Soter,  XX. 

Sotion,  xvii. 

Soule,  J.,  liv. 

South  Carolina,  radical  view  as  to  bishops, 
xxiv ;  xxxii. 

Spalding,  J.  L.,  Ixii. 

Spalding,  M.  J.,  Ivii;  Ixi. 

Spencer,  A.  G.,  xliii. 

Springfield,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Stanser,  R.,  xliii. 

Stevens,  W.  B.,  Ixviii. 

Stewart,  C.  J.,  xliii. 

Strachan,  J.,  xliii. 

Straw-bridge,  R.,  xlvi ;  irregular  proceed- 
ings, xlvii. 

Sullivan,  E.,  xliii. 

Sweatman,  A.,  xliii. 

Symeon,  succeeds  James  at  Jerusalem,  xv. 

Syracuse,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixii. 

Taylor,  W.,  liv. 

Telesephorus,  xx. 

Theophilus,  xv. 

Thoburn,  J.  M..  liv. 

Thomson,  K..  liv. 

Ticrnv,  M.,  Ix. 


Tinion,  J.,  lix. 

Timothy  and  Titus,  charge  of  churches  com- 
mitted to,  xii. 

Toebbe,  A.  M.,  lix. 

Toronto,  Canadian  diocese,  xliii. 

Tosi,  P.,  Ixiii. 

Trenton,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixiii. 

Tuigg,  J.,  Ixii. 

Tyler,  W.,  Ix. 

L'rlin,  R.  U.,  "  John  Wesley's  Place  in 
History,"  quoted,  li. 

VanDe  Velde,  J.  O.,  Ivii;   Ixi. 

Van  De  Vyver,  A.,  Ixii. 

V'asey,  a))pointed  by  Wesley  for  America, 
xlviii;   I. 

Verdaguer,  P.,  Ixiii. 

Verot,  A.,  Ixii. 

V'ertin,  J.,  Ixi. 

Victor,  XX. 

\incennes,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixiii. 

Vincent,  J.  H.,  liv. 

\'irginia,  anticipatory  canons  circumscrib- 
ing bishop,  xxiv;  growing  indifference, 
xxxii ;  laxity  in  doctrine  and  morals, 
xlii. 

Wadhams,  E.  P.,  Ixi. 

Walden,  J.  M.,  liv. 

Wallingford  Convocation,  xl. 

Walmesley,  C,  Iv. 

Warren,  H.  W.,  liv. 

Watterson,  J.  A.,  lix. 

Waugh,  B.,  liv. 

Weld,  Thomas,  Iv  sg. 

Wesley,  Charles,  disapproves  of  his  bro- 
ther's ordinations,  I  .f^. 

Wesley,  John,  sends  over  Boardman  and 
Pilmore,  xlvi ;  erroneous  ideas  in  regard 
to  American  Methodists,  xlviii ;  holds 
that  presbyters  have  right  to  ordain,  do.; 
refuses  to  ordain,  do.;  finally  consents, 
do.;  ordains  Whatcoat  and  Vasey,  do.; 
action  in  regard  to  Coke,  do.;  rebukes 
Asbury  for  assuming  title  of  bishop,  xlix  ; 
defines  his  position,  do.;  his  ordination 
of  Whatcoat,  etc.,  secret,  1;  accepts  po- 
sition forced  on  him  by  action  of  Coke, 
do. ;  weakness  of  mind,  1  sq.;  deprecates 
separation  from  Church,  li. 

West,  Rev.  Dr.,  Hi  sq. 

Whatcoat,  appointed  by  Wesley  for  Amer- 
ica, xlviii;  li;  liv. 

Wheeling,  R.  C.  diocese,  Ixiii. 

Whelan,  J.,  Ixi. 

Whelan,  R.  V.,  Ixii;  Ixiii. 

White,  William,  "The  Case  of  the  Epis- 
copal Churches  Considered,"  xxii  sq.; 
"Fundamental  Principles,"  xxiii ;  letter 
to  Parker  on  succession,  do.;  statesman- 
ship, xxv ;  wishes  bishop  to  preside  in 
councils,  xxvi ;  "  Memoirs  of  the  Church," 
quoted,  xxvii  sq.;  author  of  "  Plan  and 
Address,"  do.;  view  of   effect   of   aban- 


XXXIV  ; 

L;r,.utl 


(loniiii;  llic  succession,  \x\iii;  recourse  to 
Scotlauil  iiiipropcr,  (/ii.  .■  foreign  ordination 
a  luudship,  i(o.:  cnrres[ion(lence  with  In- 
L;lis,  1  )uclie,  ;mil  .Murray,  xxix-xxxi ; 
ieadint;  spirit  in  <-  liurch,  xxxiii;  conipro- 
niise  resolution  at  1786  Convention, 
influential  in  bringing  about 
1  of  riuirchlv  feeling,  xxxv;  view 
n.lkis  "  Meni.irial."  xxNvi;  lead- 
■niliei-  of  coninilttee  to  act  on  Kng- 
lers,  xwvii;  lii^lio],  elect,  xxxviii ; 
.r  Knglan.l.  \v\ix;  consecrated, 
eturn  to  Annri.a.  ,/,■.,•  secomls 
v'-  etrorts  f.,1  luiio,,.  xli. 
id.  ■■  Life  of  Wrslry."  ,|uote.l. 
'/•■■    ■I""!'--"    opinion    in    regard    to 


hsli 
sails 

,ai 
fi 

,lo.  : 

re 

Seal 

ur 

Wliite 

lea 

Wllitfield,  [..  Ivii 
Whittingliani.  \\  . 
Wicliita.  K.  C.  d 
Wigger,  \V.  .M., 
Wifev,  I.  W..  li^ 
Williams,  |.  |.,  I 
Williams.  J,  \\.. 
\\'ilmington,  K.  ( 
Wilmington  ("onv 

Wilmington. 
\^'inona,  R.  ( '.  d 
Wood,  J.  1'.,  Kii 
Xvstus,"  \\. 
Young,  1.  M.,  Ix 
Young,  "k..  xliii. 
Zardetti,  I)..  Kii. 
Zeiningrr.   A..  Ivi 


Atkins 
.\t«ill, 
.\uer. 
naiLcr 

1:. 

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ne.lell. 

ill. 

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Dissell 

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lioone. 

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W.  j.  ,11.) 


en,  .\. 


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I>o\vinan.  s.  i  ^7 

lirewer,  1..   R.  J07 

lirooke,  I''.   K.                                             .  ^t; 

Brooks,  1'              .  -I 
llr.nvn,    |.  11.   II.                                            .24; 

lirownell,   T.  (  4; 

I'.urgess,  .\  ;;|;5 

lUirgess,  ( ,  107 

Capers,  V.  ^j;:; 

Cli.tse,  C                 -  .  -  0  ^ 

Cliase,  I'  41 

Cheshire,    T.   R..   Ir  ^ii 

Claggett.    i'.    1      '                                       .  I  ^ 
Clark,  T.  M   "                                              .1^5 

Clarkson.   R    11                                           .  lii; 

Cobbs,  \.    II                                 95 

Coleman.  L.  ^07 

Coxe,  .-\.  C                                      ....  I  :;i) 

«>oes,J r, 

(  ummins.  ( ,.   1 ) 17; 

Davies,  T.    K        519 

Davis,  T.  K        123 

De  Lancey.  \V.  H 77 

Ilehon,  t'     31 


Doane.  W 

,■ 

luidiev.  r 

C 

Dunlop,  ( 

.    K 

i:astl.nrn. 

M             

I-.lliott,   R 

\Y.    1!    

l-.lliott,  S 

Ferguson. 

,s.   1 1            

I-reeiiian. 
Cadsden, 

0  W          

•.I':          

Cailor.   I. 

1  ■            

Calleher, 

1.  .\       

Carrett.  .\ 

.  ( 

Cilbert.    .M.    X      

CiUespii-, 

C.  I)  

(irafton.  ( 
(b  lives.  .\ 

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k 

(Mine-,   1" 

R         

(b:u.    W. 

Cbeell.  W 

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(b-egg.  A 

(bdswold. 

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Hale.  C.   1 

Hall,  A.   ( 

•.    .\    

Hare.  W. 

II         

67 


Harri- 
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1 1  en  si 
H.ibai 

Ilopk, 

Howe 


I.    W  K 


1.   H 


...   I.  II 

M.  .\.   III.  \ 

Iloue,  W.   I!.  W. 

Huntington.  I-'.  I) 

Ives.  L.  S 

Jackson,  II.  M.  ... 

laggar.  T.   A      .  .  . 

larvis,  A :  . .  . 


Jol.ns,  J 87 

Johnston,  J.  S   ^03 

i<-t:mp,  J 35 

Kemper,  J              .      .     71 

KcndricU,  J-   M  .      301) 

Kerfoot,  J-   !'■  .    l6q 

Kinsolvin^',  Li     11    541 

Kip,  W.  I 127 

Kiiickerbacker.   I).   B                  .  275 

Knight,  C.   !■■ 313 

Liuvrence,  W 359 

Lay,  H.  C 
Lee,  A  .  .  . 
Lee,  H.  W 
Leonard,  A 


Leonard,  \V.   A 
Littlejohn.  A.    \ 
Lvman,  T.  i; 
Madison,    | 
McCoskry",  S.    * 
Mellvaine,   C.    I 
McKim,  1    .  . 
McLaren",    W.    1- 
Meaile,  \V  .  . .  . 
Millspaugh,  r.  1' 

Moore,  li 

Moore,  R.  C 
Morris,  I!.  \V 
Xeelv,  H.  A 
Nelson,  f.  K 
Xewton,  L  1> 


365 

Nichols,  \V.  V    323 


Nicholson,  L  I 
Niles,  W.  \V      ... 
(IdenheinuT,  W.  II 
Onderdonk,    li.    T . 
Onderdonk,  li.   U. 

t)tev,  J.  11 

Paddock,   U.    IL  . . 
Paddock,  J.  .\    ... 

Pavct,  \V 2.S9 

Parker,  S 23 

T'ayne,  J    113 

Penick,   C.   (' 249 

Perry.  W.  .S 245 

Peterkin,  C.  W 255 

Pierce,  II.  N 203 

Pinkncv,  W 207 

Polk,  r,    7=; 


PnttC 
P..1U' 


lO^ 


II. 


PAGII 

Potter,  H.  C 277 

Provoost,  S 9 

Quintard,  C.  T 16-; 

Randall,  G.  M 167 

Randolph,  A.  M 279 

Ravenscroft,  J.  S 47 

Roherlson,  c!  K 191 

Ruli-,on,  N.  S 2S7 

Rmled-e,  F.  II 115 

Scarborough,  J 235 

Schereschewsky,  S.  L  J 251 

Scott,  T.  1-'    129 

Seabury,  S i 

Sessums,  1 ) 329 

Sevniour,  G.  F 257 

Sniith,  B.  B (13 

Smith,  R 15 

Southgate,   H 103 

^l-Min-.    I-    r-                      221 

-:--.,    I.     \                                        261 

-:- \\-    V.                               151 

.Mone.   W.    M 5:; 

•lalliol.    K    :;oi 

Tallint,   1.  (■ ',49 

'I'liomax.   !■■,.  S 299 

Thompson.    II.   M 273 

Tiittle,  D.  S    181 

L'pf.>ld,  (; log 

Vail,  T.   M 157 

Mnccnt,    i! 311 

\Vainxvright,  J.  M 121 

Walker,  W.  I) 2S1 

Watson,   A.   A 28^ 

Weed.  ]••„  r, 295 

Well.-.    K.    K 223 

W..IU.   1,.   II -,43 

Wllipplr,    11.    1! "14; 

Wliitaker.    ( ).    \V 201 

Wliik,   1.11 1567 

White,  'W "    5 

Whitehead,  C 271 

Whitehousc,  H.  J 119 

Whittingliam.  w!   R 81 

Wliiltlr.'  I'.    M 187 

Williams.  C.    M     171 

Williams,  I 117 

Wilmer,    f.    P.    B 171 

Wilmer,   R.    II i>; 

Wingfield.   J.    II.    II 227 

Worthington,  G 291 

Young,  J.  F    1S3 


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